Why low impact development pccpac
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What’s so Bad about Stormwater & What Does Low Impact Development Do About It?
Robert Emanuel, Ph.D.Oregon State University
Oregon Sea Grant Extension
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“We forget that the water cycle and the life cycle are one.” --Jacques Cousteau
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Where is your community in the watershed?
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Puget Sound Action Team, WSU Pierce County Extension
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Puget Sound Action Team, WSU Pierce County Extension
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Video by Laura James, Seattle, WA
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Photo: Motoya Nakamura/The Oregonian
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Impacts of Conventional Approaches
Water quantity: too much too fast Water quality: the stormwater superhighway
for non-point pollutants Costs: O & M, combined sewer overflows, etc.
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Flooding and Urban Development
More Runoff
Arriving Faster
Time, hours
Flow
Rat
e, c
fs
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Water Quantity Impacts: Flooding & Erosion
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Stormwater Pollutants Suspended solids/sediments Nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) Metals (copper*, lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury) Oil & grease* Cleaning chemicals Detergents or soaps Bacteria Pesticides* Increased temperature
*Recent studies show link between these pollutants and salmonid olfactory disorientation and pre-spawning mortality.
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Parking LotsRoadsDrivewaysSidewalks
Derived from the City of Olympia, WA ISRS Final Report
OfficesStoresHousesPatios
The Impervious Surface Budget
65% transportation
35% structures
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To better protect our watersheds
To reduce infrastructure costs
To make our communities more attractive
Low Impact Development plans, ordinances, and best management practices
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Slide: Chesapeake NEMO
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Slide: Chesapeake NEMO
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Slide: Chesapeake NEMO
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Slide: Chesapeake NEMO
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Slide: Chesapeake NEMO
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Slide: Chesapeake NEMO
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Slide: Chesapeake NEMO
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Pringle Creek Development in Salem
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Kensington Estates
Total acres: 23.92
Lots: 103 (4,143 ft2 ave.)
Open space: 15 acres (63%)
Effective impervious area: ~ 0 %
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Kensington Estates Cost Comparison
Conventional Low Impact
Site Prep $220,000 $150,000
Erosion Control $75,000 $25,000
Storm drainage $430,000 $ 150,000
Utilities $650,000
$625,000
Road Construction $250,000 $275,000Total $1,625,000 $1,225,000
Unit Cost $15,777 $11,893
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Slide: Chesapeake NEMO
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Slide: Chesapeake NEMO
Site Practices
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© Good Nature Publishing
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A rain garden is a “sunken garden bed” that collects & treats stormwater runoff from rooftops, driveways, sidewalks, parking lots & streets.
Graphic: EMSWCD
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How a Rain Garden Works
Graphic: EMSWCD
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Portland Community College, Portland OR
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Bay City, OR
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Port Orford, OR Photo: Frank Burris, OSU
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Glencoe Elementary School, Portland, OR
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Photo Koch Landscape Architecture, City of Portland Environmental Services
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http://www.asla.org/awards/2007/07winners/517_nna.html
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NE 36th and Emerson, Portland
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Moving water across a sidewalk Photo courtesy of Portland Environmental Services
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Other Practices
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Gravel Wetland
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Green Street Planters
SW 12th @ Montgomery (PSU)
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Pringle Creek, Salem, OR
Rogue Valley Sewer Services
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Shorebank Pacific, Ilwaco, WA
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SeQuential Biofuels, Eugene, OR
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Photo Robert Emanuel
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Photo Derek Godwin
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What do these strategies cost?
What strategies yield greatest benefits?
What strategies help build resilience?
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Not all pollution is the same:
1. Site Planning/Land Use2. Controlling Sources3. Site-level Practices
Effectiveness
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How to Make All of This Happen
Pass stormwater management regulationRe-examine local land use controlsPermit and promote open-space developmentsUse landscape features instead of infrastructureCreate demonstration projectsCollaborate!
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Robert Emanuel, Ph.D.OSU Extension Service FacultyWater Resources & Community Development 2204 Fourth StreetTillamook, OR 97141(503) 842-5708 X 210
[email protected]/h2onc/