Why Terminology matters in Journalism€¦ · terminology for any person who is not a citizen or...
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Jessica Mariani University of Verona [email protected] @MarianiJS The battle over language in the press Why Terminology matters in Journalism
Transcript of Why Terminology matters in Journalism€¦ · terminology for any person who is not a citizen or...
Jessica MarianiUniversity of [email protected]@MarianiJS
The battle over language in the pressWhy Terminology matters in Journalism
Academic References
Key Issues
Debate
Jessica Mariani
1. Interdisciplinarity
Journalism/ Translation Communication
Terminology
Jessica Mariani
COMMUNICATION
(Companies, NGOs, Journalism)
Clarity
Accuracy Language
MULTILINGUALISM
(EU context)
24 official languages
Master in Learning and Communication in Multilingual ContextsUniversity of Luxembourg
Jessica Mariani
2. Translation is the language of EuropeU. Eco – semiologist (1932-2016)
Jessica Mariani
Ph.D Program in Modern Foreign Languages, Literaturesand Cultures - University of Verona
“Building a European Perspective in News Translation”
How translated information fows accross the EU
Jessica Mariani
TranslationStudies
JournalismStudies
Interdisciplinary PhD Project
Methodology Research Focus
Duration
Ethnography
Ofcial Agreement with European Parliament
Press Unit andTermCoord
Role of translation in the information flow from EU Institutions to EU media and citizens
3 Years
3. Ethnography in a nutshell
Malinowski (1922), Levi Strauss (1955)
Traditional anthropology and ethnographic work wereoriginally related to studying foreign and exotic tribes
Linguistic ethnography – Koskinen (2008)EU Translation: “Method for contextualizing EU
translation and understanding the cultural context inwhich EU translators work”
FIELDWORK: Observation practices,questionnaires,round tables, interviews
Jessica Mariani
“Trans-editors”common ground for journalists and translators
Speaker: Jessica MarianiContact: [email protected]
Twitter: @MarianiJS
Translating Europe Forum 2015
News Translation30 years of research
“Trans-editor”Stetting, K. – 1989
“Trans-reporter”Caimotto M.C. - 2010
(University of Turin)
“Journalator”
van Doorslaer L. - 2012
(KU Leuven)
Jessica Mariani
TS & Journalism Studies
Bielsa & Bassnett (2008)Bielsa & Bassnett (2008)““Translation in Global News”Translation in Global News”
International ConferenceInternational Conference@University of Warwick @University of Warwick
2323rdrd June 2006 June 2006
Jessica Mariani
News Translation is identifed as a collective efort made by media professionals
(Kang: 2007)
Three-phase information fow process
Institution/Organization Press Service
Press Service Media Media Readership
4. Who is the News Translator?
Journalists do not defne themselves as translators
They usually identify themselves as
INTERNATIONAL JOURNALISTSMULTILINGUAL JOURNALISTS
Translator's activity
invisible practice in newsroomshardly ever reportedautomatic practice
Interaction: journalists, translators, interpreters Jessica Mariani
Selection Addition
Omission/Neutralisation Adaptation
Explicitation Focalisation
RecontextualizationJessica Mariani
Translator's version
La crisi dei migranti è un problema anche dell’America
My Re-translation
Migrant crisis is America's problem, too
i paesi europei non stanno facendo abbastanza per aiutare chi afrontaquei pericolosi viaggi nella speranza di trovare una vita migliore nel
vecchio continente.
My Re-translation
European nations aren't doing more to help those making perilousjourneys in the hope of a better life in the continent.
Source: “Internazionale” (Issue 1119, 11-17th sept 2015)
Migrant
European Migration Network (EC)
Asylum Seeker
Oxford English Dictionary
MIGRANT = one who moves, either temporarily orpermanently, from one place, area, or country of
residence to another
REFUGEE = A person who has been forced to leavetheir country in order to escape war, persecution, or
natural disaster
ASYLUM SEEKER = A person who has left their homecountry as a political refugee and is seeking asylum
in another
Media Responsibility?
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCYmz1fXOiU
Migration in the News
A Study from the University of Oxfordhttp://www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/reports/migration-newsn-
news
58,000 UK newspaper articles
“ILLEGAL” the most common descriptor for the word
IMMIGRANTS and MIGRANTS
“FAILED”the most common word associated with ASYLUM
Don Flynn: director of Migrants Rights Network
"The term is dangerous. It's better to say irregularor undocumented migrants.
Calling someone an illegal immigrant associatesthem with criminal behaviour, he adds.”
Zoe Grumbridge: Refugee Action
"Once you've entered the UK and claimed asylum,you are not illegal. Even if your asylum claim isrefused, you still can't be an illegal migrant."
Other critics of the phrase say that it gives theimpression that it's the person that is illegal
rather than their actions.
ALIEN
“Alien was used regularly in the UKpress before World War Two”, saysPanikos Panayi , professor ofEuropean history at De MontfortUniversity.
"The frst major immigration act [in theUK] was called the Aliens Act 1905,"he says.
But in the US, alien remains ofcialterminology for any person who isnot a citizen or national
Why Researching News Translation?
Translation strategies
might mitigate or reinforce political or ideological tensions They are infuenced by ideologies and values upheld
by the media
Translation takes place across linguistic and socio-cultural patterns that can alter the semantics of words
and provoke fact distortion
Sapir (1956) Theory about linguistic diference:
“No two languages are ever sufciently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The words in which diferent societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with diferent labels attached”
Push the botton!
Should Translation be visible in the
Information fow?
Should journalists be trained to
translate?
4. Why is Terminology so important?
UNDERSTAND TO BE UNDERSTOODLANGUAGE REFLECTS SOCIAL CHANGE
REDUCES MISUNDERSTANDINGSSPECIFIC LEXICON vs COMMON LEXICON
It improves COMMUNICATION,especially in MULTILINGUAL CONTEXTS
Bibliografic References
Basil, H. (1997). The Translator as Communicator. London:Routledge
Bassnett, S. (2005). Bringing the news back home: Strategies ofacculturation and foreignisation. Language and InterculturalCommunication, 5(2), 120–130. doi:10.1080/14708470508 668888
Bielsa, E., & Bassnett, S. (2009). Translation in global news. London:Routledge
Blackedge, A. (2005). Discourse and Power in a Multilingual World.(Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 15) Amsterdam,Philadelphia: John Benjamins
Conway, K. (2005). Assessing apparently equivalent translation in news media. Meta, 50(4). doi:10.7202/019834ar
Fairclough, N. (2001). Language and Power. London: Longman.
Kang, J.-H. (2007). Recontextualization of news discourse: A case study oftranslation of news discourse in North Korea. The Translator, 13(2), 219–242.doi:10.1080/13556509.2007.107 99239
Koskinen, K. (2008). Translating Institutions: an ethnographicstudy of EU translation. Manchester: St. Jerome
Machill, M. (1998) Euronews: The frst European news channel as a casestudy for media industry development in Europe and for spectra oftransnational journalism research. Media, Culture & Society, 20(3), 427–450.Doi:10.1177/016344398020003005
Richardson, J. E. (2010). Language and Journalism. London: Routledge
Schafner, C., (2001), Translation and the EU. Meta (9), 4:247-261
Schafner, C. (2012a). Rethinking transediting. Meta, 57, 866–883.doi:10.7202/1021222ar
