Wind Hazard Modeling and the HAZUS Wind Model

Major Stakeholders

• Local, state and federal government agencies

• Humanitarian organizations

• Insurance industry

• Businesses and private citizens

Why Model Wind Damage?

• Understand/Prepare for Building Damage

• Understand/Prepare for Sheltering Requirements

• Understand/Prepare for Emergency Management Response

• Understand Economic Ramifications

• Provide Justification for Building Code Changes

Types of Damage and Loss Models

• Holistic, Actualized Cost Models

• Meteorological Models

• Load vs. Resistance Structural Damage Model

• Tree Damage Models

• Windborne Debris Damage Models

• Loss Models

“The HAZUS-MH Hurricane Model is designed to produce loss estimates for use by federal, state, regional and local governments in planning for hurricane risk mitigation, emergency preparedness,response and recovery.”

-HAZUS Technical Manual

About HAZUS

• Hazards United States (Multi-hazard)• Product of National Institute of Building

Sciences (NIBS) and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

• Earthquake Model released in 1997• HAZUS-MH released in 2003• Flood Model and Hurricane Model• Geographical Information System (GIS)-

Based Model

HAZUS Availability and Requirements

• http://www.fema.gov/hazus/pdf/order_form_mh.pdf

• Software is free, but requires ArcGIS to operate

Hurricane Model Capabilities

Parameter/DataLevel 1

(Default Data)Level 2

(User-Supplied Data)Level 3

(Advanced Data)

Wind Model Default Probabilistic User-Defined Scenario

Building Inventory Default Probabilistic User-Supplied

Facilities and Building Classes

Residential Commercial Industrial Essential Facilities

Utility, Transportation and High Potential Loss Facilities

Display/Edit Locations Only - No Damage or Loss Estimation

Terrain Default Expert Supplied

Loss Functions Default

Damage Functions Default

Shelter Requirements Default User-Supplied Parameters

Debris Default

Wind Hazards Throughout the U.S.

Source: HAZUS-MH Wind Technical Manual

HAZUS Wind Model Framework

Elements shown in bold are implemented in the current version of the Hurricane Model

Source: HAZUS-MH Wind Technical Manual

Source: HAZUS-MH Wind Technical Manual

Creation of HAZUS Fast-Running Damage Functions

Residential Damage States

Damage State Qualitative Damage Description

Roof Cover Failure

Window Door

FailuresRoof Deck

Missile Impacts on Walls

Roof Structure Failure

Wall Structure Failure

0 No Damage or Very Minor DamageLittle or no visible damage from the outside. No broken windows, or failed roof deck. Minimal loss of roof cover, with no or very limited water penetration.

≤2% No No No No No

1 Minor DamageMaximum of one broken window, door or garage door. Moderate roof cover loss that can be covered to prevent additional water entering the building. Marks or dents on walls requiring painting or patching for repair.

>2% and ≤15%

One window, door, or garage door

failure

No <5 impacts

No No

2 Moderate DamageMajor roof cover damage, moderate window breakage. Minor roof sheathing failure. Some resulting damage to interior of building from water.

>15% and ≤50%

> one and ≤ the

larger or 20% &3

1 to 3 panels

Typically 5 to 10 impacts

No No

3 Severe DamageMajor window damage or roof sheathing loss. Major roof cover loss. Extensive damage to interior from water.

>50%> the

larger of 20% & 3 and ≤50%

>3 and ≤25%

Typically 10 to 20 impacts

No No

4 DestructionComplete roof failure and/or, failure of wall frame. Loss of more than 50% of roof sheathing.

Typically >50% >50% >25%

Typically >20

impactsYes Yes

Change this slide to gable, no secondary water resistance, no shutters and with a garage.