Wildlife Health in the 21st Century, by Ted Leighton
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Transcript of Wildlife Health in the 21st Century, by Ted Leighton
Ted Leighton
Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative
Western College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Saskatchewan
Canada
6 August 2015
Wildlife Health in the
21st Century
KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
Wildlife Health in the
21st Century
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
“We have recently received, from a highly placed scientific source, a remarkable document. It appears to be the keynote address from a convention of the World Pathogen Association (WPA) entitled:
‘Our Infective Future: The New Agenda’
In it, President Prion, announces a profound change in policy that should be of grave concern to humanity, because it portends a shift in the goals of our major predators. We are grateful to Science for communicating the text in its entirety.” * Science 29 June 2001, Vol. 292 no. 5526 p. 2397
New World Pathogen Strategy Disclosed* (Transmitted by Thomas Eisner & Paul R. Ehrlich)
June 2001
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
Key Points
• “… that most of our natural hosts are disappearing.”
• “… a single species, Homo sapiens, has come to reign supreme on Earth”
• “… we must prepare ourselves to change our tastes, shift hosts, and take advantage of the single most appealing and available addition to our menu”
New World Pathogen Strategy Disclosed
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
• “In extraordinary numbers, they are now undernourished and immunodeficient.”
• “They are on the move, spreading us and providing us many new opportunities …”
• “They expend their medical resources on the few, failing to exclude us …”
• “They misuse antibiotics, blind to our evolutionary capacity …”
• “They are recklessly changing the climate, releasing many of us from our historical geographical constraints …”
“There are many factors that give us hope.”
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
• “All in all, my fellow pathogens, Homo is the opportunity that ultimately can benefit us all. Aside from their prevalence in numbers, they show all the weaknesses that maximize our effective potential … There is a free lunch, and it is them.”
“In conclusion”
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
The Human Population of Planet Earth ~100,000 BCE to 2015 CE
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
The Human Population of Planet Earth ~100,000 BCE to 2015 CE
You Are Here
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
The Human Population of Planet Earth ~100,000 BCE to 2015 CE
?
What Causes Disease ?
Environments
Hosts Pathogens
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
Nipah Virus – Malaysia 1998
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
Nipah Virus 1998
The CAUSE of the Epidemic
• New Large-scale
Pig Farms
• Fruit Trees planted on Pig Farms
PC Bali
Environmental Changes 2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
www.ccwhc.ca - www.healthywildlife.ca 15 2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
What Causes Disease ?
Environments
Hosts Pathogens
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
You Are Here
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
The Human Population of Planet Earth ~100,000 BCE to 2015 CE
?
You Are Here
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
The Human Population of Planet Earth ~100,000 BCE to 2015 CE
?
www.ccwhc.ca - www.healthywildlife.ca 19 2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
Zoonotic: unspecified Zoonotic: non-wildlife Zoonotic: wildlife Non-zoonotic
1940 2000 By Decade
Number of Emerging Disease Events: By Decade
20
40
60
80
100
Jones et al. 2008. Nature 451:
990-994
• 60% Zoonotic • 43% from Wildlife
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
What Causes Disease ?
Environments
Hosts Pathogens
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
What Causes Disease ?
Hosts Pathogens
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
Zoonotic: unspecified Zoonotic: non-wildlife Zoonotic: wildlife Non-zoonotic
1940 2000 By Decade
Number of Emerging Disease Events: By Decade
20
40
60
80
100
Jones et al. 2008. Nature 451:
990-994
• 60% Zoonotic • 43% from Wildlife
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
www.ccwhc.ca - www.healthywildlife.ca 24 Photo: Ian K. Barker
www.ccwhc.ca - www.healthywildlife.ca 25
www.ccwhc.ca - www.healthywildlife.ca 26 Photo: Hamilton Greenwood
National
Program of
Wildlife Health
Management
_______
Coordination
&
Communication
Prevention
Detection &
Surveillance
Response & Recovery
Components of a National Program for Wildlife Health Management
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
National
Program of
Wildlife Health
Management
_______
Coordination
&
Communication
Prevention
Detection &
Surveillance
Response & Recovery
Knowledge Support
Science Research Training
Components of a National Program for Wildlife Health Management
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
National
Program of
Wildlife Health
Management
_______
Coordination
&
Communication
Prevention
Detection &
Surveillance
Response & Recovery
Knowledge Support
Science Research Training
Supportive National Policies
Responsible Parties and Stakeholders Government Ministries Universities Non-government
Governance and Finance
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
You Are Here
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
The Human Population of Planet Earth ~100,000 BCE to 2015 CE
?
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
The Millennium Development Goals
of the United Nations
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• Achieve universal primary education
• Promote gender equality and empower women
• Reduce child mortality
• Improve maternal health
• Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
• Ensure environmental sustainability
• Develop a global partnership for development
Waage et al. 2015, Lancet Global Health
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture
The Sustainable Development Goals of the UN General Assembly May 2015
Wildlife Health in the
21st Century
2015 KVF Jubb Fellowship Public Lecture