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Timeline of Church History

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ErasTimeline of Church History (Abridged article)

ErasNew Testament Era|Apostolic Era (33-100)|Ante-Nicene Era (100-325)|Nicene Era (325-451)|Byzantine

Era (451-843)|Late Byzantine Era (843-1054)|Post-Roman Schism (1054-1453)|Post-Imperial Era (1453-

1821)|Modern Era (1821-1917)|Communist Era (1917-1991)|Post-Communist Era (1991-Present)|

(Main articles)

This article forms part of the seriesIntroduction to

Orthodox Christianity

Holy Tradition

Holy Scripture

The Symbol of Faith

Ecumenical Councils

Church Fathers

LiturgyCanons

Icons

TheHoly Trinity

God the Father

Jesus Christ

TheHoly Spirit

The Church

Ecclesiology

History

Holy Mysteries

Church Life

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The History of the Church is a vital part of the Orthodox Christian faith. Orthodox Christians

are defined significantly by their continuity with all those who have gone before, those who first

received and preached the truth ofJesus Christto the world, those who helped to formulate the
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expression and worship of our faith, and those who continue to move forward in the unchanging

yet ever-dynamicHoly Traditionof theOrthodox Church.

Contents

[hide]

1 New Testament era 2 Apostolic era (33-100) 3 Ante-Nicene era (100-325) 4 Nicene era (325-451) 5 Byzantine era (451-843) 6 Late Byzantine era (843-1054) 7 Post-Roman Schism (1054-1453) 8 Post-Imperial era (1453-1821) 9 Modern era (1821-1917) 10 Communist era (1917-1991) 11 Post-Communist era (1991-Present) 12 Notes 13 See also 14 Published works 15 External links

New Testament era

Main article:Timeline of Church History (New Testament Era)

ca. 27 BC - AD 180Pax Romana. ca. 4 BCChrist is bornin Bethlehem; 14,000Holy Innocentsslain in Bethlehem. ca. 25-26 Death ofJoseph the Betrothed. ca. 28John the Baptistbegins ministry. ca. 28-30 Three year ministry ofJesus Christ. ca. 30 Martyrdom ofStephenthe deacon, first Christian martyr. 30 Conversion ofApostle Paul.

Apostolic era (33-100)

Main article:Timeline of Church History (Apostolic Era (33-100))

ca. 30-33Holy Spiritdescends on the day ofPentecost. 34Apostle PeterfoundsSee of Antioch. 35 Name Christian first used in Antioch. 37Joseph of Arimatheatravels to Britain and lands inGlastonbury.
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imeline_of_Church_History_%28Apostolic_Era_%2833-100%29%29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Paulhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Stephen_the_Protomartyrhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Jesus_Christhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/John_the_Forerunnerhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Joseph_the_Betrothedhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Holy_Innocentshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Nativityhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Pax_Romanahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History_%28New_Testament_Era%29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#External_linkshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#Published_workshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#See_alsohttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#Noteshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#Post-Communist_era_.281991-Present.29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#Communist_era_.281917-1991.29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#Modern_era_.281821-1917.29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#Post-Imperial_era_.281453-1821.29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#Post-Roman_Schism_.281054-1453.29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#Late_Byzantine_era_.28843-1054.29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#Byzantine_era_.28451-843.29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#Nicene_era_.28325-451.29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#Ante-Nicene_era_.28100-325.29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#Apostolic_era_.2833-100.29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History#New_Testament_erahttp://toggletoc%28%29/http://orthodoxwiki.org/Orthodox_Churchhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Holy_Tradition


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40Apostle Barnabassent from Jerusalem to Antioch. ca. 42Apostle Paul's ecstasy to the third heaven (2 Cor.12:2-4). ca. 46-48Apostle Paul's first missionary journey, withApostle Barnabas. 49Apostolic Council of Jerusalemrules that Gentiles do not have to become Jews before

becoming Christians.

ca. 49-52Apostle Paul's second missionary journey, withApostle Silas.

50Apostle Matthewfinishes theGospel of Matthewin Aramaic. 52Apostle Thomasarrives in Kerala, introducingChristianity to India. ca. 53-57Apostle Paul's third missionary journey (Acts 18:23 - 21:16). ca. 59-62Apostle Paul's fourth missionary journey, voyage to Rome. 62 Martyrdom ofApostle James the Just; crucifixion ofApostle Andrewin Patras. 63Aristobulusconsecrated as first bishop of Britain. 64-68 First of ten major persecutions of the early Church,under Emperor Nero. 66 Flight of the Christian community in Jerusalem toPellaand other places in the

Decapolis, and Antioch.

67 Martyrdom of ApostlesPeterandPaulin Rome;Apostle Linuselected firstbishopofRome.

69Ignatius of Antiochconsecratedbishopof Antioch. 70Apostle MarkwritesGospel;Temple in Jerusalemis destroyed by the Romans;

expulsion of Christians from synagogues.

71Apostle Markintroduces Christianity to Egypt. 80Gospel of Lukewritten by theApostle Luke; Titus dedicatesColosseum, site of the

martyrdom of many early Christians.

ca. 80-90Didachewritten. 85Acts of the Apostleswritten byApostle Luke. 90Council of Jamnia (Javneh)marks final separation and distinction between the Jewish

and Christian communities, including rejection of theSeptuagintwidely then in use

among the Hellenized Jewish diaspora.

95Apostle Johnwrites Book of Revelation. ca. 90-96Persecution of Christians under Emperor Domitian(2nd). 96Gospel of Johnwritten byApostle John. ca. 100 Emergence ofChristian Catacombs. 100 Death ofApostle John.

Ante-Nicene era (100-325)

Main article:Timeline of Church History (Ante-Nicene Era (100-325))

107 Martyrdom ofIgnatius of Antioch; death ofApostle Symeon. 108-124Persecution under Emperor Trajan, continuing under Emepror Hadrian (3rd). 120 Beginning of time of the Apologists:Justin Martyr,Aristides,Tatian,Athenagoras of

Athens,Theophilus,Minucius Felix,TertullianandQuadratus.

124 ApostlesQuadratusandAristidespresent Christian apologies to Emperor Hadrian atAthens.

128Aquila'sGreek translation of theOld Testament. 130ConversionofJustin Martyr.
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odoxwiki.org/Apostle_Lukehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Acts_of_the_Apostleshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Didachehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseumhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Lukehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Gospel_of_Lukehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Markhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod%27s_Templehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Mark&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Markhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Bishophttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Ignatius_of_Antiochhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Bishophttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Linushttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Paulhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Peterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapolishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pella%2C_Jordanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_early_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire#Persecution_under_Nero.2C_64-68_A.D.http://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Aristobulus&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Andrewhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_James_the_Justhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Paulhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Paulhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Church_of_Indiahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Thomashttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Gospel_of_Matthewhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Matthewhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Silashttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Paulhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostolic_Council_of_Jerusalemhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Barnabashttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Paulhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Paulhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Barnabas


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132 Jews, led by Bar Kochba, whom some identify as the Messiah, revolt against Rome. 135Christmasinstituted as afeast dayin Rome. 136 Emperor Hadrian crushes Jewish resistance, forbids Jews from returning Jerusalem,

and changes city name toAelia Capitolina; first recorded use of title Pope for the bishop

of Rome by PopeHyginus.

144 Excommunication ofMarcion.

150Justin MartyrdescribesDivine Liturgy. 155 Martyrdom ofPolycarp of Smyrna. 156 Beginning ofMontanism. 165 Martyrdom ofJustin. 166 PopeSoterinaugurates in Rome a separate annual feast forPascha, in addition to the

weeklySundaycelebrations of theResurrection, which is also held on a Sunday, incontrast to theQuartodecimans.

ca. 175 Tatian'sDiatessaronharmonizes the four canonical gospels into single narrative. 177-180Persection under Emperor Marcus Aurelius(161-180) (4th). 180Irenaeus of LyonswritesAgainst Heresies;Dyfanfirst martyr in British Isles.

180-192Theodotion'sGreek translation of theOld Testament. 193-211Symmachus'Greek translation of theOld Testament. 197Quartodecimancontroversy. 200 Martyrdom ofIrenaeus of Lyons. 202 Emperor Septimus Severus issues edict against Christianity andJudaism; Martyrdom

ofHaralampus of Magnesia.

202-210Persecution under Emperor Septimius Severus(193-211) (5th). 206 King Abgar IX converts Edessa to Christianity. ca. 209 Martyrdom ofAlbanin Britain. 210Hippolytus of Rome, bishop and martyr and last of Greek-speaking fathers in Rome,

writesRefutation of All Heresies(Philosophumena), andApostolic Tradition.

215 Conversion ofTertulliantoMontanism. 225 Death ofTertullian. ca. 225-250Didascalia Apostolorumwritten. 227Origenbegins Commentary on Genesis, completes work on First Principles. 235-238Persecution under Emperor Maximinus Thrax(6th); martyrdom of St.

Hippolytus of Rome.

238 During reigns of Gordian andPhilip the ArabChurch preaches openly andincreasingly attracts well-educated converts.

ca. 240OrigenproducesHexapla. 244PlotinusfoundsNeoplatonistschool in Rome in opposition to Church. 246Paul of Thebesbecomes in Egypt first Christian hermit. 247 Rome celebrates thousandth anniversary, witnessing a period of increased

persecution of Christians.

248OrigenwritesAgainst Celsus that theRoman Empire was ordained by God. 249-251Persecution under Emperor Decius(7th). 257-260Persecution under Emperor Valerian(253-260) (8th). 258 Martyrdom ofCyprian of Carthage. 260Paul of Samosatabegins preaching against the divinity of Christ; Synod in Rome

condemns Sabellianism and Subordinationism.
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264 Excommunication ofPaul of Samosata. 265Homoousiosused for first time by Modalist Monarchians of Cyrene. 274-275Persecution under Emperor Aurelian(9th). 270 Death ofGregory Thaumaturgus;Porphyry of TyrewritesAgainst the Christians. 284Diocletianbecomes Roman emperor, persecutes Church and martyrs an estimated

one million Christians; martyrdom ofCosmas and Damian, Andrew Stratelates ("theGeneral") and 2,593 soldiers with him in Cilicia.

285Anthony the Greatflees to desert. 300 Christian population reaches about 6,200,000, or 10.5% of the population of the

Roman Empire.

301Gregory the Illuminatorconverts King Tiridates I of Armenia to the Christian faith. 302 20,000 Martyrs burned at Nicomedia. 303 Outbreak of theGreat Persecution(303-311) (10th); martyrdom ofGeorge the

Trophy-bearer.

ca. 305-311LactantiuswritesDivinae Institutiones. ca. 306Synod of Elvirarequires clerical celibacy and sets severe disciplinary penalties

for apostasy and adultery, becoming the pattern in the West. 308 PopeMarcellusopposes leniency for Christians who lapsed under persecution. 310 Armenia becomes first Christian nation; persecution of Christians under Persian

KingShapur II(310-379).

311 Galerius issues Edict of Toleration, ending persecution of Christians in his part of theRoman Empire;Donatistrebellion in Carthage.

312Visionand conversion ofConstantine the Great; defeat of Maxentius at theBattle ofMilvian Bridge, making Constantine Emperor of the West; martyrdom ofLucian of

Antioch.

313Edict of Milanissued byConstantine the Greatand co-emperor Licinius, officiallydeclaring religious freedom in the Roman Empire.

314Council of Ancyraheld;Council of ArlescondemnsDonatism. 315Council of Neo-Caesariaheld. 318 Publication ofOn the IncarnationbyAthanasius the Great; beginnings ofArian

Controversy.

318Pachomius the Greatorganizes a community of ascetics at Tabennis in Egypt,foundingcenobiticmonasticism.

320 Expulsion ofAriusbyAlexander of Alexandria; martyrdom ofForty Martyrs ofSebaste.

320-21 Licinius' measures against Christians in the East enforced. 321ConstantinedeclaresSundaya holiday in honor of theResurrection. 323Constantine the Greatbuilds church on the site of the martyrdom ofPeterin Rome. 324Constantinedefeats Licinius and becomes sole emperor.

Nicene era (325-451)

Main article:Timeline of Church History (Nicene Era (325-451))

325First Ecumenical Councilheld in Nicea, condemningArianism, setting thePaschalion, and issuing the first version of theNicene Creed, also establishing the
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g/Pachomius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Cenobitichttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Cenobitichttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Monasticismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Monasticismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Monasticismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Ariushttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Ariushttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Ariushttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Alexander_of_Alexandriahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Alexander_of_Alexandriahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Alexander_of_Alexandriahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Forty_Martyrs_of_Sebastehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Forty_Martyrs_of_Sebastehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Forty_Martyrs_of_Sebastehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Lord%27s_Dayhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Lord%27s_Dayhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Lord%27s_Dayhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Resurrectionhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Resurrectionhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Resurrectionhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Peterhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Peterhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Peterhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History_%28Nicene_Era_%28325-451%29%29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History_%28Nicene_Era_%28325-451%29%29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History_%28Nicene_Era_%28325-451%29%29http://orthodoxwiki.org/First_Ecumenical_Councilhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/First_Ecumenical_Councilhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/First_Ecumenical_Councilhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Paschalionhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Paschalionhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Nicene_Creedhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Nicene_Creedhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Nicene_Creedhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Nicene_Creedhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Paschalionhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/First_Ecumenical_Councilhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Church_History_%28Nicene_Era_%28325-451%29%29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Peterhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Resurrectionhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Lord%27s_Dayhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Forty_Martyrs_of_Sebastehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Forty_Martyrs_of_Sebastehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Alexander_of_Alexandriahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Ariushttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Monasticismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Cenobitichttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Pachomius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=On_the_Incarnation&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Neo-Caesaria&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Donatismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Arles&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Ancyra&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Edict_of_Milanhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Lucian_of_Antioch&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Lucian_of_Antioch&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Battle_of_Milvian_Bridgehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Battle_of_Milvian_Bridgehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Labarumhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Donatismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapur_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Elvirahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Divinae_Institutiones&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Lactantius&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/George_the_Trophy-bearerhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/George_the_Trophy-bearerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianic_Persecutionhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Gregory_the_Illuminator&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Anthony_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Cosmas_and_Damian_%28Rome%29&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Diocletianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyry_of_Tyrehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Gregory_the_Wonderworkerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_early_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire#Persecution_under_Aurelianhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Homoousioshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Paul_of_Samosata


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supremacy of honor of the Apostolic Sees as Rome, followed by Alexandria, Antioch,

and Jerusalem.

326 Discovery of theTrue Crossby the EmpressHelena; King Miraeus of Georgiabecomes Christian.

328Athanasius the Greatbecomes bishop of Alexandria.

329AthanasiusordainsFrumentius(Abba Selama) topriesthoodand commissions him toevangelize Ethiopia.

330 Byzantium refounded as Constantinople / New Rome, Christian capital of the RomanEmpire, and is dedicated to theTheotokosby EmperorConstantine; Amoun andMacarius the Greatfound monasteries in the Egyptian desert.

336-338Athanasius the Greatgoes into exile in Treves, telling Europeans about themonastic rule ofPachomius the Great, awakening interest inmonasticismin Europe.

337 Death ofConstantine. 340 Conversion ofWulfilatoArianism. 341Council of Antiochheld; Emperor Constans bans pagan sacrifices and magic rituals

under penalty of death.

345 Death ofNicholas of Myra.

348 Death ofPachomius the GreatandSpyridon of Trimythous. 350Ninianestablishes the church Candida Casa at Whithorn in Galloway, Scotland,

beginning the missionary effort to the Picts.

351 Apparition of theCrossover Jerusalem. 355 Death ofNino of Cappadocia. 356 Death ofAnthony the Great. 357Council of SirmiumissuesBlasphemy of Sirmium. 358Basil the Greatfounds monastery of Annesos in Pontus, the model for Eastern

monasticism.

359 Councils ofSeleuciaandRimini. 360Martin of Toursfounds first French monastery at Liguge; first church ofHagia

Sophiainaugurated by EmperorConstantius II.

362 Antiochian schism (362-414). 361-63Julian the Apostatebecomes Roman emperor and attempts to restore paganism. 363 EmperorJovianreestablishes Christianity as the official religion of the Empire. 364Council of Laodiceaheld. 367Athanasius of AlexandriawritesPaschalletter, listing for the first time thecanonof

theNew Testament; death ofHilary of Poitiers.

373 Death ofAthanasius the GreatandEphrem the Syrian. 374 Election ofAmbroseas bishop of Milan. 375Basil the GreatwritesOn the Holy Spirit. 376 Visigoths convert toArianChristianity. 379 Death ofBasil the Great; Emperor Gratian's rescript Ordinariorum Sententias

extends power of Bishop of Rome by allowing him authority over bishops within his own

jurisdiction.

380 Christianity established as the official faith of the Roman Empire by EmperorTheodosius the Great;Council of SaragossacondemnsPriscillianism.

381Second Ecumenical Councilheld in Constantinople, condemningMacedonianism/PneumatomachianismandAppollinarianism, declaring the divinity of
http://orthodoxwiki.org/True_Crosshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/True_Crosshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/True_Crosshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Helenhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Helenhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Helenhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_of_Alexandriahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_of_Alexandriahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_of_Alexandriahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Frumentius&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Frumentius&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Frumentius&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Priesthttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Priesthttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Priesthttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Theotokoshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Theotokoshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Theotokoshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Macarius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Macarius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Pachomius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Pachomius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Pachomius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Monasticismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Monasticismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Monasticismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Wulfilahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Wulfilahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Wulfilahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Antioch&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Antioch&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Antioch&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Nicholas_of_Myrahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Nicholas_of_Myrahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Nicholas_of_Myrahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Pachomius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Pachomius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Pachomius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Spyridon_of_Trimythoushttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Spyridon_of_Trimythoushttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Spyridon_of_Trimythoushttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Ninian&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Ninian&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Ninian&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Crosshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Crosshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Crosshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Nino_of_Cappadociahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Nino_of_Cappadociahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Nino_of_Cappadociahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Anthony_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Anthony_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Anthony_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Sirmium&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Sirmium&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Sirmium&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Monasticismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Monasticismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Council_of_Seleuciahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Council_of_Seleuciahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Council_of_Seleuciahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Council_of_Riminihttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Council_of_Riminihttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Council_of_Riminihttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Martin_of_Tourshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Martin_of_Tourshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Martin_of_Tourshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Hagia_Sophia_%28Constantinople%29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Hagia_Sophia_%28Constantinople%29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Hagia_Sophia_%28Constantinople%29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Hagia_Sophia_%28Constantinople%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_IIhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Julian_the_Apostatehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Julian_the_Apostatehttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Julian_the_Apostatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovianhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Laodicea&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Laodicea&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Laodicea&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_of_Alexandriahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_of_Alexandriahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_of_Alexandriahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Paschahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Paschahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Paschahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Canonhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Canonhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Canonhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/New_Testamenthttp://orthodoxwiki.org/New_Testamenthttp://orthodoxwiki.org/New_Testamenthttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Hilary_of_Poitiershttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Hilary_of_Poitiershttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Hilary_of_Poitiershttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Ephrem_the_Syrianhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Ephrem_the_Syrianhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Ephrem_the_Syrianhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Ambrose_of_Milanhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Ambrose_of_Milanhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Ambrose_of_Milanhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/On_the_Holy_Spirithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/On_the_Holy_Spirithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/On_the_Holy_Spirithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Theodosius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Theodosius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Saragossa&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Saragossa&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Saragossa&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Priscillianism&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Priscillianism&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Priscillianism&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Second_Ecumenical_Councilhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Second_Ecumenical_Councilhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Second_Ecumenical_Councilhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Pneumatomachianism&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Pneumatomachianism&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Appollinarianism&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Appollinarianism&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Appollinarianism&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Appollinarianism&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Pneumatomachianism&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Second_Ecumenical_Councilhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Priscillianism&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Saragossa&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Theodosius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/On_the_Holy_Spirithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Ambrose_of_Milanhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Ephrem_the_Syrianhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Hilary_of_Poitiershttp://orthodoxwiki.org/New_Testamenthttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Canonhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Paschahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_of_Alexandriahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Laodicea&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovianhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Julian_the_Apostatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_IIhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Hagia_Sophia_%28Constantinople%29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Hagia_Sophia_%28Constantinople%29http://orthodoxwiki.org/Martin_of_Tourshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Council_of_Riminihttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Council_of_Seleuciahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Monasticismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Sirmium&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Anthony_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Nino_of_Cappadociahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Crosshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Ninian&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Spyridon_of_Trimythoushttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Pachomius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Nicholas_of_Myrahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Antioch&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Arianismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Wulfilahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Monasticismhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Pachomius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Macarius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Constantine_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Theotokoshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Priesthttp://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Frumentius&action=edithttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_of_Alexandriahttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Athanasius_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Helenhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/True_Cross


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the Holy Spirit, confirming the previousEcumenical Council, and completing the

Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed;Council of Aquileialed byAmbrose of MilandeposesArian bishops.

382 PopeSiricius of Romefirst to bear title Pontifex Maximus. 383 Death ofFrumentius of Axum, bishop of Axum and Apostle to Ethiopia.

384 Council of Bordeaux condemnsPriscillian. 385 Death ofGregory of Nyssa. 386 Death ofCyril of Jerusalem. 387Augustinebaptized byAmbrose of Milan. 391 Death ofGregory the Theologian. 391-92 Closing of all non-Christian temples in the Empire;Theodosius the Greatends

pagan Eleusinian Mysteries by decree and causes surviving pagan sacrifices atAlexandria and Rome to cease.

392 Death ofMacarius the Great. 393Council of Hippopublishes Biblical canon; Emperor Theodosius bans Olympic

Games as a pagan festival.

394Epiphanius of Salamisattacks teachings ofOrigenas heretical; Council ofConstantinople held;DonatistCouncil of Bagaiin Africa held.

395Augustinebecomes bishop of Hippo in North Africa; placing of the cincture of theTheotokosin the Church of the Virgin in Halkoprateia-Constantinople.

395 Re-division of Empire with death of Emperor Theodosius the Great. 397Council of Carthagepublishes Biblical canon; death ofMartin of ToursandAmbrose

of Milan.

398John ChrysostombecomesArchbishopof Constantinople. ca. 398 Martyrdom of 10,000 Fathers of the Scetis by PatriarchTheophilus of

Alexandria.

399Anastasius of Romeand other bishops condemn doctrine ofOrigen. 401Augustine of Hippowrites Confessions; PopeInnocent I of RomesupportsJohn

Chrysostomand condemnspelagianism.

402Porphyry of Gazaobtains imperial decree ordering closing of pagan temples in Gaza. 403 Abduction ofPatrickto Irelande; visit ofVictricius of Rouento Britain;Synod of the

Oakheld near Chalcedon, deposing and exilingJohn Chrysostom.

404 Martyrdom ofTelemachus, resulting in Emperor Honorius' edict banning gladiatorfights.

405 Translation ofHoly Scripturesinto Latin as theVulgatebyJerome. 407 Death ofJohn Chrysostomin exile. 410 Fall of Rome to the Visigoths under Alaric I; escape ofPatrickback to Britain;

Emperor Honorius tells Britain to attend to its own affairs, effectively removing the

Roman presence.

410Council of Seleuciadeclares MesopotamianNestorianbishops independent ofOrthodox bishops.

411Pelagiuscondemned at council in Carthage;Rabbulabecomes bishop of Edessa. 412Cyrilsucceeds his uncle Theophilus as Pope of Alexandria; Honorius outlaws

Donatism; Bishops Lazarus of Aix-en-Provence and Herod of Arles expelled from sees

on a charge ofManichaeism;Alexandrian Creation Eradate finalized at 25 March, 5493

BC.
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414 Resolution of Antiochian division. 415Pelagiuscleared atsynodin Jerusalem and a provincial synod in Diospolis (Lydda);

John Cassianfounds convent at Marseilles.

416 Councils in Carthage and Milevis condemnPelagiusand convince Pope Innocent I ofRome to excommunicate him.

418 Foundation of the ArianVisigothic Kingdom, as Emperor Honorius rewards Visigothfederates by giving them land in Gallia Aquitania on which to settle.

418-24 Council in Carthage anathematizesPelagianismby way of endorsingAugustiniananthropology.

426Augustine of Hippowrites The City of God. 428Nestoriusbecomes patriarch of Constantinople. 429 PopeCelestine Idispatches prominent Gallo-Roman BishopsGermanus of Auxerre

and Lupus of Troyes to Britain as missionary bishops and to combat thePelagianheresy;

death ofSisoes the Great.

430Peter the Iberianfounds Georgian monastery near Bethlehem. 431Third Ecumenical Councilheld in Ephesus, condemningNestorianismand

Pelagianism, confirming the use of the termTheotokosto refer to the Virgin Mary, andconfirmingautocephalyofChurch of Cyprus; Pope Celestine sendsPalladiusto Ireland.

432 Return ofPatrickto Ireland to begin missionary work; death ofNinian, Apostle tothe Picts.

433Formulary of Peacecompletes work ofThird Ecumenical Councilby reconcilingCyril of AlexandriawithJohn of Antioch.

435 Death ofJohn CassianandAcacius of Melitene;Nestoriusexiled by imperial edict toa monastery in a Sahara oasis.

438Codex Theodosianuspublished. 439 Carthage falls to Vandals. 444 Death ofCyril of Alexandria; PopeLeo the Greatabolishes Gallican vicariate. 445 Founding of monastery at Armagh in northern Ireland; Emperor Valentinian III

issues decree recognizing primacy of the bishop of Rome.

447 Earthquake in Constantinople, when a boy was lifted up to heaven and heard theTrisagion.

449Robber Synod of Ephesus, presided over byDioscorus of Alexandria, with an orderfrom the emperor to acquitEutychestheMonophysite.

450 First monasteries established in Wales; death ofPeter Chrysologus.

Byzantine era (451-843)

Main article:Timeline of Church History (Byzantine Era (451-843))

451Fourth Ecumenical Councilmeets at Chalcedon, condemningEutychianismandMonophysitism, affirming doctrine of two perfect and indivisible but distinct natures in

Christ, and recognizingChurch of Jerusalemas patriarchate.

452Proterios of Alexandriaconvenes synod in Alexandria to reconcile Chalcedoniansand non-Chalcedonians; second finding of the Head ofJohn the Forerunner.

457 Victorius of Aquitania computes newPaschalion; first coronation of ByzantineEmperor by patriarch of Constantinople.
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