Why Government Matters? - Plainfield South High...
Transcript of Why Government Matters? - Plainfield South High...
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Why Government Matters?
AP Government
Lecture #1
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What is
Government?• The institution
in which decisions are made that resolve conflicts or allocate benefits and privileges.
• Ultimate authority in society
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So….
• What is Politics?
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Break it down into two
words…..
• Poly =
• Ticks =
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• Politics = The struggle over power or
influence within organizations that
allocate benefits or privileges
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Why Government Matters:
The oldest purpose of government is to
maintain order by protecting members of
society from violence and criminal
activity.
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Why have a
government?
• Maintain social
order-preserve life,
liberty and protect
property
• John Locke vs.
Thomas Hobbes
• State of nature
• Locke-people are
naturally good – can
govern themselves
• Hobbes-people are
self-seeking
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Natural Rights
• https://www.yout
ube.com/watch?
v=1aPnKCDArd
E
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John Locke Primary Source
• Two Treatises of
Gov.
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Social Contract
• Government will
protect it’s
people and the
people will obey
the government
(follow laws
implemented by
gov)
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Popular Sovereignty
• The national government
has the right to govern its
people as it wishes,
without interference from
other nations - People
control themselves within
the boundaries of a
country
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Limited Government
• The principle
that the powers
of government
should be
limited, usually
by institutional
checks
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Republic and
Republicanism• A republic is a
society who
elects
individuals to
represent a
population in
the government
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Which is Better???
• To live under a
government that
allows
individuals to do
whatever they
please OR to live
under one that
enforces strict
law and order?
• To let all citizens
keep the same
share of their
income OR to tax
wealthier people
at a higher rate
to fund programs
for poorer
people?
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• Freedom
• Order
• Equality
Concepts that identify the values
pursued by government
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Freedom • Freedom OF:
absence of
constraints on
behavior
(freedom of
speech or
freedom of
religion)
• Freedom FROM:
immunity (fear
and want)
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Order
• Preserving life
• Preserving the social order of people
• Which can change
• Can use police power: the authority of a government to maintain order and safeguard citizen’s health, morals, safety, and welfare
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Equality • Political
Equality
• Social Equality
• Equality of
Opportunity
• Equality of
Outcome
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Equality:
RIGHTS
• The idea that every citizen is entitled to certain benefits of government, that the government should guarantee its citizens adequate housing, employment, medical care, and income as a matter of rights
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Dilemmas
• Freedom vs. Order
• Freedom vs. Equality
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Charlottesville
• http://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2017/
08/16/charlottesville-video-
onlookers-orig-mss.cnn
• Freedom vs. Order?
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Eminent Domain
• A power of the federal government
to take private property for public
use in return for “just compensation”
offered to the landowner
• 5th amendment gives federal gov.
this power
This shows Freedom v. Equality
Transfer of Property
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Eminent Domain Link
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T
SJhyTa6fLk
• (60 Minutes Clip)
Kello Case Follow up
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
A3AsqUzVA0Q
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What is a Democracy?
• Democracy-rule by the people
• Direct Democracy-A government in which all or most citizens participate directly
• Representative Democracy-A government in which leaders make decisions by winning a competitive struggle for the popular votes
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Other Forms of
Government
Totalitarian – A form of government
that controls all aspects of political
and social life in a nation
Authoritarianism- A type of regime in
which only the government itself is
fully controlled by the ruler. Social
and economic institutions exist that
are not under the governments control
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Other Forms of
Government
• Aristrocracy – Rule by the “best”
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Procedural Democratic Theory
• Everyone should participate in decision making (universal participation)
• All votes should be counted equally (political equality)
• Majority rule (50% plus one-quorum)
• Government responsiveness to public opinion
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Substantive View of Democracy
• Focuses on the substance of gov’t
policies, not the procedures
followed in making the policies
• Bill of Rights
• Civil Rights/Civil Liberties
• What has been done in the past,
not necessarily of what the
government should do?
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Four different Schools of Thought
about political elites and how
power is distributed in America’s
Representative Democracy
• Majoritarianism
• Power Elite
• Bureaucratic
• Pluralist
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Majoritarianism• elected officials
are the delegates of the people, acts as the people (or a majority of them) would act were there a popular vote
• Elected Officials should do what the people want!
Democracy for Everyone!
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Power Elite Theory
• View that the government is dominated by a few top leaders, most of whom are outside of government
• Corporate leaders, top military officers, labor union officials
• Enjoy great advantages in wealth, status, etc.
Democracy for
the few!
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Bureaucratic View • View that the government is dominated by appointed officials
• Max Weber
• Do not merely implement public policies, they
effectively“make” them as suits their own interests and ideas
Democracy for the few!
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Pluralist View• The belief that competition among all affected interests shapes public policy
• No single group can dominate the political process
• Elites are divided and there are many categories of them
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How is political power distributed?
• Majoritarian politics-elected officials
are the delegates of the people, acts as
the people (or a majority of them)
would act were there a popular vote
• Elite-persons who possess a
disproportionate share of the some
valued resource, like money or power
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Political Ideologies
• Comprehensive
set of beliefs
about the
nature of
people and the
role of
government in
people’s lives
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Ideologies most recognized in
U.S. Government
• Conservatives-limited role for government –more emphasis on individual responsibility –promotes the private sector over government
• Liberals-positive government action – promotes equality in opportunity
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Less Recognized
Ideologies in American
Society Libertarian
- free market
belief
-less gov
regulation of
social values and
moral decisions
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Ideologies that exist
Communism – A revolutionary variant of socialism that favors a partisan dictatorship, government control of all enterprises and the replacement of free markets by central planning
Fascism – A twentieth- century ideology-often totalitarian – that exalts the national collective united behind an absolute ruler. Fascism rejects liberal individualism, values action over rational deliberation and glorifies war
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What about YOU??? Where
does your political ideology
fall?
• Where do your ideas come from?
• Where you live?
• Parents?Environment?
• Part of the country?
• Activity!