Wilderness Wanderings_ Where is Kadesh
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Transcript of Wilderness Wanderings_ Where is Kadesh
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09/14/2015 (09/14/2015T08:51)
“I was forty years old when Moses the servant of the Lord sent me from Kadesh-Barnea to spy out the land; and I brought him an honest
report.”
—Joshua 14:7
According to the Bible, the Israelites stayed at a place called Kadesh following their Exodus from Egypt and wanderings through the desert.
Kadesh—also called Kadesh-Barnea in some Biblical passages —was where Moses’ sister Miriam died and was buried (Numbers 20:1) and from
where Moses sent out 12 men to spy out the Promised Land (http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-topics/bible-secrets-revealed-
episode-2-the-promised-land/) (Numbers 13:26).
Where is Kadesh-Barnea? Investigations since the early 19th century have attempted to find the site. Tell el-Qudeirat, located in the valley of the
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Wadi el-Ein in the northeastern part of the Sinai Peninsula, is the best candidate for Biblical
Kadesh-Barnea, according to scholarly consensus today.
Excavations conducted at Tell el-Qudeirat and its surroundings in 1914 by Leonard Woolley and
T.E. Lawrence and between 1976 and 1982 by Rudolph Cohen have revealed the ruins of three
Iron Age (Israelite) fortresses. However, the archaeologists uncovered no evidence dating before
the 10th century B.C.E.—the time of King Solomon (http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily
/biblical-sites-places/temple-at-jerusalem/searching-for-the-temple-of-king-solomon/). There
appears to be no evidence, therefore, that Tell el-Qudeirat was occupied during the time of Moses
(http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-topics/exodus/who-was-moses-was-he-
more-than-an-exodus-hero/) and the Biblical Exodus (http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily
/biblical-topics/exodus/out-of-egypt-israels-exodus-between-text-and-memory-history-
and-imagination/). What do we make of this?
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In “Kadesh-Barnea—In the Bible and on the Ground” (http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&
Volume=41&Issue=5&ArticleID=3) in the September/October 2015 issue of Biblical Archaeology Review, David Ussishkin, Lily Singer-Avitz
and Hershel Shanks explore the archaeological evidence uncovered at Tell el-Qudeirat. An analysis of the finds—especially the pottery—from the
Iron Age ruins sheds new light on the identification of Tell el-Qudeirat with Kadesh in the Bible.
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In the free eBook Ancient Israel in Egypt and the Exodus (http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/free-ebooks/ancient-israel-
in-egypt-and-the-exodus/), top scholars discuss the historical Israelites in Egypt and archaeological evidence for and against the historicity
of the Exodus.
BAR coauthor Lily Singer-Avitz suggests that several finds discovered in the later strata, including
Egyptian-style seals and seal impressions and local pottery sherds, should be associated with a Late Bronze
Age–Early Iron I period presence at Tell el-Qudeirat. Particularly important are the sherds belonging to what is
called Qurayyah Painted Ware found in different strata throughout the site. As Singer-Avitz argues:
The Qurayyah Painted Ware was in use during the latter part of the Late Bronze and the Iron I periods, from
the 12th to the 11th centuries B.C.E., about the time of the Exodus from Egypt according to those who
attribute some historicity to this central Biblical event.
Learn more about Qurayyah Painted Ware and its importance to the site of Tell el-Qudeirat— Kadesh in the
Bible—by reading the full article “Kadesh-Barnea—In the Bible and on the Ground”
(http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=41&Issue=5&
ArticleID=3) by David Ussishkin, Lily Singer-Avitz and Hershel Shanks in the September/October 2015 issue
of Biblical Archaeology Review.
——————
BAS Library Members: Read the full article “Kadesh-Barnea—In the Bible and on the Ground”
(http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=41&Issue=5&
ArticleID=3) by David Ussishkin, Lily Singer-Avitz and Hershel Shanks in the September/October 2015 issue
of Biblical Archaeology Review.
Not a BAS Library member yet? Join the BAS Library today.
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1. The name Kadesh-Barnea in Hebrew is qādeš barnēa‘. The Hebrew root qdš means “holiness,” “separateness”; the meaning of the second word
is not known. See Dale W. Manor, “Kadesh-Barnea,” in David Noel Freedman, ed., The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 4 (New York: Doubleday,
1992), p. 1.
2. Rudolph Cohen, “Did I Excavate Kadesh-Barnea?” (http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=7&Issue=3&
ArticleID=1) Biblical Archaeology Review, May/June 1981; Rudolph Cohen, “Qadesh-Barnea,” in Eric M. Meyers, ed., The Oxford Encyclopedia of
Archaeology in the Near East, vol. 4 (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1997), pp. 365–367.
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moses-was-he-more-than-an-exodus-hero/)
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/biblical-topics/exodus/out-of-egypt-israels-exodus-between-text-and-memory-history-and-imagination/)
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