Why Does Sodium Have a Much Higher Second Ionization Energy? 1 st 0.5 kj/mol 2 nd 4.6 kj/mol.

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Why Does Sodium Have a Much Higher Second Ionization Energy? 1 st 0.5 kj/mol 2 nd 4.6 kj/mol

Transcript of Why Does Sodium Have a Much Higher Second Ionization Energy? 1 st 0.5 kj/mol 2 nd 4.6 kj/mol.

Page 1: Why Does Sodium Have a Much Higher Second Ionization Energy? 1 st 0.5 kj/mol 2 nd 4.6 kj/mol.

Why Does Sodium Have a Much Higher Second

Ionization Energy?1st 0.5 kj/mol 2nd 4.6 kj/mol

Page 2: Why Does Sodium Have a Much Higher Second Ionization Energy? 1 st 0.5 kj/mol 2 nd 4.6 kj/mol.

1st Ionization Energy

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- -+11The energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom.

Page 3: Why Does Sodium Have a Much Higher Second Ionization Energy? 1 st 0.5 kj/mol 2 nd 4.6 kj/mol.

What causes the electron to stay in the atom in

the first place?

Page 4: Why Does Sodium Have a Much Higher Second Ionization Energy? 1 st 0.5 kj/mol 2 nd 4.6 kj/mol.

Coulomb’s Law

• Coulomb's inverse-square law, is a law of physics describing the electrostatic interaction between electrically charged particles.

Electrostatic ForceOpposites Attract

Like Charges Repel

€

F = Kq1q2r2

Page 5: Why Does Sodium Have a Much Higher Second Ionization Energy? 1 st 0.5 kj/mol 2 nd 4.6 kj/mol.

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11 Electrons: -1111 Protons: +11Charge: 0

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NaSodium

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Sodium 1s22s22p63s1

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Electron Shielding

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-- -

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- -+11Electrons in an atom can shield each other from the pull of the nucleus.

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Decreased Distance

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-- -

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- -+11The closer particles are the stronger the attraction.

Page 8: Why Does Sodium Have a Much Higher Second Ionization Energy? 1 st 0.5 kj/mol 2 nd 4.6 kj/mol.

Sodium

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Page 9: Why Does Sodium Have a Much Higher Second Ionization Energy? 1 st 0.5 kj/mol 2 nd 4.6 kj/mol.

The electrostatic force holding the electrons to the nucleus is stronger for the second electron because it is closer to the nucleus.

There is less electron shielding so those electrons in the second energy level feel more pull from the nucleus and are held tighter.

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NaSodium

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Sodium1s22s22p63s1


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