Why Our Memory Fails Us
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Transcript of Why Our Memory Fails Us
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Why Our Memory Fails UsWhy Our Memory Fails UsPsychology
Miss Gardner
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Warm-UpWarm-UpWhat are some reasons that our
memory might fail us?
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Memory Disorders Memory Disorders OverviewOverview
Any illness can cause memory ipairment
Any time that concentration is disrupted, memory will be affected
Disorders that affect the memory number around 50.
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Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s DiseaseProgressive
deterioration of the brain
Elderly
No known cause
Main effects on memory
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Alzheimer’sAlzheimer’shttp://www.healthline.com/health-slideshow/best-videos-alzheimers#7
http://www.healthline.com/health-slideshow/best-videos-alzheimers#13
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Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s DiseaseSymptoms:
1. Unawareness of memory problems2. Confusion3. Short-term question repetition4. Getting lost in familiar areas5. Forgetting
a) who they are b) memories from younger years c) meaning of words d) simple tasks
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Treatment for Alzheimer’sTreatment for Alzheimer’sNo known cure
Mental exercises as prevention
Medications for symptoms
Investigation of supplements (fish oil, etc.)
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Amnesia OverviewAmnesia OverviewDefinition: Loss of memory
Temporary or permanent
Causes: injury, shock, fatigue, illness, repression, or drugs
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Amnesia in the MoviesAmnesia in the Movies
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Anterograde AmnesiaAnterograde AmnesiaOccurs after an injury or trauma
Individual cannot form new memories of new events
Implicit memory is preserved
Clive!!!
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Anterograde AmnesiaAnterograde Amnesia
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Retrograde AmnesiaRetrograde AmnesiaInability to remember events
before a trauma or injury
May stretch from minutes to years
Typically worse for events right before the trauma
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Retrograde AmnesiaRetrograde Amnesia
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AphasiaAphasiaDefinition: The loss of memory for words
Expressive/Motor: Loss of ability to write/speak words
Receptive/Sensory: Loss of memory for meaning of spoken, written words, or symbols
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aplTvEQ6ew
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Dissociative AmnesiaDissociative AmnesiaA time period in the past is
forgotten because it was traumatic or stressful
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Fugue AmnesiaFugue AmnesiaA person forgets his/her identity
Extremely rare
The person may wake up and suddenly have no sense of who they are. He or she looks in the mirror and sees a stranger. In the wallet or purse the person may find identification, but the name and birth date on the driver's license seem meaningless.
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Fugue Amnesia Video ClipFugue Amnesia Video Cliphttp://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=QajubDsCcrw
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Dissociative Identity Dissociative Identity DisorderDisorderA person has “multiple
personalities”
They forget events that happen when another personality is present
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PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)Disorder)
A reaction to a terrifying event where the person suffers from intrusive memories
Caused by events of severe stress- war, murder, disasters.
Most often seen in veterans
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Specific Memory FailureSpecific Memory Failure
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Memory Failure OverviewMemory Failure Overview
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ForgettingForgetting
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Penny Exercise AnswersPenny Exercise Answers2. The words United States of America
5. The words One Cent6. The date (year) of the mint11. The right side of Lincoln’s face14. The Lincoln Memorial15. The words In God We Trust16. The word Liberty19. The words E Pluribus Unum
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Penny ExercisePenny Exercise
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Encoding FailureEncoding FailureRepresents a failure to encode.
The details of a penny are not that important to us…absent-mindedness
Also, we think about what should be, not what is.
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Capital City ExerciseCapital City ExerciseName as many as you can
without help.
Write the first few letters if you only remember part of the word.
I will give you a hint.
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What type of memory failure What type of memory failure does this exercise represent?does this exercise represent?
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InterferenceInterferenceProactive Interference- When an
older memory disrupts recall of a newer memory.
Retroactive Interference- When a more recent memory disrupts recall of an older memory.
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Repression vs. Retrieval Repression vs. Retrieval ExerciseExercise1. Precious Stone: First2. Fish: Second3. State: Third4. Insect: Second5. Type of Music: First6. Alcoholic Beverage:
Third7. Color: Second8. Military Title: Third9. Article of Clothing:
First10. Sport: Second
11. Musical Instrument: First12. Four-Footed Animal:
Third13. Occupation: First14. Weapon: Third15. Furniture: Second16. Type of Fuel: Second17. Disease: First18: Vegetable: Third19. Type of Vehicle:
Second20. Body Part: First
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Memory ConstructionMemory ConstructionHave you ever had a strong, vivid
memory and later learned you were wrong (or realized that what you remember could not have happened)? If so, write it down.
Why do you think this occurred?
We will share our answers…
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ConstructsConstructsA complex idea resulting from
the combination of simpler ideas
Not directly observable
Something built systematically
Constantly changing
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Answer the following in Answer the following in groups:groups:What if the simpler
ideas/experiences from which we construct our memories are not all accurate?
What does this mean for our identity?
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War of the GhostsWar of the GhostsWe slightly alter images,
memories, and ideas to fit into our own method of understanding/remembering
Listen very carefully!
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How/Why does our memory How/Why does our memory transform material?transform material?
Accepted/conventional representations- That couldn’t have been a wolf…it was a dog
Some features cannot be labeled until a recognized form is produced-If it doesn’t fit anything that we know/are used to, we have trouble recognizing or remembering it…chemistry anyone?
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Bartlett’s ConclusionsBartlett’s ConclusionsAfter first recall, the general form
or outline stays the sameForm and items become
stereotyped and then don’t change
Story is rationalized (westernized)- symbolization
We simplify, omit, and transform images into things we recognize
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Misinformation EffectMisinformation EffectIncorporating misleading
information into a memory.
Examples?
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Eyewitness TestimonyEyewitness TestimonyIdentify the bomber on the roof…http://
www.psychology.iastate.edu/~glwells/theeyewitnesstest.html
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Child TestimonyChild TestimonyImagine that you are a therapist
or attorney who needs to interview a child about a possible case of abuse. Describe the procedure that you would use to ensure that the answers are as accurate as possible.
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Is Repression Real?Is Repression Real?Our memories are anchored by
context cues…If we dig deep enough, we can retrieve them.
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Improving Memory Group Improving Memory Group ExerciseExerciseDevelop a study plan for a student
using 4-5 of the memory techniques in your book.
Imagine that the student has a psychology test approaching, and they want a detailed plan of methods, techniques, and examples that they can use to succeed on this exam.