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![Page 1: Wind Energy Center University of Massachusetts Wind Resource Assessment Patrick Quinlan University of Massachusetts Wind Energy Center Environmental Business.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649f555503460f94c795a2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Wind Resource Assessment
Patrick Quinlan
University of MassachusettsWind Energy Center
Environmental Business Council
December 17, 2009
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Wind and the Turbine
• Performance
• Design– Force related to square
of wind speed
– Extremes affect ultimate loads
– Turbulence and means affect fatigue
32
2
1URPwind
UPPWT
2
2
1UCF
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Time Scale of Winds
• Wind varies in time, space, direction
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Wind Shear: Power Law
• Power law model
• Exponent of 1/7
often assumed, usually much higher
rr z
z
zU
zU
)(
)(
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Wind Data Acquisition Systems
• Typical wind data collection system for resource measurement– Sensors + backups, at multiple heights– Tower– Data recorder (“Logger”); eg., UMass Minuteman– Quality Assurance -- eg., UMass AQUA– Data analysis and reporting
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Sample Wind Data Acquisition System
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Wind Sensors
• Cup anemometers - Frequency output
• Wind vanes - Voltage output
Maximum 40 anemometer and wind vane
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Remote Sensing: SODAR and LIDAR
• Measures to high elevations without a tower• Measures Doppler shift reflected from density
inhomogeneities or particle reflections in atmosphere• Good height resolution
12
8
4
0
Win
d S
pe
ed
, m/s
750700650600550500Sample number
160m 130m 100m 70m 40m
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Presentation of Averaged Data
• Time series of speed• Time series of direction• Wind frequency rose• Wind speed rose• Histogram of wind speeds• Turbulence intensity vs. wind speed• Wind shear profiles• Diurnal averages
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Wind Roses
• Wind Frequency Rose– Fraction of winds from
direction sectors
• Wind Speed Rose– Mean wind speed from
each direction sector
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%N
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
SSW
SW
WSW
W
WNW
NW
NNW
Vane - ESI 19m Vane 1 - FAA 24 Vane 2 - FAA 37
0
4
8
12
16N
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
SSW
SW
WSW
W
WNW
NW
NNW
Direction Percentage Wind Speed, M/sec
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Histograms
• Histogram of wind speedsWind Speed Distribution, Bishop & Clerks, Feb 2002
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21
Speed Bins, M/sec
Per
cen
t
Anemometer 1 - 15m primary Anemometer 2 - 15m backup
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Turbulence Intensity
• Turbulence intensity vs. wind speedTurbulence Intensity
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 5 10 15 20 25
Wind Speed (m/s)
Turb
ule
nce
Inte
nsi
ty
Anemometer 1 TI Anemometer 2 TI
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Wind Shear
• Wind shear and wind shear models140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Hei
ght,
m
1086420Wind Speed, m/s
12:10 12:20 12:30 12:40 12:50 Pow er Law Log Law
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Diurnal Averages Diurnal Averaged Wind Speed
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8
8.1
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Hour
Avg
. W
ind
Sp
eed
(m
/s)
Anemometer 1 Anemometer 2
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Wind Energy Center
University of Massachusetts
Questions?
Patrick Quinlan
University of Massachusetts
Wind Energy Center
413-545-0617