WIND TURBINE

WIND TURBINE

PRESENTED BY

DILIP RATHNAM.J PP14006SUHIT SHAH PP14007ROSHAN RAGHTATE PP14008MANPREET ARORAPP14009ROHIT GORJEPP14010

Offshore wind turbines foundation

Offshore is one of the fastest growing sectors .2010 300 turbines 3000MW2015 20,000MWProjects UK , Germany and Netherlands

Types of foundationSeveral foundation types are available for wind energy offshore towers

Gravity foundation

Monopile foundation

Tripod foundation

Jacket foundation

Wind turbine foundation remedial workThe purpose of the remedial works in a damaged wind turbine foundation is to provide an alternative load pathThe remedial work was carried out in 5 stages:1. Arresting the movements by fixing the tower. 2. Drilling of injection holes on both side of the tower and inspection.3. Construction of a new flange and prepare the under casting4. Injection into the foundation using Ducorit IQ.5. Under cast of the new flange with Ducorit S5.

Wind Turbine Design

Two types of turbine design: Horizontal axis and Vertical axis.

Horizontal axis turbines: Can reach higher altitude wind but requires a substantial tower structure. Used in most modern wind turbine designs.

Vertical axis turbines: No need to turn into wind (yaw), easier construction and maintenance (generator and gear box are on the ground) level, lower efficiency.

Drag or Lift DesignWind turbines are designed based on either aerodynamic Drag or Lift force.Lift Design

Blade is essentially an airfoil (like wings of airplanes). When air flows past the blade, a wind speed and pressure differential is created between the upper and lower blade surfaces. The pressure at the lower surface is greater and thus acts to "lift" the blade.The lift force is translated into rotational motion. Lift design generally has higher efficiency and is used in most modern turbines. Drag Design

The wind literally pushes the blades out of the way.The Drag Force is parallel to the direction of motion. We want to make this force small.

Blade AngleThe angle between the chord line of the blade and the wind direction (called angle of attack) has a large effect on the lift force (see figure below). Typically, maximum lift fore is achieved with 1.0 to 15.0 degrees angle of attack.

Relative Wind direction Wind direction relative to blade depends on wind speed and rotor speed.

Typical Wind Turbine Operation

0 ~ 5 m/s --- Wind speed is too low for generating power. Turbine is not operational. Rotor is locked.

5 ~ 15 m/s ---- 5 m/s is the minimum operational speed. It is called Cut-in speed. In 10 ~ 25 mph wind, generated power increases with the wind speed.

15 ~ 25 m/s ---- Typical wind turbines reach the rated power (maximum operating power) at wind speed of 15 m/s (called Rated wind speed). Further increase in wind speed will not result in substantially higher generated power by design. This is accomplished by, for example, pitching the blade angle to reduce the turbine efficiency.

> 25 m/s ---- Turbine is shut down when wind speed is higher than 50mph (called Cut-out speed) to prevent structure failure.

Thank you