CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY. CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY LECTURES.
wiley cardiovascular
Transcript of wiley cardiovascular
Tortora- Chapter 19
Package Title: TestbankCourse Title: pap14Chapter Number: 19
Question type: Multiple Choice
1) Which of the following is NOT a major function of the blood?
a) Transportation of nutrientsb) Regulation of blood pHc) Protection against infectious diseased) Transportation of heate) Production of oxygen
Answer: e
Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.1 Describe the functions of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood
2) Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding blood?
a) The normal average temperature of blood is around 100.4o F.b) The normal pH range for blood is 7.35-7.45.c) Hemocytoblasts are a common component of circulating blood.d) The primary circulating blood cell is the RBC.e) Blood is a liquid connective tissue consisting of cells and a liquid extracellular matrix.
Answer: c
Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood
3) The hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of whole blood occupied by
a) WBCs.b) platelets.c) RBCs.d) plasma.e) plasma proteins.
Answer: c
Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood
4) What percentage of blood plasma is water?
a) 95.1%b) 91.5%c) 88.5%d) 4.9%e) 8.5%
Answer: b
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood
5) Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in disease resistance?
a) Albuminb) Globulinsc) Fibrinogend) Myoglobine) Hemoglobin
Answer: b
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood
6) Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting?
a) Albuminb) Globulinsc) Fibrinogend) Prostaglandinse) None of these choices
Answer: c
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood
7) The process by which the formed elements of the blood develop is called
a) hematospermia.b) hemopoiesis.c) thrombocytosis.d) hemostasis.e) polycythemia.
Answer: b
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells
8) A megakaryoblast will develop into
a) a red blood cell.b) a white blood cell.c) a platelet.d) either a white blood cell or a platelet.e) none of these choices.
Answer: c
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells
9) During hemopoiesis, some of the myeloid stem cells will eventually develop into
a) proerythroblasts.b) T lymphoblasts.c) B lymphoblasts.d) NK lymphoblasts.e) all of these choices.
Answer: a
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells
10) Which of the following hormones stimulates proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow?
a) erythropoietin (EPO)b) thrombopoietin (TPO)c) human growth hormone (hGH)d) calcitonin (CT)e) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Answer: a
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells
11) Approximately, how many hemoglobin molecules are found in each RBC?
a) 50 millionb) 100 millionc) 280 milliond) 320 millione) 430 million
Answer: c
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood Cells
12) Ferritin is a protein used to
a) transport iron in the blood.b) store iron in the liver.c) oxidize iron in the peroxisomes.d) synthesize iron.e) absorb iron across intestinal cells.
Answer: b
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood Cells
13) The major function of red blood cells is
a) nutrient transport.b) cytokine stimulation.c) blood cell proliferation.d) gas transport.e) disease resistance.
Answer: d
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood Cells
14) Towards the end of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, a red blood cell loses its nucleus and becomes a
a) proerythroblast.b) megakaryocyte.c) progenitor cell.d) mature erythrocyte.e) reticulocyte.
Answer: e
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood Cells
15) Which of the following blood cells is a phagocyte?
a) Neutrophilb) Plateletc) Lymphocyted) Basophile) Erythrocyte
Answer: a
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
16) Which of the following blood cells is involved in reducing blood loss from a damaged blood vessel?
a) Erythrocyteb) Plateletc) Lymphocyted) Basophile) Neutrophil
Answer: b
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.5 Describe the structure, function, and origin of platelets.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.5 Platelets
17) Which of the following blood cells release granules that intensify the inflammatory response and promote hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions?
a) Eosinophilb) Monocytec) Lymphocyted) Basophile) Neutrophil
Answer: d
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
18) Which of the following blood cells phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and are effective against parasitic worms?
a) Eosinophilb) Monocytec) Lymphocyted) Basophile) Neutrophil
Answer: a
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
19) Which of the following blood cells are the main soldiers in the immune system defense of the body against microbial invaders?
a) Eosinophilb) Macrophagec) Lymphocyted) Basophile) Platelet
Answer: c
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
20) Which of the following cells is NOT an agranular leukocyte?
a) Monocytesb) Macrophagec) Lymphocyted) Basophile) All of these choices
Answer: d
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
21) The process of a white blood cell squeezing between endothelial cells to exit a blood vessel is called
a) emigration.b) diaphysis.c) adhesion.d) opsonization.e) phagocytosis.
Answer: a
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
22) Which of the following chemical substances are NOT commonly released by mast cells?
a) Heparinb) Histaminec) Nitric oxided) Proteasese) All of these choices
Answer: c
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
23) Which of the following hormones stimulates the development of megakaryoblasts?
a) Erythropoietinb) Thrombopoietinc) Nitric oxided) Human growth hormonee) Heparin
Answer: b
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.5 Describe the structure, function, and origin of platelets.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.5 Platelets
24) Which of following correctly lists the sequence of steps that occur during hemostasis in response to a damaged blood vessel?
a) vascular spasm, clotting, polycythemiab) hemolysis, vascular spasm, platelet plug formationc) emigration, clotting, hemolysisd) vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, clottinge) anemia, hemogenesis, platelet plug formation
Answer: d
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.1 Describe the three mechanisms that contribute to hemostasis.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis
25) The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting are identical after formation of
a) thromboplastin.b) prothrombinase.c) clotting factor XII.d) fibrin.e) tissue factor.
Answer: b
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis
26) Which of the following clotting factors is involved in strengthening and stabilizing a blood clot?
a) Factor Vb) Factor VIIc) Factor XId) Factor XIIIe) Factor XIV
Answer: d
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis
27) Which of the following situations could result in maternal antibodies attacking fetal blood cells during a second pregnancy?
a) Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh negativeb) Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positivec) Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh negatived) Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh positive.
Answer: b
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in blood transfusions.Study Objective 2: SO 19.8.1 Distinguish between the ABO and Rh blood groups.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types
28) Which of the following opposes the action of thromboxane A2 by inhibiting platelet adhesion and release?
a) Heparinb) Fibrinogenc) Plasmind) Antithrombine) Prostacyclin
Answer: e
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis
29) Which of the following substances is an anticoagulant produced by mast cells and basophils?
a) Heparinb) Fibrinogenc) Thromboxane A2d) Prostacycline) Plasmin
Answer: a
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis
30) Which of the cells in the diagram will eventually develop into macrophages?
a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E
Answer: e
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
31) Which of the cells in the diagram will increase the number of nuclear lobes as they age?
a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E
Answer: a
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
32) Which of the cells in the diagram can be subdivided into categories of small and large versions of this cell type?
a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E
Answer: d
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
33) Which labeled cell in the diagram is a WBC?
a) Ab) Bc) Cd) Both B and Ce) All of these choices
Answer: c
Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood
34) Which labeled cell in the diagram is a pluripotent stem cell?
a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) G
Answer: a
Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells
35) Which letter in the diagram indicates the correct position of a myeloid stem cell?
a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) G
Answer: b
Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells
36) Which labeled cell in the diagram will develop into thrombocytes?
a) Gb) Jc) Kd) Le) E
Answer: a
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells
37) What is this figure demonstrating?
a) Erythropoiesisb) RBC differentiationc) Emigrationd) Clot formatione) Clot retraction
Answer: c
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
38) What does this figure represent?
a) Erythropoiesisb) RBC differentiationc) Emigrationd) Clot formatione) Clot retraction
Answer: d
Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.1 Describe the three mechanisms that contribute to hemostasis.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis
39) Which of the following antibodies would you find in the plasma of a person with type O blood?
a) anti-Ab) anti-Bc) anti-A and anti-Bd) No antibodies to ABO blood group antigense) Not enough information to answer
Answer: c
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in blood transfusions.Study Objective 2: SO 19.8.1 Distinguish between the ABO and Rh blood groups.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types
40) What blood type is a person if their plasma contains only anti-A agglutinin?
a) Ab) Bc) Od) ABe) Not enough information is provided to answer question.
Answer: b
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in blood transfusions.Study Objective 2: SO 19.8.1 Distinguish between the ABO and Rh blood groups.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types
Question type: Essay
41) List and briefly describe the major functions of blood.
Answer:
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.1 Describe the functions of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of BloodSolution: 1) Transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, hormones and heat; 2) Regulation of pH via buffers, body temperature via properties of water in plasma, and water balance via osmotic pressure created by plasma proteins; 3)Protection via clotting, antibodies, phagocytosis, and complement.
42) Describe the negative feedback loop that controls the rate of erythropoiesis. Under what circumstances would you expect the rate of erythropoiesis to increase? How would it be possible to tell if the rate of erythropoiesis is elevated?
Answer:
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood CellsSolution: Hypoxia in the kidney leads to secretion of erythropoietin, which targets proerythroblasts in red bone marrow to mature into reticulocytes, which enter circulation to become red blood cells thus increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Tissue hypoxia is induced by any form of anemia (reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood), or when oxygen levels in the external environment are low (e.g., high altitudes). High levels of reticulocytes in the circulation are a strong indicator of increased erythropoiesis.
43) Explain the proposed role of hemoglobin in the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure.
Answer:
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood CellsSolution: The gaseous hormone nitric oxide (NO), produced by the endothelial cells that line blood vessels, binds to hemoglobin. Under some circumstances, hemoglobin releases NO. The released NO causes vasodilation, an increase in blood vessel diameter that occurs when the smooth muscle in the vessel wall relaxes. Vasodilation improves blood flow and enhances oxygen delivery to cells near the site of NO release.
44) Why does damaged endothelium present an increased risk of blood clotting?
Answer:
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 HemostasisSolution: Blood may come in contact with collagen in the surrounding basal lamina, which activates clotting factor XII, which ultimately leads to the formation of fibrin clots. Platelets also adhere to collagen exposed by damage to the endothelium and begin their release reaction
Question type: Multiple Choice
45) When blood from a normal adult is centrifuged as shown in the figure, which of the following components occupies the greatest volume?
a) plasmab) red blood cellsc) plateletsd) buffy coate) white blood cells
Answer: a
Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood
46) What is the normal concentration range of the formed element that comprises the blood component labeled III in the figure?
a) 400,0001 million cells/Lb) 150200 cells/Lc) 4.85.4 million cells/Ld) 150,000400,000 cells/Le) 5,00010,000 cells/L
Answer: c
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood
47) Which of the following blood cell types normally comprises the highest percentage of the blood component labeled II in the figure?
a) eosinophilsb) monocytesc) lymphocytesd) neutrophilse) basophils
Answer: d
Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood
48) Which of the following blood cell types normally comprises the smallest percentage of the blood component labeled II in the figure?
a) eosinophilsb) monocytesc) lymphocytesd) neutrophilse) basophils
Answer: e
Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood
49) Which of the following types of proteins is present at the highest percentage in the blood component labeled I in the figure?
a) globulinb) albuminc) fibrinogend) thrombine) keratin
Answer: b
Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood
50) Which of the following types of proteins is present at the lowest percentage of the blood component labeled I in the figure?
a) globulinb) albuminc) fibrinogend) all of the protein listed are found in equal percentagese) none of proteins listed are found in component I
Answer: c
Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 19.1 Describe the functions and components of blood.Study Objective 2: SO 19.1.2 Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.1 Functions and Properties of Blood
51) Which of the following precursor cells eventually give rise to neutrophils?
a) Megakaryoblastb) Proerythroblastc) T lymphoblastd) Monoblaste) Myeloblast
Answer: e
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells
52) Which of the following precursor cells eventually give rise to the platelets?
a) Megakaryoblastb) Proerythroblastc) T lymphoblastd) Monoblaste) Myeloblast
Answer: a
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells
53) Which of the following formed elements found in the blood are derived from reticulocytes?
a) Plateletsb) Erythrocytesc) T lymphocytesd) Monocytese) Basophils
Answer: b
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells
54) Which of the following precursor cells give rise to agranular leukocytes?
a) Proerythroblastb) Megakaryoblastc) Lymphoblastd) Myeloblaste) None of the selections are correct.
Answer: c
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells
55) Which of the following precursor cells give rise to granular leukocytes?
a) Proerythroblastb) Megakaryoblastc) Lymphoblastd) Myeloblaste) None of the selections are correct.
Answer: d
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.2 Explain the origin of blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.2 Formation of Blood Cells
56) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate bacterial infection, stress, or inflammation?
a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E
Answer: a
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
57) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate viral infections?
a) A & Bb) B & Cc) C & Dd) D & Ee) E & C
Answer: d
Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
58) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate parasitic infection or autoimmune disease?
a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E
Answer: b
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
59) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate cancer or hypothyroidism?
a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E
Answer: c
Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
60) A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate fungal infection?
a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E
Answer: e
Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
61) A low count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate pregnancy, ovulation, or hyperthyroidism?
a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E
Answer: c
Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
62) A low count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate radiation exposure, or systemic lupus erythromatosus?
a) Ab) Bc) Cd) De) E
Answer: a
Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
63) Low counts of which two cell types shown in the figure may result from treatment with cortisol?
a) A & Bb) B & Cc) C & Dd) D & Ee) E & C
Answer: d
Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 19.4 Describe the structure, functions, and production of white blood cells (WBCs).Section Reference 1: Sec 19.4 White Blood Cells
64) Serum is
a) the same as plasma.b) plasma without the clotting factors.c) the same as lymph.d) formed during the first step in blood clotting.e) pulmonary interstitial fluid.
Answer: b
Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.2 Identify the stages of blood clotting and explain the various factors that promote and inhibit blood clotting.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 Hemostasis
65) Reduced vitamin B12 absorption from the small intestine due to reduced intrinsic factor production in the stomach results in condition called
a) hemorrhagic anemia.b) aplastic anemia.c) megaloblastic anemia.d) pernicious anemia.e) iron deficiency anemia.
Answer: d
Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 19.9 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect blood.Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Blood
66) Destruction of red bone marrow due to radiation results in
a) hemorrhagic anemia.b) aplastic anemia.c) megaloblastic anemia.d) pernicious anemia.e) iron deficiency anemia.
Answer: b
Difficulty: HardStudy Objective 1: SO 19.9 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect blood.Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Blood
67) A condition in which inadequate intake of vitamin B12 or folic acid causes production of large abnormal red blood cells is called
a) hemorrhagic anemia.b) aplastic anemia.c) megaloblastic anemia.d) pernicious anemia.e) iron deficiency anemia.
Answer: c
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.9 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect blood.Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Blood
68) Anemia is defined as
a) a condition where blood does not clot properly.b) a condition where blood cells are lysed by the immune response. c) a condition where there is excessive bleeding.d) a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced.e) none of these choices.
Answer: d
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.9 Describe the homeostatic imbalances that affect blood.Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Blood
Question type: Essay
69) List and briefly describe the three mechanisms used to reduce blood loss from a damaged blood vessel.
Answer:
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.7 Describe the events involved in hemostasis.Study Objective 2: SO 19.7.1 Describe the three mechanisms that contribute to hemostasis.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.7 HemostasisSolution: 1) Vascular spasm occurs when circularly arranged smooth muscles in arteriole walls contract to reduce blood loss. 2) Platelet plug formation starts when platelets making contact with collagen fibers from a damaged vessel. This will initiate a series of reactions, which leads to platelet activation and the release of their vesicular content that ultimately attracts more platelets to the area, eventually leading to the formation of a plug over the damaged area. 3) Blood clotting involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions following platelet plug formation. The clot enables the damaged vessel to heal and repair properly.
Question type: Multiple Choice
70) The average life span of an erythrocyte in the circulation is
a) 4 to 5 years.b) 4 to 5 hours.c) 5 to 9 days.d) 120 days.e) 120 weeks.
Answer: d
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.3 Describe the structure, functions, life cycle, and production of red blood cells.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.3 Red Blood Cells
71) Which of the following are characteristics of BOTH erythrocytes and thromobocytes?
a) no nucleusb) large segmented nucleusc) cytoplasmic granulesd) lifespan of 5 to 9 dayse) develop from myeloblastsf) more than one answer selection is correct
Answer: a
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.5 Describe the structure, function, and origin of platelets.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.5 Platelets
72) Which of the following formed elements in blood are removed by fixed macrophages in the spleen and liver after only 5 to 9 days in the circulation?
a) erythrocytesb) thrombocytesc) monocytesd) basophilse) eosinophils
Answer: b
Difficulty: EasyStudy Objective 1: SO 19.5 Describe the structure, function, and origin of platelets.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.5 Platelets
73) A cord-blood transplant involves obtaining the stem cells to transplant into the diseased patient from
a) the spermatic cord of a donors testes.b) the spinal cord of the patient.c) the umbilical cord of a donor shortly after birth.d) the irradiated bone marrow of the patient.e) the spinal cord of an aborted fetus.
Answer: c
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.6 Explain the importance of bone marrow transplants and stem cell transplants.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.6 Stem Cell Transplants from Bone Marrow and Cord Blood
74) If type A blood is infused into a patient with type O blood, which of the following adverse reactions would you expect to observe in the patient?
a) Agglutination (clumping) of the transfused blood cells.b) Complement-induced hemolysis of the transfused blood cells.c) Released hemoglobin clogging the filtration membrane of the kidneys.d) More than one of the answer selection is correct.e) No adverse reactions would occur.
Answer: d
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in blood transfusions.Study Objective 2: SO 19.8.2 Explain why it is so important to match donor and recipient blood types before administering a transfusion.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types
75) Which of the following blood types is a person whose blood cells were agglutinated by both anti-A serum and anti-B serum, but not by anti-Rh serum?
a) AB negativeb) AB positivec) O negatived) O positivee) None of the selections are correct
Answer: a
Difficulty: MediumStudy Objective 1: SO 19.8 Understand the blood groups and blood types and their importance in blood transfusions.Study Objective 2: SO 19.8.2 Explain why it is so important to match donor and recipient blood types before administering a transfusion.Section Reference 1: Sec 19.8 Blood Groups and Blood Types