Wiki anatomical structures Ppt
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Transcript of Wiki anatomical structures Ppt
The Digestive System
Introduction
• This comprises organs that break down and digest food, and remove unabsorbed wastes from the body. Its main feature is the alimentary canal (gut) measuring about 30 feet (9m) in length.
Anatomical Structure Overview 1
• Mouth cavity: Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, and other structures begin processing food for swallowing.
• Esophagus: Connects the throat and the stomach. Food is moved by an action called “peristalsis”.
• Stomach: Food is churned, disinfected, and begins to digest.
Anatomical Structure Overview 2
• Sphincters: Rings of muscle that close at the junction of the stomach, the duodenum, and the anus.
• Digestive juices: Saliva, gastric, sm. Intestine, and pancreatic juices contain enzymes for digesting specific food substances.
• Small intestine: Approx 21 ft (6.5m) in length, and connects the stomach and lg. intestine. Subdivisions (beginning from the stomach) are the duodenum, the jejunum, and ileum. Most digestion occurs here.
Anatomical Structure Overview 3
• Large intestine: Approximately 5 ft (1.5m) in length, and runs from the ileum to the rectum. Main sections are the cecum, the ascending, transverse, and descending colon, and the sigmoid flexure.
• Appendix: A narrow tube projecting from the cecum.
• Rectum: Extends from the sigmoid flexure and ends at the anus.
Anatomical Structure Overview 4
• Liver: This large organ in the upper part of the abdomen secretes bile and stores vitamins.
• Gall bladder: This sac, located behind the liver, stores bile to be released into the duodenum.
• Pancreas: A large gland that secretes insulin and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: KEY DIAGRAM
1. Salivary gland
2. Teeth
3. Esophagus
4. Stomach
5. Liver
6. Pancreas
7. Gall bladder
8. Duodenum
9. Jejunum
10. Ileum
11. Cecum
12. Colon
13. Appendix
14. Rectum
15. Anus
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I
1. Liver
2. Stomach
3. Small Intestine
4. Large Intestine
4a. Ascending Colon
4 b. Transverse Colon
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM II
1. Kidneys
2. Descending Colon
3. Ilium
4. Anus
5. Rectum
6. Appendix
7. Sacrum
8. Ascending Colon
POSITION OF DIGESTIVE SPHINCTERS
1. Esophageal sphincter
2. Cardiac sphincter
3. Pyloric sphincter
4. Sphincter of the hepatopancreatic
ampulla
5. Ileocecal valve
6. Anal sphincter
KEY STRUCTURES OF THE STOMACH
1. Cardiac notch
2. Cardiac portion
3. Fundus
4. Body
5. Angular notch
6. Pyloric portion
7. Pyloric sphincter
8. Pylorus
9. Greater Curvature
10. Lesser Curvature
DIGESTIVE JUICES
1. Mouth: Chewing helps to break down food
2. Stomach: Enzymes in gastric juice further break food down
3. Sm. Intestine: Enzymes in pancreatic and intestinal juices convert proteins into amino acids
4. Absorption through intestinal lining into the portal (liver) system
5. Portal vein
6. Liver: Amino acids made into useful proteins, stored as fat, or excreted as urine
INTESTINAL STRUCTURES
1. Sm. Intestine
1a. Duodenum
1b. Jejunum
1c. Ileum
2. Lg. Intestine
2a. Cecum
2b. Appendix
2c. Ascending colon
2d. Transverse colon
2e. Descending colon
2f. Anus
GALL & BILIARY TREE
1. Esophagus
2. Liver
3. Stomach
4. Hepatic duct
5. Cystic duct
6. Gall bladder
7. Common bile duct
8. Pancreas
9. Pancreatic duct
10. Duodenum