Why Does the US Enter World War II?
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Transcript of Why Does the US Enter World War II?
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Why Does the US Enter World War II?
Axis on the Rise, Isolationists Hamstring
FDR, visit of Br. Royalty 2:39-2:52
Road to US Entry - 1936 to 1941
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Rise of Fascism/Totalitarianism in the 1930’s
Mussolini
(Italy)
Hitler
(Germany)
Tojo
(Japan)
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Common Traits of future Axis Powers :
•Rally support of people with appeals to extreme nationalism
• Authoritarian rule eliminates domestic opposition
•Expansionist foreign policy justified by claims of racial supremacy
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1930’s US Foreign Policy:
Condemn dictators, but maintain neutrality & isolationism
Avoid “collective security” actions
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The “Rape of Nanking”
1937
Over 200,000 Chinese massacred
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Mussolini threatens expansion in Balkans & East Africa
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Hitler Expands in Europe Rhineland (1936);
France, EnglandAppease Hitler
Poland (1939)
Austria (1938)Sudetenland/Czechoslovakia (1938);
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FDR Attempts to Sway American Public“Quarantine” Speech – Oct. 1937
Congress Reacts with Neutrality Acts
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Isolationism Cartoons of late 1930’s
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Isolationism Cartoons of late 1930’s
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WWII Begins on 9/1/39 With German “Blitzkrieg”
US Remains Neutral
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Churchill Cautiously Reaches
Out to FDRDuring
“Battle of Britain”
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America First Committee Campaigns Against US Involvement in Foreign Affairs and a 3rd Term for FDR in 1940
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Anti-Isolationist Cartoon
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FDR elected
to a 3rd TermAfter promising: “Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars”
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FDR’s Inaugural“Four Freedom’s” Speech
January – 1941 Attempts toSway US Public Opinion
… In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.
The fourth is freedom from fear…which means a world-wide reduction of armaments… [so] no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor--anywhere in the world.
The third is freedom from want…which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world.
The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way--everywhere in the world.
The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world.
Patriotic song from movie
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FDR Uses Political Maneuvering to undo Neutrality Acts: Cash & Carry (’39)
replaced by Lend-Lease Act ( Spring ’41)
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FDR agrees to “Atlantic Charter” August – 1941 – Triumph of Internationalism
FDR and Churchill set goals for the postwar world •stated that US & UK would seek no territorial gain from war
•stated war was only justified to safeguard "the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live"
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Tensions with Germany – Sept & Oct 1941USS Greer, and other US ships
come under German Attack while escortingLend-Lease Convoys to UK
Why Does FDR Seek an “incident” with Nazis?
War with Germany seems imminent
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Meanwhile…US places Embargo on oil and scrap metal to expanding Japan in mid 1941
Japanese Response = Surprise Attack on US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on Dec. 7th, 1941…
US Formally Enters World War II the next day