Wikimania 2013 keynote: One Internet Two Systems
-
Upload
charles-mok -
Category
Technology
-
view
1.365 -
download
2
Transcript of Wikimania 2013 keynote: One Internet Two Systems
ONE IN
TERNET
TW
O
SYSTEM
S: INTE
RNET IN
CHINA
AND HONG K
ONG
10
/ 8/ 2
01
3 W
I KI M
AN
I A 2
01
3
MY BACKGROUND
• Legislative Councillor representing the Information Technology Functional Constituency of the Hong Kong SAR
• Co-founder, Internet Society Hong Kong
• Honorary President, Hong Kong Information Technology Federation
• Former Chairman, Hong Kong Internet Service Providers Association
INTERNET IN 2013
3
Source: ITU World Telecommunication / ICT Indicators databaseCNNIC, “The 32nd China Internet Development Statistics Report” Jul 2013
40%
of the world’s population
2.7billionUsers worldwide
591 million
Users in China
21.8%
of the world’s internet users
4
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
ONE COUNTRY, TWO SYSTEMS
SPEAKING OF INTERNET IN CHINA WE USUALLY THINK OF THIS…
5
INTERNET IN CHINA: A SNAPSHOT
591 million
Internet users
6
464 million
Mobile phone Internet users
44.1%
Internet penetration
78% Mobile Internet penetration rate
10-39Age group of main
Internet users
21.7hrsof connection per
week on average
Source: CNNIC, “The 32nd China Internet Development Statistics Report” Jul 2013
HOW THE CHINESE GOVT MANAGES THE INTERNET
NOW
Prof. Li Yonggang: the internet as waterworks (治水 )
Guide more than block7
SEVEN SPEAK-NOT SUBJECTS 七不講 AND ONLINE PUBLIC OPINION CENSORSHIP
8
Universal values
Press freedom
Civil society Civil rights
Past mistakes
of the CCP
Crony capitalists
Judicial independe
nce
GFW VS WIKIPEDIA
Blocked 7 times since 2004
Filter and block traffic to sensitive articles
2013: HTTPS encrypted connections blocked
9
CHINA’S CENSORSHIP STRATEGY:TECHNOCRATIC MICROMANAGEMENT
• Appear ‘reasonable’ – less high-handed blanket bans
• More nuanced approach:•Censoring before news happens•Message Control•Downplay sensitive news
10
NEW APPROACH: A SUBTLE, MIDDLE COURSE
Balance between control and economic growth with free flow of information
11
Modulation and fine-tuning carefully selected content
SUPPORT FOR GOVERNMENT FRIENDLY, LOCAL INTERNET COMPANIES
12
NEW INTERNET REGULATIONS IN CHINA
• Real-name system (approved in Dec 2012, fully implement by Jun 2014)
• Draft new Privacy Laws and Draft Internet Privacy Regulations (April 2013)
13
Content monitoring, self-censorship and mandatory reporting of ‘state secrets’ and ‘impermissible contents’ for ‘network and
information security reasons’
CENSORSHIP ON MICROBLOG (WEIBO)
14
Source: JMSC, HKU
EVADING GFW ON WEIBO
Netizens getting creative: ‘hitting edge balls’ (擦邊球 ) Stay roughly within / skirt around permitted boundary of censors
• using images such as animated GIFs
• Creating new terms to represent / describe politicians or incidents
15
HOW DO CHINESE USERS BYPASS THE GFW? BY TAGGING ALONG• Chinese users use tools that the
Chinese government does not want the GFW to blanket block due to economic and commercial interests
• GoAgent, VPNs, HTTPS/SOCKS
16
Source: OpenITP, “Collateral Freedom – A Snapshot of Chinese Internet Users Circumventing Censorship”, Apr 2013
POWER OF CROWD AND INFORMATION
17
Whistle-blowing on social media
HONG KONG:
A NETW
ORKED
POPU
LATI
ON
18
INTERNET USAGE IN HONG KONG: A SNAPSHOT
19
Source: Office of Communications Authority, Apr 2013Census and Statistics Dept, HKSAR, May 2013
85.2%Household broadband penetration rate
77.9%
Household with PC and broadband
30hoursAverage time spent on PCs per week
229%Mobile penetration
65.3%Mobile internet penetration
DENSER, MORE COMPLEX, AND MORE PARTICIPATORYLANDSCAPE
20
Discussion Forums
Social networking
Online media
IM app
Media sharing
NO CENSORSHIP, BUT IS INTERNET
FREE IN HONG KONG?
• Fast and reliable internet connection
• No censorship or filtering of data traffic
• Article 30 of the Basic Law specifies freedom and privacy of communication of HK residents are protected by law
• Yet certain laws govern the use of Internet
21
ALL-PURPOSE COMPUTER CRIME LEGISLATION
Section 161 of the Crimes Ordinance (Cap. 200) (i.e. access to computer with criminal or dishonest intent) that any person who obtains access to a computer:
(a) with intent to commit an offence;(b) with a dishonest intent to deceive;(c) with a view to dishonest gain for himself or another; or(d) with a dishonest intent to cause loss to another,
whether on the same occasion as he obtains such access or on any future occasion, commits an offence.
22
EVERYTHING UNDER ONE UMBRELLA?
23
Computer system hacking
Cyber attacks
Distributing fake government releases online
Taking and storing "under-skirt" photographs
s.161Access to computer
with criminal or dishonest intent
2008 consultation with proposal to impose mandatory filtering at the level of the ISPs' servers
24
PROTECTING THE YOUTH BY FILTERING?
CONTROL OF OBSCENE AND INDECENT ARTICLES ORDINANCE
COPYRIGHT ORDINANCE
AND FREEDOM OF
EXPRESSION
Government consultation in progress: Exemption for
parody, satire and derivative works?
25
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ORDINANCE
Sections of Telecommunications Ordinance are against:
- Willful interception of any message
- Damage, remove or interfere with a telecommunications installation to intercept / discover contents of a message
In relation: Personal Data (Privacy Ordinance)
26
BUT WHO’S THE BIGGEST ENEMY?
27
HONG KONG GOVERNMENT’S INVISIBLE HAND TOWARDS ISP…My question to HK government on user data / content removal requests made by departments and law enforcement agencies to ISPs in the past 3 years revealed…
28
>14,000User data requests
7,000Content removal
requests
Many were made with no
court order
MORE OPENNESS AND TRANSPARENCY, BETTER INTERNET REGULATION
29
The public has the right to know how government actions
affect their privacy and free flow of information
HONG KONG TRANSPARENCY REPORT
30
Gathering, analysing
and publishing legally available data on government
user data and content removal requests
State of transparenc
y between the Hong Kong Govt and technology
and telecommunication
s companies
Protecting the fundamental
freedoms of netizens
4PM TODAY - DISCUSSION ON TRANSPARENCY REPORT
http://transparency.jmsc.hku.hk/
Presentation on Hong Kong’s first Transparency ReportPanel discussion:
• Ying Chan, Director, JMSC, Hong Kong University
• Lokman Tsui, Head of Free Expression, Asia Pacific, Google
• Andrew Lih, USC Professor and author of The Wikipedia Revolution
• Ot van Daalen, Bits of Freedom
31
Where: PQ304, PolyU
ONE INTERNET, MANY SYSTEMS?
32
IMAGE CREDIT
http://www.aqualegion.com/wp-content/uploads/Water-droplet-image-Water-sampling-and-water-testing-in-London-copy.jpg
http://www.elitee2.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Surveillance.jpg
http://blogs-images.forbes.com/greatspeculations/files/2012/02/magnifying-glass2.jpg
http://codeandreload.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/photography_shadow-hand_eclipse_9774.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/China-outline.svg\
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Hong_Kong_Outline_Map.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Wikipedia-logo-en-big.png
http://img.sharpdaily.com.hk/rtn/20130729/large/1375098101_38e5.jpg
http://mappingourworlds.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/internet.jpg
33
THANK YO
U!
34
Charles MokLegislative Councillor
(Information Technology)
Facebook: Charles Mok B
Twitter: @charlesmok