WILDLIFE FORENSICS CSI FOR WILDLIFE .
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Transcript of WILDLIFE FORENSICS CSI FOR WILDLIFE .
WILDLIFE WILDLIFE FORENSICSFORENSICSCSI FOR WILDLIFECSI FOR WILDLIFE
http://www.fotowolfie.com/blog/images/20061006220751_dsc_3423.jpg
The student will:The student will:
Identify the various types of skull and jaw bones in their evidence sample
Utilize different types of dichotomous keys
Identify different types of animal hair as to species type
Solve the forensic crime Interpret a topographic map
Skull AnatomySkull Anatomy
Foramen Foramen magnum magnum – large – large opening in the opening in the base of skull, base of skull, spinal cord spinal cord passes throughpasses through
Foramen magnum
Skull AnatomySkull AnatomyZygomatic archZygomatic arch – formed from 2 slender bony processes – formed from 2 slender bony processes
(one from the temporal bone and one from the maxilla)(one from the temporal bone and one from the maxilla)
Sagittal crest Sagittal crest - thin ridge of bone atop and down the braincase
Sagittal Crest
Teeth IdentificationTeeth Identification
IncisorsIncisors – smaller – smaller more vertical teeth more vertical teeth on center front of on center front of jaw jaw (purple)(purple)
CaninesCanines – longer – longer more pointed teethmore pointed teeth
(green)(green)
Teeth IDTeeth ID PremolarsPremolars - flatter - flatter
teeth behind the teeth behind the canines canines (pink)(pink)
MolarsMolars – teeth – teeth further back in jaw further back in jaw (aqua)(aqua)
DiastemaDiastema – gap in – gap in teeth at canines teeth at canines (between (between green green and and purplepurple))
Kinds of molarsKinds of molars
Bunodont: found in omnivores; have 4 cusps
Seleodont: found in herbivores;have ridges
Carnassial: found in carnivores;fit together, shearing edges
Raccoon - omnivoreRaccoon - omnivore
•Facial region is short/wide•Facial length < cranial length•Male skull: 94-125 mm•Female skull: 90-115 mm•Weak sagittal crest
Raccoon skullRaccoon skull
Dental fromula = 3/3 I: 1/1 C: 4/4 P: 2/2 M
Raccoon skull and hair examplesRaccoon skull and hair examples
Bear- omnivoreBear- omnivore Large canines and Large canines and
molarsmolars Small vestigial Small vestigial
teeth behind teeth behind caninescanines
Long, massive Long, massive skull: narrow skull: narrow muzzlemuzzle
Large jaw hinge Large jaw hinge for muscle for muscle attachmentattachment
Obvious sagittal Obvious sagittal crestcrest
Vestigial teeth
Bear- skull and hair samples Bear- skull and hair samples
HairHairCoats can be Coats can be yellow, black yellow, black and blue greyand blue grey
Skunk - omnivoreSkunk - omnivore
•Long, oval shaped skull•Upper jaw somewhat square•1 back molar in upper jaw (most carnivores have 2)2 back molars in lower jaw
Skunk skull and hair samplesSkunk skull and hair samples Hair examplesHair examples
Opossum - omnivoreOpossum - omnivore
•Long snouts, narrow braincase•Prominent sagittal crest•Small incisors, large canines, tricusp molars•Lots of teeth compared to most animals
Opossum- skull and hair samplesOpossum- skull and hair samples
Hair Hair examplesexamples
Cat family- carnivoresCat family- carnivores
Bobcat - carnivoreBobcat - carnivore
Teeth: Teeth: Sharp, pointedSharp, pointed
caninescanines
Skull:Skull:
Short roundShort round
Large eye Large eye orbitsorbits
Bobcat – skull and hair samplesBobcat – skull and hair samples
Cat hair samplesCat hair samples
Dog family - carnivoreDog family - carnivore
Grey Fox - carnivoreGrey Fox - carnivore
Long snout, lyre-shaped parasagittal crestwith a flat area between
Red Fox skull and hair samplesRed Fox skull and hair samples
Red Fox- carnivoreRed Fox- carnivore
Beaver- herbivoreBeaver- herbivore
•Second largest rodent•Very large incisors—continually grow•Very large diastema—no canines•Shape of nasal bones square off the snout
BeaverBeaver
Hair examplesHair examples
Rabbits - herbivoreRabbits - herbivore•Teeth: Two pair of incisors; one large and the 2nd small and peg like•Lacy mesh-like bones
Rabbits- skull and hair sampleRabbits- skull and hair sample
Hair sampleHair sample
White tailed deer- herbivoreWhite tailed deer- herbivore
TeethTeethNo upper No upper
incisorsincisorsLong Long
diastemadiastemaSelenodant Selenodant
teethteeth
Deer hair examplesDeer hair examples
Hollow brittle hairHollow brittle hair
When foldedWhen folded
in half forms in half forms
a teepee or breaksa teepee or breaks
http://www.iamaweb.com/Animal_Hair/Beaver/Beaver_image_menu.html
Skull RecapSkull Recap Identify the skulls that follow:Identify the skulls that follow:
Bear
Raccoon
Rabbit
Deer
Bobcat
Beaver
Fox
opossum
Skunk
Geographic Information Systems Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are causing a mapping (GIS) are causing a mapping
revolution.revolution. GIS makes it GIS makes it
possible to possible to combine layers of combine layers of digital data from digital data from different sources different sources and to manipulate and to manipulate and analyze how and analyze how the different layers the different layers relate to each relate to each other. other.
Crime solvingCrime solving
Police investigators Police investigators link police record link police record systems with systems with geographic geographic information to information to analyze crime analyze crime patterns and help patterns and help solve cases. solve cases.
Contour LinesContour Lines
Portray the shape and Portray the shape and elevation of the landelevation of the land
Topographic maps Topographic maps show the three-show the three-dimensional ups dimensional ups and downs of the and downs of the terrain on a two-terrain on a two-dimensional dimensional surface. surface.
Each contour is Each contour is equal to a line of equal to a line of equal elevation- equal elevation- contours never contours never crosscross
Topographic Topographic contours are shown contours are shown in brown by lines of in brown by lines of different width. different width. They show the They show the general shape of general shape of the terrain. the terrain.
Contours that Contours that are very close are very close together together represent steep represent steep slopes. Widely slopes. Widely spaced contours spaced contours or an absence of or an absence of contours means contours means that the ground that the ground slope is slope is relatively level. relatively level.
Scale and Colors of Topographic Scale and Colors of Topographic MapsMaps
1:24,000 means 1 1:24,000 means 1 in =2000 ftin =2000 ft
Red areas Red areas represent urban represent urban areas.areas.
Roads and Roads and highways are highways are represented in represented in black and red. black and red.
Blue represents Blue represents
waterwater Green represents Green represents
orchards and orchards and forested areas. forested areas.
Purple markings Purple markings are those that have are those that have been been "photorevised," or "photorevised," or added to the map added to the map since the original since the original map was map was published. published.
Thin brown lines Thin brown lines represent contours represent contours or points of similar or points of similar elevation. elevation.
Contour lines form Contour lines form "v" shapes in "v" shapes in valleys or along valleys or along stream beds. The stream beds. The point of the "v" point of the "v" points uphill. points uphill.
Topographic mapsTopographic maps
http://www.topozone.com/map.asp?lat=40.0122&lon=-79.07727&datum=nad27&layer=DRG