MAY 2016

WIM Site Location

WIM #47 is located on MN 36 near Oak Park Heights in Washington county. The WIM is located only on the westbound (WB) side of MN 36, meaning that all data mentioned in this report pertains to WB traffic only (Lanes 1 and 2).

System Operation

WIM #47 was operational for the entire month of May 2016. Volume was computed using all monthly data.

System Calibration

WIM #47 was most recently calibrated on 2016-01-19. Table 1 summarizes the front axle weights of class 9s by lane 1. Table 1 indicates that the class 9 front axle weights were all within ±9% of baseline calibration values for all lanes. Figure 1 shows the distribution of gross vehicle weights (GVW) in the Class 9s at this site for the last 12 months 2. Figure 2 depicts the average front axle weight as a percent difference from the first full month following calibration.

Summary of Volume Statistics Total Monthly Volume: 434524 | Passenger Vehicles: 420174 | Heavy Commercial Vehicles: 14350

Monthly Average Daily Traffic (MADT): 14017 | Monthly Heavy Commercial Average Daily Traffic (MHCADT): 463

See Table 2 for vehicle class breakdown

Passenger Vehicles (PVs) and Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs)

Volume trends. WB vehicles typically reached highest volume levels on Fridays, with lowest volumes reported on Sundays (see Figure 3 and 4).

Passenger Vehicles (PVs)

Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day (see Figure 5), WB PVs generally reached peak volume levels between 02 PM and 04 PM.

Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs)

Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day, HCVs traveling WB typically reached peak volume levels between 02 PM and 04 PM. See Figure 6. Out of all HCVs, the two highest traffic volumes were generated by Class 5's and Class 15's.

Overweight HCVs

Volume trends. Of a total of 14350 HCVs, 1014 of them were overweight 3. These overweight HCVs contributed to 0.2% of total monthly volume, and 7.2% of total monthly

HCV volume. WB overweight vehicles typically reached highest numbers on Thursdays, with lowest volumes reported on Sundays See Figure 3 . The top two overweight violators by class were the class 9 and class 10 vehicles . Overall, overweight vehicles tended to reach peak volume concentrations during typical business hours (see Figure 7 & 8). Figure 9 shows the number of vehicles exceeding 88,000 pounds that crossed the WIM over the last 12 months. The highest number of 88,000+ vehicles within the last 12 months occurred in May. WIMs are currently used as a screening tool for weight enforcement, and it is estimated that the WIM scales can measure gross vehicle weights (GVW) within 90-95% of static weight scale measurements. Due to the possibility of measurement error, vehicles exceeding 10% of their legal weight limits (or 1.1 times their legal weight limits) are considered overweight in this report 4. Using normal load limits ,16 WB vehicles exceeded 88,000 pounds (9 vehicles were Class 13's; 5 vehicles were Class 10's). Refer to Table 3 for the Top 10 highest recorded GVWs from Classes 9 and 10 from May 2016.

Loaded vs. Unloaded HCVs. Figure 10 shows the GVW distributions of Class 9's and 10's in May 2016. Data suggests that there were greater numbers of fully_loaded Class 9's than empty Class 9's traveling WB Data also suggests that there were more NA Class 10's than NA traveling in the WB direction.

Freight Totals. A total of 100962 tons of freight was recorded to have crossed the WIM. See Table 4 and Figure 11 for more freight information.

Infrastructure Considerations

Bridge. Bridge No. 82045 (an extradosed cable stayed) is approximately 1 mile east of WIM #47. WIM #47 recorded a total of 434524 vehicles with a combined GVW of 2139036 kips (1 kip = 1,000 pounds = 0.5 tons) in May 2016. See Table 5 and Figures 12-13 for GVW information by vehicle class and lane.

Pavement Design. A total of 6971 equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) passed over the pavement at this site. In particular, 31% of all ESALs were generated by the Class 9's (Class 9's were also responsible for generating 6% of total GVW observed this month). See Table 6 and Figures 14-15 for more information on ESALs (Table 6 also provides flexible ESAL factors for each vehicle class using a terminal serviceability of 2.5 and a structural number of 5).

WIM monthly reports can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/reports-monthly-wimnew.html

MnDOT's vehicle classification scheme and vehicle class groupings for traffic forecasting can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/data-products.html#weight

To request this document in an alternative format, please call 651-366-4718 or 1-800-657-3774, or email your request to ADArequest.dot@state.mn.us. Please request at least one week in advance.

• 1 Front axle weights of Class 9s are monitored on a monthly basis to assure performance between calibrations. The current goal of the WIM scale calibration is to have each individual axle weight stay within a range of ±9% of baseline calibration values

• 2 Previous WIM research indicates that unloaded Class 9s typically weigh 28-32 kips, while loaded Class 9s generally fall in the 70-80 kip range. More recent data from several WIM sites suggests that the unloaded Class 9 range may have moved a little higher over time (due to increased presence of sleeper cabs, etc.), although these ranges are also thought to be site-specific.

• 3 An HCV is considered overweight during normal load limits in this report if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 80,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 20,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 34,000 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 43,000 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 51,000 pounds). Monthly reports use this standard regardless of the time of year however, the Winter Load Increase (WLI) allows a 10% across the board increase in axle and gross vehicle weights without a permit on US, state routes, and county roads. An HCV is considered overweight during Winter Load Increase(WLI) if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 88,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 22,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 37,400 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 47,300 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 56,100 pounds). An overweight HCV is only included once in the overweight volume calculations regardless of how many of the aforementioned conditions are violated. For information on MN weight limit dates and statutes: http://www.mrr.dot.state.mn.us/research/seasonal_load_limits/sllindex.asp

• 4 For example, Class 9s and 10s can legally have gross vehicle weights up to 80,000 lbs (with the exception of permitted loads) during normal load limits. To account for measurement error on the WIM scales, those exceeding 10% of the legal GVW maximum (or 1.1 times the legal GVW) should be screened (e.g., 80,000 lbs + 8,000 lbs = 88,000 lbs). Similarly during WLI vehicles weighing 96,800 lbs should be screened.

Vehicle Weights (Kips) Jan 2016 Feb 2016 Mar 2016 Apr 2016 May 2016

88-90 1 5 0 2 4

90-92 1 3 0 0 0

92-94 0 2 5 0 1

94-96 0 1 0 0 0

96-98 0 1 1 0 2

98-100 0 0 1 1 1

>100 2 1 7 6 8

Total 4 13 14 9 16

Table 1 Class 9 Front Axle Weight by Lane Month Lane 1 (Kips) Front Axle +/- 9% Lane 2 (Kips) Front Axle +/- 9%

February 2016 10.80 0.00 10.50 0.00

March 2016 10.85 0.43 10.44 -0.54

April 2016 10.89 0.84 10.14 -3.45

May 2016 10.55 -2.36 10.01 -4.68

Table 2 Vehicle Classification Data Vehicle Class

Monthly Average Daily Volume

Monthly Total Volume

Monthly Total Volume Percentage

Monthly Total Overweight Vehicles

Monthly Total Overweight Percentage

1 19 578 0.1 0 0

2 9798 303739 69.9 0 0

3 3737 115857 26.7 0 0

4 17 540 0.1 49 4.8

5 230 7144 1.6 47 4.6

6 51 1578 0.4 109 10.7

7 13 414 0.1 163 16.1

8 23 699 0.2 57 5.6

9 82 2545 0.6 303 29.9

10 42 1314 0.3 258 25.4

12 1 24 0 3 0.3

13 3 92 0 25 2.5

TOTAL 14017 434524 100 1014 100

Table 3 Top 10 Gross Vehicle Weight, Class 9 and 10 Date Day of Week Time Vehicle Class Direction Lane GVW (lbs)

2016-05-27 Friday 17:00:08 10 WB 1 103.89

2016-05-18 Wednesday 11:19:40 10 WB 1 99.36

2016-05-14 Saturday 13:44:53 10 WB 1 97.35

2016-05-18 Wednesday 12:50:03 10 WB 1 92.88

2016-05-05 Thursday 15:05:44 10 WB 1 92.49

2016-05-04 Wednesday 21:04:51 9 WB 1 89.42

2016-05-11 Wednesday 11:25:55 10 WB 1 89.33

2016-05-16 Monday 10:11:37 9 WB 1 88.14

2016-05-26 Thursday 06:11:10 9 WB 1 87.49

2016-05-25 Wednesday 04:55:22 9 WB 1 87.2

Table 4 Freight Summary

Vehicle Class Direction

Weight of Empty Vehicle (Kips)

Total Number of Vehicles

Number of Empty Vehicles

Percentage of Empty Vehicles

Total Weight of Vehicles with Freight (Kips)

Total Weight of Empty Vehicles (Kips)

Total Weight of Freight (Tons)

4 WB 15 533 96 18 15098 1188 4272

5 WB 8 7046 890 12.6 99801 6319 25277

6 WB 19 1556 151 9.7 44943 2565 9124

7 WB 11.5 408 0 0 24073 0 9691

8 WB 31 689 425 61.7 10384 9399 1100

9 WB 33 2510 623 24.8 110870 17485 24299

10 WB 33.5 1296 43 3.3 91610 1167 24817

12 WB 36.5 24 0 0 1503 0 314

13 WB 31.5 91 0 0 7005 0 2069

TOTAL **** **** 14153 2228 **** 405288 **** 100962

Table 5 Gross Vehicle Weight by Class and Lane Vehicle Class WB Driving Lane WB Passing Lane Total Percentage

1 301 381 682 0

2 551804 519822 1071626 50.1

3 326988 295166 622154 29.1

4 12467 3820 16286 0.8

5 72079 34041 106121 5

6 40400 7108 47508 2.2

7 20083 3990 24073 1.1

8 15894 3889 19783 0.9

9 112287 16068 128355 6

10 90287 2490 92777 4.3

12 795 709 1503 0.1

13 6065 940 7005 0.3

TOTAL 1249449 888425 2137874 100

GVW/LANE 58.44 41.56 100 0

Table 6 ESALs by Class and Lane and Flexible ESAL Factors Vehicle Class WB Driving Lane WB Passing Lane Total Percentage Flexible ESAL Factor

1 0 0 0 0 0.0018

2 52 50 102 1.5 7e-04

3 91 77 169 2.4 0.003

4 230 66 297 4.3 1.12

5 816 337 1152 16.6 0.33

6 743 100 842 12.1 1.09

7 312 49 361 5.2 1.77

8 282 49 331 4.8 0.97

9 2018 176 2193 31.6 1.76

10 1339 33 1372 19.7 2.12

12 12 9 21 0.3 1.53

13 98 12 110 1.6 2.25

TOTAL 5993 958 6950 100 13

ESALS/LANE 86.2 13.8 100 -- --

Table 7 Site Summary: Volume and Vehicle Class

Month Total Volume

Monthly ADT

Monthly HCADT

Passenger Vehicles

Passenger Vehicles %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles

Heavy Commercial Vehicles %

Jan 2016 344377 11109 292 335310 97.4 9067.2 2.6

Feb 2016 338248 11664 309 329280 97.3 8967.6 2.7

Mar 2016 377208 12168 316 367409 97.4 9798.6 2.6

Apr 2016 400384 13346 404 388257 97 12127.1 3

May 2016 434524 14017 463 420174 96.7 14350.4 3.3

TOTAL 1894741 -- -- 1840430 -- 54311 --

AVERAGE 378948 12461 357 368086 97 10862 3

ESALs Month ESALS WB Driving Lane ESALS WB Passing Lane Total ESALS Pavement Life Decrease Months

Jan 2016 2526 906 3432 0.3

Feb 2016 2820 707 3527 0.9

Mar 2016 3064 641 3705 0.9

Apr 2016 4464 896 5361 0.1

May 2016 6013 958 6971 0.5

TOTAL 18887 -- -- --

AVERAGE 3778 822 4599 0

Gross Vehicle Weight Month GVW WB Driving Lane GVW WB Passing Lane Total GVW Kips

Jan 2016 912195 712794 1624989

Feb 2016 906138 679233 1585371

Mar 2016 996889 739941 1736830

Apr 2016 1104258 816171 1920429

May 2016 1250525 888512 2139036

TOTAL 5170005 3836650 9006655

AVERAGE 1034001 767330 1801331

Overweight Vehicles

Month Total Number of Overweight Vehicles

Overweight / Total Volume

Overweight / Heavy Commercial Volume

Number Over 88,000 lbs

Number Over 98,000 lbs

Jan 2016 1033 0.3 11.4 3 1

Feb 2016 1057 0.3 11.8 14 1

Mar 2016 637 0.2 6.5 12 7

Apr 2016 727 0.2 6 6 4

May 2016 1020 0.2 7.1 16 9

TOTAL 4474 -- -- 51 22

AVERAGE 894.8 0.2 8.6 10.2 4.4

Freight Month WB Freight Tons

Jan 2016 42363

Feb 2016 43920

Mar 2016 47020

Apr 2016 73670

May 2016 100962

TOTAL 307935

AVERAGE 61587.1