1.Title / Content Area: Whitman Massacre Anticipatory Lesson

2. Developed by: Chelsea Hays, Michelle Annett, Kelly Hathaway, Karen Morningstar, Sonja Ebert

3. Grade Level: 7th Grade Humanities

4. Essential Questions: What was the Whitman Massacre?

What were the causes that led to the massacre?

5. Contextual Paragraph

We have chosen these sources to show the rising tensions between Native American cultures of the Pacific Northwest and the incoming American missionaries. The purpose of this lesson is to challenge students to examine the causes of conflict between these different cultures. This lesson and the document setmeets several Common Core Standards Washington state standards (below).

Annotated Resource Set (ARS)

Phase I

Teaching with Primary Sources - Annotated Resource Set 1

6. Resource Set

Massacre CartoonMap of Whitman

MissionWhitman Massacre

SurvivorsTomahawk

Mr. Ogden’s Address to Native American Chiefs

and their response translated

Personal Letter

Illustration of "the Assassination of Marcus Whitman": from Marcus Whitman M.D.: Pioneer and Martyr by Clifford Merrill Drury, 1937.

From A Survivor’s Recollection of the Whitman Massacre

Back Row: Kimball daughter, Nancy Osborn

Jacobs, Mina Kimball Megler

Front Row: Elizabeth Sager Helm, Lorinda Bewley Chapman,

Gertrude Hall Denny

The tomahawk that reportedly killed Dr.

Marcus Whitman

Mr. Ogden here addressed two Nez Perce Chiefs in

behalf of Rev. Mr. Spalding and party; that they

should be delivered to him on being paid, and spoke

to them at length; the result was that both Chiefs

(James and Himinilpile) promised to bring them

provided they were willing to come.

One page of a longer letter written by…..

http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/

pages/exhibits/50th/whitman/

whitmanintro.html

http://www.archive.org/

stream/survivorsrecolle00sage#

page/n1/mode/2up

http://www.oregonpioneers.c

om/whitman6.htm

http://www.oregonpioneers.c

om/whitman6.htm

http://www.oregonpioneers.com/whitman3.htm

Teaching with Primary Sources - Annotated Resource Set 2

Narcissa letter (edited) Map of Whitman Mission

Burial Mound Whitman Mission Mission Site Proclamation from Gov. Abernathy

A letter from Narcissa to her mother, written in 1840 where she calls the Native Americans “filthy.”

Centennial commemorative map

Mound of earth marking mass burial site of 1847 Whitman Massacre victims, ca. 1880, Waiilatpu, Walla Walla

Whitman Mission at Waiilatpu, ca. 1847Painting by William Henry Jackson, Courtesy National Park Service

Remnants of Oregon Trail at Whitman Mission Site c1993 photo contributed by David "Chalk" Courchane

Oregon Provisional Governor George Abernethy issued this proclamation for the raising of a voluntary militia following an authorization from the Oregon Provisional Legislature. The legislature’s intent was to respond to the Native attack on the Presbyterian mission at Waiilatpu late November 1847, commonly referred to as the Whitman Massacre.

http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/two/whitman2.htm

http://www.oregonpioneers.c

om/missions.htm

http://historylink.org/index.cfm?

DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5192

http://historylink.org/index.cfm?

DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5192

http://www.oregonpioneers.c

om/whitman6.htm

http://www.ohs.org/the-oregon-history-project/historical-

records/proclamation-from-governor-george-

abernethy.cfm

Notes/Comments:

Teaching with Primary Sources - Annotated Resource Set 3

Resource Set

Massacre Survivors (Resource Title Here) (Resource Title Here) (Resource Title Here) (Resource Title Here) (Resource Title Here)

Whitman Massacre survivors and others at

dedication of marble slab over mass grave of those

killed during 1847 Whitman Massacre,

Waiilatpu, Walla Walla, 1897

Courtesy Waiilatpu

(Context) (Context) (Context) (Context) (Context)

http://historylink.org/index.cfm?

DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5192

(Resource Link Here) (Resource Link Here) (Resource Link Here) (Resource Link Here) (Resource Link Here)

Teaching with Primary Sources - Annotated Resource Set 4

Phase II

Foundations Annotations

7. Curriculum Connections

This unit connects to the Washington State History curriculum, specifically in Chapter 5 of the Washington in the Pacific Northwest textbook. This lesson connects to future lessons in which students will learn about the rising conflict between Indians and White settlers in the Pacific Northwest.

8. Curriculum Standards

WA St GLE:

4.2.1 Understands and analyzes how individuals and movements have shaped Washington State or world history.

4.3.1 Analyzes and interprets historical materials from a variety of perspectives in Washington State or world history.

EARL:

Component 4.2: Understands and analyzes causal factors that have shaped major events in history.

Component 4.3: Understands that there are multiple perspectives and interpretations of historical events.

Common Core:

RH.6-8.1: Citing specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources

RH.6-8.2: Determine central ideas or information of a primary and secondary source; provide an accurate summary of the source distinct of prior knowledge or opinions.

RH.6-8.7: Integrate visual information (e.g., in charts, graphs, photographs, videos, or maps) with other information in print or digital texts

Teaching with Primary Sources - Annotated Resource Set 5

9. Content & Thinking Objectives

Learning Target/Objective: I can identify the causes of the Whitman Massacre.

Big picture skills:

o Analyze primary sources

o Cite specific text-based details to support thinking

o Synthesize thinking and summarize information

10. Inquiry Activities & Strategies

Students will engage in inquiry by first activating their prior knowledge about these documents and the Whitman Massacre, and then create new questions regarding these sources.

11. Assessment Strategies

The teacher will assess student understanding through the use of the Exit Slip (Quad Analysis form)

Teacher observation and probing questions will also assist in the assessment of student thinking.

Teaching with Primary Sources - Annotated Resource Set 6

Other Resources

12. Web Resources

13. Secondary Sources

We used a secondary source to give background information about Marcus Whitman.

Marcus Whitman

Born: September 4, 1802, in Rushville, New York

Died: November 29, 1847

In 1843, a long caravan of wagons, animals, and almost 1,000 people headed west along the Oregon Trail. Leading the way was Dr. Marcus Whitman, one of the first Americans to settle in the region

that is now Oregon and Washington. In 1836, Whitman and his wife, Narcissa, had volunteered to bring Christianity to the Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest. They established a mission near

present-day Walla Walla, Washington. Now, seven years later, Whitman was leading the first large group of American settlers to the area. He hoped their presence would lead to U.S. annexation of the

region, which was also claimed by the British.

When Whitman's wagon train reached Oregon's Columbia Valley, the settlers built homes and plowed fields. The settlement flourished, and soon more settlers arrived. But some Native Americans

resented the white settlers, who brought deadly diseases to the region. In 1847, an outbreak of measles killed many Native Americans whom Dr. Whitman treated, but most of the white settlers, who

were immune, survived. The Cayuse Indians concluded that Dr. Whitman was deliberately poisoning them. As a result, on November 29, a group of them killed Marcus and Narcissa Whitman and 12

other settlers.

14. Print and Other Media Resources

We used an excerpt from Ken Burns’ and PBS’ video The West: Empire Upon the Trails. We showed Chapter 5 which is about 9 minutes and available on Safari Montage.

Teaching with Primary Sources - Annotated Resource Set 7

Teaching with Primary Sources - Annotated Resource Set 8

ARS Component Guide

Phase I Components

1. Title / Content Area: Provide the title of the ARS. If the title doesn’t explicitly denote the sets theme, please also provide a content area (e.g. Environment, Government, Immigration, War/Military, Women’s History, etc.).

2. Developed by: Provide your name and any other contributors to the ARS.

3. Grade Level: Provide the grade level(s) for which the set is to be taught.

4. Essential Question: Provide an essential question that encompasses the set theme and that could be used as a launching point for use in the classroom.

5. Contextual Paragraph for Resource Set: Provide a short paragraph explaining the resource set and describing the context in which the set is to be used

6. Resource Set: Provide titles, context, thumbnails and addresses for the specific resources. It isn’t necessary to provide a thumbnail for all resources (e.g. audio and video files). Important: Be sure to use a permanent URL for all resources (Refer to A2.6).

Phase II Components

7. Curriculum Standards: Provide local, state or national standards that could be addressed through the use of the ARS and subsequent activities

8. Curriculum Connections: Provide other curriculum areas to which this set of resources could be applied

9. Content & Thinking Objectives: Provide objectives to be met through the use of the ARS and subsequent activities

10. Inquiry Activities & Strategies: Provide specific strategies and learning activities which the ARS will be used to support

11. Assessment Strategies: Provide assessment methods which will be used to demonstrate student learning after the use of the ARS and subsequent activities

Other Resources

12. Secondary Sources: Provide any secondary sources that could be used to supplement the ARS

13. Web Resources: Provide links to any additional web resources that could be used to supplement the ARS

14. Print and Other Media Resources: Provide other resources that could be used to supplement the ARS

Teaching with Primary Sources - Annotated Resource Set 9