wiley ch23

Package Title: Testbank

Course Title: pap14

Chapter Number: 23

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory system?

a) Nose

b) Oral cavity

c) Pharynx

d) Trachea

e) Nasal meatuses

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 23.1 Describe the anatomical structure and function of the respiratory

system components.

Study Objective 2: SO 23.1.1 Describe the anatomy and histology of the nose, pharynx, larynx,

trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Section Reference 1: Sec 23.1 Respiratory System Anatomy

2) Which of the following is NOT a conducting zone action?

a) Clean air of debris

b) Conduct air into the lungs

c) Add water to air

d) Warm air

e) All of these are actions of the conducting zone.

Answer: e

Difficulty: Easy


system components.




3) Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the rate of pulmonary and systemic

gas exchange?

a) Partial pressure difference of gases

b) surface are availability for gas exchange

c) Diffusion distance

d) Molecular weight and solubility of the gases

e) All of these are factors that determine the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange.

Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 23.4 Understand the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, including

the involvement of Daltons and Henrys Laws. Section Reference 1: Sec 23.4 Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

4) Which of the following is a passageway for air, food and water?

a) Pharynx

b) Larynx

c) Paranasal sinuses

d) Trachea

e) Esophagus

Answer: a

Difficulty: Easy


system components.




5) Which structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea?

a) Arytenoid cartilage

b) Epiglottis

c) Nasopharynx

d) Thyroid cartilage

e) Paranasal sinus

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy


system components.

Study Objective 2: SO 23.1.2 Identify the functions of each respiratory system structure.


6) The gas law that describes the pressure changes that occur during pulmonary ventilation is

a) Boyles law b) Charles law c) Henrys law d) The inhalation law

e) The law of partial pressure

Answer: a

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 23.2 Describe the events that cause inhalation and exhalation.

Section Reference 1: Sec 23.2 Pulmonary Ventilation

7) Which structure is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi?

a) Trachea

b) Larynx

c) Nasopharynx

d) Pharynx

e) None of these choices

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




8) Which of the following is the primary gas exchange site?

a) Trachea

b) Bronchiole

c) Nasal sinuses

d) Alveolus

e) Bronchus

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy


system components.



9) Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system?

a) stratified squamous epithelium with keratin

b) ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

c) hyaline cartilage

d) mucus membrane

e) bone

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy


system components.



10) Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting

organs?

a) stratified squamous epithelium with keratin


c) ciliated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells

d) transitional epithelium with cilia

e) columnar connective tissue with goblet cells

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy


system components.



11) The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called

a) Carina

b) Secondary bronchioles

c) Parietal pleura

d) Visceral pleura

e) Diaphragm

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




12) Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus?

a) stratified squamous epithelium


c) simple squamous epithelium

d) hyaline cartilage

e) columnar connective tissue with goblet cells

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy


system components.




13) Which of the following are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant?

a) Type I alveolar cells

b) Type II alveolar cells

c) Type III alveolar cells

d) Surface cells

e) Macrophages

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy


system components.



14) Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects pulmonary ventilation?

a) Lung compliance

b) Suface tension of alveolar fluid

c) Elastic recoil of the chest wall and lungs

d) Airway resistance

e) All of these are factors that affect pulmonary ventilation

Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium



15) Which of the following indicates the direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the

lungs?

a) Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide into blood

b) Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide into blood

c) Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood

d) Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium


the involvement of Dalton's and Henry's Laws.

Study Objective 2: SO 23.4.2 Describe the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in external

and internal respiration.

Section Reference 1: Sec 23.4 Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

16) Exhalation begins when

a) Inspiratory muscles relax

b) Diaphragm contracts

c) Blood circulation is the lowest

d) Both Inspiratory muscles relax and Diaphragm contracts

e) All of these choices

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium



17) Which of the following is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume?

a) Total lung capacity

b) Functional residual capacity

c) Inspiratory capacity

d) Vital capacity

e) Minimal volume

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 23.3 Differentiate between the different lung volumes and capacities.

Study Objective 2: SO 23.3.2 Differentiate between inspiratory capacity, functional residual

capacity, vital capacity, and total lung capacity.

Section Reference 1: Sec 23.3 Lung Volumes and Capacities

18) Which of the following is NOT a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas

exchange depends on?

a) Partial pressure difference of the gases

b) Surface area for gas exchange

c) Diffusion distance

d) Molecular weight and solubility of the gases

e) Force of contraction of diaphragm

Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium


the involvement of Dalton's and Henry's Laws.

Study Objective 2: SO 23.4.2 Describe the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in external

and internal respiration.

Section Reference 1: Sec 23.4 Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

19) Which of the following is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport?

a) Bound to hemoglobin

b) Bound to oxygen

c) Dissolved in plasma as a gas

d) Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions

e) Diffusion

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 23.5 Describe how the blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Section Reference 1: Sec LO 23.5 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

20) When blood pH drops, the amount of oxyhemoglobin _____ and oxygen delivery to the

tissue cells _____.

a) Increases, increases

b) Increases, decreases

c) Decreases, increases

d) Decreases, decreases

e) Does not change, does not change

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium


Section Reference 1: Sec 23.5 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

21) Which of the following is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobins affinity for oxygen?

a) pH of blood

b) Partial pressure of the oxygen

c) Amount of oxygen available

d) Temperature

e) Respiratory rate

Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium


Section Reference 1: Sec 23.5 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

22) Where are the nasal conchae?

a) A

b) C

c) T

d) U

e) V

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




23) Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx?

a) V

b) R

c) S

d) Q

e) U

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




24) What structure is also referred to as the Adams Apple?

a) G

b) H

c) I

d) J

e) K

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




25) Where is the larynx?

a) I

b) M

c) L

d) N

e) O

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




26) Where is the uvula?

a) E

b) F

c) Q

d) S

e) U

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy


system components.




27) Where are the palatine tonsils?

a) E

b) F

c) R

d) U


Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




28) Where is the soft palate?

a) C

b) E

c) G

d) Q

e) S

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy


system components.




29) Where is the epiglottis?

a) O

b) R

c) S

d) F

e) Q

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




30) Where are the olfactory receptors found?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

e) U

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




31) Where is the middle nasal concha?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

e) E

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy


system components.




32) Where is the inferior nasal concha?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

e) E

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy


system components.




33) What is E pointing to?

a) Soft palate

b) Ethmoid bone

c) Hard palate

d) Nasal septum

e) Air cells

Answer: d

Difficulty: Easy


system components.




34) What is line D pointing to?

a) Thyrohyoid membrane

b) Corniculate cartilage

c) Cricothyroid ligament

d) Cricoid cartilage

e) Tracheal cartilage

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




35) Where is the cricoid cartilage?

a) D

b) E

c) F

d) G

e) H

Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




36) Where is the tracheal cartilage?

a) J

b) I

c) H

d) G

e) F

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




37) What is line A pointing to?

a) Hyoid bone

b) Trachea

c) Adams Apple

d) Thyroid

e) Epiglottis

Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




38) What is line J pointing to?

a) Right secondary bronchus

b) Left secondary bronchus

c) Right primary bronchus

d) Left primary bronchus

e) Carina

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




39) Where is the right bronchiole?

a) F

b) G

c) H

d) L

e) M

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




40) What lines are pointing to tertiary bronchi?

a) E and K

b) D and J

c) F and L

d) H and M

e) A and B

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




41) What is line B pointing to?

a) Carina

b) Visceral pleura

c) Parietal pleura

d) Pleural cavity

e) Diaphragm

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




42) Which letter represents the primary gas exchange structure?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) E

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




43) What is line C pointing to?

a) Terminal bronchiole

b) Respiratory bronchiole

c) Alveolar ducts

d) Alveolar sac

e) Alveoli

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: 23.1 Describe the anatomical structure and function of the respiratory

system components.

Learning Objective 2: 23.1.1 Describe the anatomy and histology of the nose, pharynx, larynx,



44) Where is the terminal bronchiole?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

e) E

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




45) Which structure provides disease resistance within the lungs?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D


Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




46) Which cells are the main sites of gas exchange?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

e) All of these choices

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




47) Which cell secretes surfactant?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D


Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




Question type: Essay

48) Describe the inward forces of elastic recoil, and explain why the lungs do not normally

collapse during expiration.

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium



Solution: Elastic recoil is the recoil of elastic fibers stretched during inspiration and the pull of

the surface tension of alveolar fluid. Intrapleural pressure is always subatmospheric during

normal breathing, which tends to pull lungs outward and to keep alveolar pressure from

equalizing with atmospheric pressure. Surfactant in alveolar fluid decreases surface tension to

help prevent collapse.

49) Why is epinephrine injected as a treatment for the respiratory signs and symptoms of

anaphylaxis?

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




Solution: Epinephrine enhances sympathetic activity to dilate airways and decrease airway

resistance, which had been elevated by the effects of histamine on the bronchioles. It also raises

blood pressure, which enhances oxygen delivery to tissues by increasing flow.

50) Describe and explain the effects of smoking on the functioning of the respiratory system.

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 23.11 Describe the disorders that affect the respiratory system.

Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect the Respiratory System

Solution: Nicotine constricts terminal bronchioles to increase airway resistance, as does the

increased mucus secretion and swelling of the mucosa. Smoke inhibits the movement of cilia,

which allows buildup of substances and microbes normally removed. Over time, smoking leads

to destruction of elastic tissue, which decreases compliance, and ultimately to the effects of

emphysema.

51) Describe the neural, chemical, and physical changes that increase the rate and depth of

ventilation during exercise.

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 23.7 Describe the effects of exercise on the respiratory system.

Section Reference 1: Sec 23.7 Exercise and the Respiratory System

Solution: Anticipation of exercise generates neural input to the limbic system. Sensory input is

provided from proprioceptors and motor input is provided from the primary motor cortex. As the

partial pressure of oxygen falls due to increased consumption, the partial pressure of carbon

dioxide and the temperature increase due to metabolic activity in muscle fibers. Also, carbon

dioxide is added via the buffering of the hydrogen ions produced as a result of lactic acid

production. Chemoreceptors sense the changes in partial pressure and notify the medullary

rhythmicity center to increase the rate and depth of breathing.

52) In chronic emphysema, some alveoli merge together and some are replaced with fibrous

connective tissue. In addition, the bronchioles are often inflamed, and expiratory volume is

reduced. Using proper respiratory system terminology, explain at least four reasons why affected

individuals will have problems with ventilation and external respiration.

Answer:

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 23.11 Describe the disorders that affect the respiratory system.

Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect the Respiratory System

Solution: Answers could include: reduced compliance (reduces ability to increase thoracic

volume); increased airway resistance (decreases tidal volume); decreased diffusion due to

increased diffusion distance, decreased surface area, and changes in partial pressures of gases

(altering gradients). Other answers may be acceptable.

Question type: Multiple Choice

53) Normal quiet breathing is controlled by the

a) Pontine respiratory group

b) Medullary respiratory center dorsal respiratory group

c) Medullary respiratory center ventral respiratory group

d) Medullary respiratory center dorsal respiratory group and medullary respiratory center ventral

respiratory group

e) all of these

Answer: e

Difficulty: Hard

Study Objective 1: SO 23.6 Explain how the nervous system controls breathing.

Section Reference 1: Sec 23.6 Control of Breathing

54) What area in the figure is the sum of the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve volume?

a) A

b) B

c) G

d) E

e) H

Answer: d

Difficulty: Hard


Study Objective 2: SO 23.3.1 Explain the difference between tidal volume, inspiratory reserve

volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume.


55) What area in the figure is the sum of the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve volume and

expiratory reserve volume?

a) H

b) B

c) G

d) E

e) F

Answer: e

Difficulty: Hard





56) What area in the figure is the sum of the vital capacity and residual volume?

a) B

b) A

c) G

d) D

e) F

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium





57) What area in the figure is the sum of the residual volume and the expiratory reserve volume?

a) H

b) A

c) G

d) E

e) F

Answer: a

Difficulty: Hard





58) What area in the figure represents a very deep inhalation, much greater than the tidal

volume?

a) B

b) A

c) G

d) E

e) F

Answer: b

Difficulty: Hard





59) What area in the figure represents the volume of a normal breath?

a) B

b) A

c) G

d) E

e) F

Answer: a

Difficulty: Hard





60) What area in the figure represents the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a deep

exhalation?

a) C

b) H

c) D

d) B

e) G

Answer: c

Difficulty: Hard





61) What area in the figure represents a very deep exhalation, much greater than the tidal

volume?

a) C

b) H

c) D

d) B

e) G

Answer: a

Difficulty: Hard





62) Which of the following is a forced exhalation against the closed rima glottidis as may occur

during periods of straining while defecating?

a) sobbing

b) coughing

c) crying

d) hiccupping

e) Valsalva maneuver

Answer: e

Difficulty: Hard



63) Which of the following is a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by spasmodic

closure of the rima glottidis, which produces a sharp sound on inhalation?

a) sneezing

b) coughing

c) laughing

d) hiccupping


Answer: d

Difficulty: Hard



64) Which of the following is an inhalation followed by many short convulsive exhalations

during which the rima glottidis remains open and the vocal folds vibrate, accompanied by

characteristic facial expressions?

a) sneezing

b) yawning

c) hiccupping

d) laughing


Answer: d

Difficulty: Hard



65) Which of the following is an inhalation followed by many short convulsive exhalations

during which the rima glottidis remains open and the vocal folds vibrate, accompanied by

characteristic facial expressions?

a) sneezing

b) yawning

c) hiccupping

d) crying


Answer: d

Difficulty: Hard



66) Which of the following is a series of convulsive inhalations followed by a single prolonged

exhalation where the rima glottidis closes earlier than normal after each inhalation so only a little

air enters the lung with each inhalation?

a) sobbing

b) sneezing

c) coughing

d) hiccupping


Answer: a

Difficulty: Hard



67) Which of the following is a deep inhalation through a widely opened mouth producing an

exaggerated depression of the mandible, the precise cause of which is unknown?

a) sobbing

b) yawning

c) coughing

d) laughing

e) hiccupping

Answer: b

Difficulty: Hard



68) Which of the following is a long drawn and deep inhalation immediately followed by a

shorter but forceful exhalation?

a) sobbing

b) yawning

c) sighing

d) hiccupping


Answer: c

Difficulty: Hard



69) Which of the following is a spasmodic contraction of the muscles of exhalation that

forcefully expels air through the nose and mouth?

a) sobbing

b) sneezing

c) coughing

d) sighing


Answer: b

Difficulty: Hard



70) Which of the following is a long drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure

of the rima glottidis, which results in a strong exhalation, pushing the rima glottidis open and

sending a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages?

a) crying

b) sneezing

c) coughing

d) sighing


Answer: c

Difficulty: Hard



71) Which structure in the figure is the hyoid bone?

a) A

b) B

c) D

d) F

e) G

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




72) Which structure in the figure is the ventricular fold?

a) F

b) D

c) C

d) E

e) G

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




73) Which structure in the figure is the vocal fold?

a) F

b) D

c) C

d) E

e) G

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium


system components.




74) Where is the rhythmicity center for respiration?

a) in the medulla

b) in the pons

c) in the cerebrum

d) in the hypothalamus

e) in the cerebellum

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium

Study Objective 1: SO 23.6 Explain how the nervous system controls breathing.

Section Reference 1: Sec 23.6 Control of Breathing

75) With which body system does the respiratory system work to regulate the pH of body fluids?

a) muscular

b) digestive

c) nervous

d) endocrine

e) urinary

Answer: e

Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 23.9 Describe how the respiratory system contributes to homeostasis.

Section Reference 1: Focus on Homeostasis: The Respiratory System

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