Williamsburg High School for Architecture and Design Mr. Quinn and Ms. Tom 9/30/13.
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Transcript of Williamsburg High School for Architecture and Design Mr. Quinn and Ms. Tom 9/30/13.
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Williamsburg High School for Architecture and Design
Mr. Quinn and Ms. Tom9/30/13
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How do I balance natural decay equations?
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4 = 2 + 2 Y = mx + b 14
6C → 147N + 0
-1e
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XA
Z
Mass Number
Atomic NumberElement Symbol
Atomic number (Z) = number of protons in nucleus
Mass number (A) = number of protons + number of neutrons
= atomic number (Z) + number of neutrons
A
Z
1p1
1H1
or
proton
1n0
neutron
0e-1
0-1
or
electron
0e+1
0+1
or
positron
4He2
42
or
particle
1
1
1
0
0
-1
0
+1
4
2
23.1
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Balancing Nuclear Equations
1. Conserve mass number (A).
The sum of protons plus neutrons in the products must equal the sum of protons plus neutrons in the reactants.
1n0
U23592
+ Cs13855
Rb9637
1n0
+ + 2
235 + 1 = 138 + 96 + 2x1
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2. Conserve atomic number (Z) or nuclear charge.
The sum of nuclear charges in the products must equal the sum of nuclear charges in the reactants.
1n0
U235
92+ Cs
138
55Rb
96
37
1n0
+ + 2
92 + 0 = 55 + 37 + 2x0
Balancing Nuclear Equations
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212Po decays by alpha emission. Write the balanced nuclear equation for the decay of 212Po.
4He2
42
oralpha particle -
212Po 4He + AX84 2 Z
212 = 4 + A A = 208
84 = 2 + Z Z = 82
212Po 4He + 208Pb84 2 82
23.1
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How do I balance artificial transmutation
equations?
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II. Nuclear Transmutations
•Nuclear reactions that are induced in a way that nucleus is struck by a neutron or by another nucleus (nuclear bombardment) a.Positive ion bombardment
- alpha particle is the most commonly used positive ion- uses acceleratorsExamples:14
7 N + 42 He → 17
8 O + 11 H
94 Be + 4
2 He → 126 C + 1
0n
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Neutron bombardment- neutron is bombarded to a nucleus to form a new nucleus- most commonly used in the transmutation to form synthetic
isotopes because neutron are neutral, they are not repelled by nucleus
Example: 58
26 Fe + 10 n → 59
26 Fe → 5927 Co + 0
-1 e
II. Nuclear Transmutations
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Transuranium elements
-Element with atomic numbers above 92-Produced using artificial transmutations, either by:
a. alpha bombardmentb. neutron bombardmentc. bombardment from other nucleiExamples:
a.
b.
4He2
Pu23994
+ Cm24296
1n0
+
1n0
U23892
+ U23992
0 e-1
Pu23994
+ Np23993
+ 0-1 e
14N7
U23892
+ Es24799
1n0
+ 5c.