Wind energy by gsg

Wind Energy

At a

Glance

Introduction

Why Wind Energy ?

Wind Farm of 1 MW capacity saves 200 MT of Coal

annually Wind Farm of 1 MW avoids emission of

pollutant gases annually as under :

Sulphur dioxide 2 - 3.2 MT

Nitrogen dioxide 1 - 2.4 MT

Carbon dioxide 300 - 500 MT

Particulate like fly ash 150 - 280 kgs.

Average temperature rise of around 1 to 3.5oC by

year 2100 – a rate of warming greater then at any

time over the last 10,000 years.

Fuel source is free, abundant and inexhaustible.

It's a clean fuel source.

Wind power is cost effective.

A real fast track power project, with the lowest

gestation period; and a modular concept.

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs are low.

No marketing risks, as the product is electrical

energy which is always in demand.

Creates employment and regional growth.

Benefits of Wind Energy :

Wind turbine manufacturers (including EPC).

Developers (buy or lease windy land, finance the

installation, O&M after the warranty period).

Private consultants and contractors (provide

specialized skills or knowledge, meteorologist,

technical comparisons b/n the products, due

diligence).

Electric utilities(SEBs).

Land owners.

Key Players in the Wind Power Project Development

Transmission challenges – Power evacuation infrastructure

facility is inadequate.

Lack of collaborative research between academic institutions

government and private industries.

Harnessing low velocity wind regimes.

Wind power forecasting.

Storage techniques.

Offshore wind farm development.

Repowering old wind farms.

Human Resource Development for the sector.

Wind Energy Challenges :

Leitwind Shriram Manufacturing Limited

Global Wind Power Limited

Suzlon Energy Pvt Ltd Chiranjjeevi Wind Energy

Limited,

Enercon India Limited Gamesa Wind Turbines Private

Limited,

Vestas Wind Technology Pvt Ltd GE India Industrial Private

Limited,

Inox Wind Limited, Kenersys India Private Limited,

NuPower Technologies Private

Limited, Pioneer Wincon Private Limited

Regen Powertech Private

Limited,

RRB Energy Limited,

Siva Windturbine India Private

Limited, Southern Wind Farm Limited

Wind Manufacturers in India :

Wind Energy

Statistics

Development of wind turbine size

Year Capacity (kW) Rotor dia (m)

1985 50 15

1989 300 30

1992 500 37

1994 600 46

1998 1500 70

2003 3000-3600 90-104

2004 4500-5000 112-128

Wind

Energy

Map of

India

State-wise Wind Power Installed Capacity In India till 31.03.2015

State Total Capacity (MW)

Andhra Pradesh 1038.15

Gujarat 3642.53

Karnataka 2639.45

Kerala 35.1

Madhya Pradesh 876.7

Maharashtra 4437.9

Orissa -

Rajasthan 3308.15

Tamil Nadu 7456.98

Others 4.3

Total (All India) 23439.26

What is Wind Power ?

Wind Power - What is it?

Wind is a form of solar energy.

Winds are caused by the uneven

heating of the atmosphere by the sun,

the irregularities of the earth's

surface, and rotation of the earth.

Wind flow patterns are modified by the

earth's terrain, bodies of water, and

vegetative cover.

This wind flow, or motion energy,

when "harvested" by modern wind

turbines, can be used to generate

power or electricity.

How Wind Power is generated ?

The terms "wind energy" or

"wind power" describe the

process by which the wind is used

to generate mechanical power

or electricity.

Wind turbines convert the kinetic

energy in the wind into

mechanical power.

This mechanical power is

converted into electricity.

Wind turbines, like windmills, are mounted on a tower

to capture the most energy.

At 100 feet or more aboveground, they can take

advantage of the faster and less turbulent wind.

Turbines catch the wind's energy with their propeller-

like blades. Usually, two or three blades are mounted

on a shaft to form a rotor.

Wind Turbines

Simply stated, a wind turbine

is the opposite of a fan.

Instead of using electricity to

make wind, like a fan, wind

turbines use wind to make

electricity.

The wind turns the blades,

which spin a shaft, which

connects to a generator and

makes electricity.

How wind projects are developed ?

The current estimate of wind energy potential is 10

times the amount of electricity consumption for the

entire country.

This strong wind resource varies across the country by

region and topography.

Wind energy projects are developed by companies that

seek out the areas with the strongest wind resource but

also review other critical factors like access to land, access

to the transmission lines, ability to sell the electricity, and

other significant development factors. (Contd….)

How wind projects are developed ?

Once a site is identified, a developer will conduct wind resource

assessment, siting and permitting, transmission studies over a

period of several years.

The majority of wind projects are located on private land, where

the developer leases the land from the original landowner

providing lease payments. After early stages of development, a

developer will seek out a contract with a purchaser of electricity,

raise capital from the finance markets, order wind turbines, and

hire a specialized construction company to build the project.

Once a project is built and delivering electricity to the power grid,

a project owner or operator will maintain the project for its 20 to

30 year life.

Types of Electricity

Generating

Windmills

Types of Electricity Generating Windmills

Small (10 kW)

Homes

Farms

Remote Applications

(Example:

water pumping, telecom

sites, ice-making)


Intermediate

(10-250 kW)

Village Power

Hybrid Systems

Distributed Power


Large (250 kW - 2+MW)

Central Station

Wind Farms

Distributed Power

Types of

Wind Turbines

There are two types of

wind turbines.

Vertical axis wind turbines

and

Horizontal axis wind turbines.

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

Vertical axis wind turbines

have the main rotor shaft

arranged vertically.

The main advantage of this

arrangement is that the wind

turbine does not need to be

pointed into the wind.

This is an advantage on sites

where the wind direction is

highly variable or has

turbulent winds.

Different types of

vertical axis

Wind

Turbines

Vertical Axis Turbines Advantages

Omnidirectional.

Accepts wind from any angle.

Components can be mounted at ground level.

Ease of service.

Lighter weight towers.

Can theoretically use less materials to capture

the same amount of wind.

Vertical Axis Turbines Disadvantages

Rotors generally near ground where wind poorer.

Centrifugal force stresses blades.

Poor self-starting capabilities.

Requires support at top of turbine rotor.

Requires entire rotor to be removed to replace

bearings.

Overall poor performance and reliability.

Have never been commercially successful.

Horizontal Axis

Wind

Turbines

Different types of

Horizontal axis

Wind

Turbines

How does a Wind Turbine works ?

How wind energy works ?

When wind blows past a turbine,

the blades capture the energy

and rotate.

This rotation triggers an internal

shaft to spin, which is connected

to a gearbox increasing the

speed of rotation, which is

connected to a generator that

ultimately produces electricity.

Anatomy of Wind Turbine

Components of Wind Turbine


Anemometer

Measures the wind

speed and transmits

the wind speed data

to the controller.


Blades

Lifts and rotates

when wind is

blown over them.

Most turbines have

either 2 or 3

blades.


Brakes

Stops the rotor

mechanically,

electrically,

hydraulically in

emergencies.


Gear Box

Connects low speed

shaft to the high speed

shaft and increases the

rotational speed from

30-60 RPM to 1000-

1800 RPM.

This is the rotational

speed required for most

generators to produce

electricity.


Nacelle

Nacelle sits atop of the

tower and encloses

various components.

Some Nacelles are large

enough to accommodate

helicopter landing also.


Hub

The blades are

directly bolted to the

hub.

The hub is fixed to

the rotor shaft which

drives the generator

directly or through a

gearbox.


Generator

Converts the mechanical

energy produced by the

rotor into electricity.

Different design produce

either DC or AC current.

Tower

Towers are made from tubular steel, Lattice structure or concrete.

Because the wind speed increases with the height, taller towers enable turbines to capture more energy and generate electricity.


Tower Types

Tubular Lattice Guyed Pole


Other important components includes:

Disadvantages of

Wind Energy :

Noise Disturbances.

Threat to Wildlife.

Wind Can Never Be Predicted.

Suited To Particular Region.

Maintenance cost of wind turbines is high.

Requires large open areas for setting up wind farms.

Also require lot of area to be acquired /developed

for movement of wind turbine components.

The average efficiency of wind turbine is very less as

compared to fossil fuel power plants.

Disadvantages of Wind Energy :

Future of Wind Energy :

The potential of wind energy is far from being utilized. It is

estimated by the Indian Wind Energy Association that the Wind

power potential for all the states of India put together would

be in the order of 1.5 GW.

It can sustain the growing needs of electricity of the Indian

consumers in a sustainable way.

The wind energy market in India has been growing since the

last many years.

India has set a target of achieving overall wind energy installed

capacity of 27,300 MW by 2017 and 38,500 MW by 2022.

By 2020, wind power could prevent more than 1 billion tons of

carbon dioxide from being emitted each year world wide.

Future of Wind Energy :

Wind Technology

Upgradation

Wind Turbine without Blades

The conical shape harnesses the oscillating motion caused by the wind and converts that to kinetic energy

Wind Turbine without Blades

Thank You

Wind energy by gsg

Engineering

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