New information on William Wallace’s rising and execution, and

on King Edward I’s conquest of Scotland

The National Archives

9 May 2013

John Reuben Davies

Dauvit Broun

I. Edward I and the Fealty and Homage of the Scots

THE RAGMAN ROLL

Edward I’s progress through Scotland

March to

August

1286

Berwick Berwick 30.iii – 27.iv; 30.iii – 27.iv; 22-28.viii22-28.viii

Dunbar 28.ivDunbar 28.iv

Roxburgh 7-23.v; 1.viRoxburgh 7-23.v; 1.vi

EdinburghEdinburgh6.vi; 6.vi; 17-18.viii17-18.viii

Stirling 14.vi;Stirling 14.vi;14-15.viii14-15.viii

St AndrewsAndrews 11.viii

Dundee 6.viiiDundee 6.viiiPerthPerth21-24.vi21-24.vi

Arbroath 5.viiiArbroath 5.viiiForfarForfar3.vii3.vii

Brechin 4.viiiBrechin 4.viii Montrose 8-10.viiMontrose 8-10.vii

AberdeenAberdeen14-19.vii14-19.vii

Kintore 20.viiKintore 20.vii

Fyvie 21.viiFyvie 21.vii

ElginElgin26-28.vii26-28.vii

Kildrummy 1.viiiKildrummy 1.viii

Original deed of fealty by James, Steward of Scotland

Roxburgh, 13 May 1296

TNA E39/3/9

The deed of John, brother of James the Steward

TNA E39/3/8

27 seals attached to deed of Humphrey del Bois and men of Dumfries and Lanark

TNA E 39/102/14

The three copies of the Ragman Roll at The National Archives

C 47/23/3, 4, 5

‘Et ego Andreas quondam Guilielmi de Tange, clericus Eboracensis diocesis, sacrosancte sedis apostolice publicus auctoritate Notarius’

TNA E 39/3/49 Notarial attestation of the oath of fealty taken by William of Lamberton, Chancellor of Glasgow, 28 August 1296.

Andrew of Tong’s signum and subscription next to John Bush of London.

Notarial attestation of the fealty of James the Steward of Scotland, Lanercost, 23 October 1306. Note how John Bush gives his colleague the honorific title magister. TNA E 39/3/50

Andrew of Tong’s signum and subscription or eschatocol in Ragman Roll C 47/23/5

Andrew of Tong’s signum, drawn across a seam in the Ragman Roll

John Bush’s signum, drawn across a seam of TNA E39/17/2, a notarial enrolment of the oaths of fealty made in 1296 by Scottish magnates. St Albans.

Ragman Roll, C47/23/5, m. 35 (original foliation)

Interlinear correction to Ragman Roll by Andrew of Tong:

/ Henry de Striuelyn /

Ragman Roll, C47/23/5, m. 35, line 48

Payment of £80 to Andrew of Tong, Notary Public, for making two processes in public form between 1302 and 1306. 6 April 1313.

TNA, E101/369/11, fol. 48r

Memorandum about the delivery of a copy of the Ragman Roll to the Treasury in June 1306

TNA E 368/76, m. 51 Memoranda Roll for 33-36 Edward I

The Three Copies of Andrew of Tong’s Ragman Roll

Kew, The National ArchivesC 47/23/3 (?Chancery copy)33 membranes. Edited in Instrumenta Publica (1839)

C 47/23/4Exchequer copy. 35 membranes. Excerpts printed by William Prynne, Antiquae Constitutiones (1672); calendared by Joseph Bain, Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland, Vol. II (1884)

C 47/23/5 (?Wardrobe copy)41 membranes (some now missing). Unprinted.

Damage to initial membranes of C 47/23/5

First membrane of C 47/23/3Notarial preamble

Decorated capital P in C47/23/5, the longest and most ornate copy of the Ragman Roll.

Privy Seal writ to Robert de Baldok’, archdeacon of Middlesex, and William de Ayremynne, clerks. Orders them to receive the process of Scotland from the earl of Richmond for use in their negotiations, and to cause it to be safely returned. Westminster, 1 March 1321 (French) TNA SC 1/45/201

II. The execution

of William Wallace

23 AUGUST 1305

London, The National Archives, E101/367/16

(Book of payments made by the Wardrobe in years 33 and 34 of Edward I’s reign, 1304–1306)

J. de Segraue {

Domino Johanni de Segraue de prestito super cariagiis circa corpus Willelmi le

Waleys Scoti

in quatuor partes diuisum usque Scociam per manus Johannis de Lincolnia et Rogeri

de Paris

uicecomitum Londonie soluentis ei denariis per breue regis sub priuato sigillo et litteras

patentes dicti

domini Johannis recepcionem denariorum testificantes in Garderoba liberatas apud

Westmonasterium

∙xxiii∙ die Aprilis anno ∙xxxiiito ∙ ____________________________________________________________

xv ∙s∙

 

J. of Seagrave {

To Sir John of Seagrave as an advance for conveying the body of William Wallace the

Scotsman, divided into four parts, to Scotland, the money having been paid to him by John

of Lincoln and Roger of Paris, the sheriffs of London, by the king’s writ under the privy seal,

and the said Sir John’s letters patent testifying to the receipt of the money having been

delivered in the Wardrobe at Westminster on the 23rd day of April in the 34th year [AD

1306] _____________________________________ 15 shillings

London, The National Archives, E368/76 Memoranda Roll, 20 Nov. 1304 - 19 Nov.

1305

Johannes de Lincolnia et Rogerus de Parisnuper vicecomites Londonie computarunthic modo in Crastino Sancti Andree

John of Lincoln and Roger of Paris, lately sheriffs of London, accountedin this manner on the Morrow of Saint Andrew [1 December]

Et ∙xv∙s∙ quos liberarunt Johanni de Segraue mense Augusti anno ∙xxxiii∙ pro cariagio corporis Willelmi le Waleys ad partesScocie , per breue Regis et litteras ipsius Johannis de recepcione. \ Postea allocantur in rotulo ∙x∙s∙/

And 15 shillings which they have paid to John of Seagrave in the month of August in the 33rd year [AD1305] for the conveyance of the body of William Wallace to parts of Scotland, by the king’s writ and the same John’s letters of receipt. \ Afterwards 10 shillings are allowed in the roll. /

III. William Wallace:

PRETENDER TO THE SCOTTISH CROWN?

THE PIPE ROLL OF 33 EDWARD I

The National Archives E372/150

(Pipe Roll of 33 Edward I, Michaelmas 1304–1305)

Ciues Londonie Johannes de Lincolnia et Rogerus de Parys pro eisdem ciuibus reddunt computum [. . .] Et in expensis et misis factis per eosdem uicecomites pro Willelmo le Waleys, latrone, proditione puplico, utlagato, inimico et rebellione regis, qui in contemptum regis per Scociam se regem Scocie falso fecerat nominare, et ministros regis in partibus Scocie interfecit atque duxit exercitum hostiliter contra regem per iudicium curie regis apud Westmonasterium, distrahendo, suspendendo, decolando, eius uiscera concremando ac eius corpus quarterando, cuius quarterie ad quatuor maiores uillas Scocie transmittebantur. Hoc anno sexaginta unus solidi, decem denarii.  

Citizens of London, John of Lincoln and Roger of Paris, render account for the same citizens [. . .] In disbursements and outlays made by the same sheriffs for William Wallace, robber, public traitor, outlaw, the king’s enemy and rebel, who in contempt of the king throughout Scotland had falsely sought to call himself king of Scotland, and slew the king’s officials in parts of Scotland, and also led an army in hostility against the king, by sentence of the king’s court at Westminster being drawn, hanged, beheaded, his entrails burned, and his body quartered, whose four parts were dispatched to the four principal towns of Scotland. This year 61 shillings 10 pence.

Chronicle in Oslo Schøyen Collection

MS 679

Manuscript written in early 16th century

Fos 1v-4r• Early British HistoryFos 4r-5r• Material on Scottish originsFos 5r-16v• List of Scottish kings (to Alexander III) expanded with

material on St Margaret’s English ancestorsFos 16v-17v• Descendants of David, earl of Huntingdon; and of Mael

Coluim III and MargaretFos 17v-24r• Events (chiefly Scottish) 1285–1327 (the ‘Schøyen

Chronicle’)

New information on Wallace

• Anno Domini mo ccico viio Surgunt Scoti videlicet Willelmus Wallace et Ricardus de Lundy subsidium eis congregates et interfecerunt vicecomitem de Lanark die Inuentionis Sancte Crucis

• ‘In the year of Our Lord 1297 the Scots rose up, namely William Wallace and Richard of Lundie, who had gathered together a band of men, and they killed the sheriff of Lanark on the day of the Finding of the Holy Cross [3 May]’

Wallace begins his rising: new information

• ‘In the year of Our Lord 1297 the Scots rose up, namely William Wallace and Richard of Lundie, who had gathered together a band of men, and they killed the sheriff of Lanark on the day of the Finding of the Holy Cross [3 May]’

Some other new information found in the ‘Schøyen Chronicle’

• Seven (not six) guardians appointed by parliament on 28 April 1286

• Simon Fraser captured by English circa 15 August 1306• John Lindsay consecrated bishop of Glasgow on 9

October 1323

New insight on Wallace: He was regularly joint-leader

• 3 May 1297: killing of sheriff of Lanark– with Sir Richard of Lundie

• Attack on Ormsby, English justiciar, at Scone– with Sir William Douglas

• 11 September 1297: Battle of Stirling Bridge– with Andrew Murray (heir of Andrew Murray,

justiciar)

• Oct-Nov raid into northern England– Documents issued with Andrew Murray named first

New insight on Wallace: he became sole guardian by default• 3 May 1297: killing of sheriff of Lanark

– with Sir Richard of Lundie

• Attack on Ormsby, English justiciar, at Scone– with Sir William Douglas

• 11 September 1297: Battle of Stirling Bridge– with Andrew Murray (heir of Andrew Murray, justiciar)

• Oct-Nov raid into northern England– Documents issued with Andrew Murray named first

• Becomes Guardian: Wallace the first ever sole guardian

You can read about this at:

• Dauvit Broun, ‘A recently discovered chronicle of the Wars of Independence’, and ‘New information on the Guardians’ appointment in 1286 and on Wallace’s rising in 1297’

• http://www.breakingofbritain.ac.uk/blogs/feature-of-the-month/august-2011-a-recently-discovered-chronicle/ and http://www.breakingofbritain.ac.uk/blogs/feature-of-the-month/september-2011-the-guardians-in-1286-and-wallaces-uprising-in-1297/

www.poms.ac.ukwww.poms.ac.uk