Week of 10/20-10/24POD 10/20

Why do we study history?

Unit 2: Archaeology and Anthropology Vocabulary

• Archaeology: the scientific study of material remains (as fossil relics, artifacts, and monuments) of past human life and activities.

• Anthropolgy: the comparative study of human societies and cultures and their development. (the study of human behavior)

• fossils: the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.

• artifacts: an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.

• history: the study of past events, particularly in human affairs.

Week of 10/20-10/24POD 10/21

How do we know about past civilizations? How do we know their history, culture, language, and religion?

What about prehistory people who existed before written records?

Archaeology and Anthropology

I. The Time Before Written Records

A. What is history?1. Record of past events

2. Each group of people has its own history

3. History of humanity

B. Why do We Study History?

1. It teaches us lessons

2. It is alive in our culture

C. Historians use the 5 W’s when writing history:

1.What happened?

2.When and Where did it happen?

3.Who was involved?

4.Why did it happen?

D. Sources

1. Primary Sourcesa. Materials created at the time history was being made. b. First hand, eyewitness accounts

1. Secondary Sourcesa. Second Hand Recordsb. Interprets and Uses Primary Sources

Primary Source Examples

• Diaries• Pamphlets• Letters• Speeches• Photographs• Polls• Video recordings• Art

E. How do Historians Use Sources?

1. Read primary sources (diaries, newspapers, letters, etc.)

2. What historians have written about the topic?

3. Textbooks are secondary sources

F. How do we interpret history?1. Interpretations/explanations of history and

secondary sources differ2.Bias and point of view affect history

10/28 PODCreate a timeline of your life with 5 important events.

II. Timelines

A Decade = _____________ years

A Millennium =____________ years

A Century= ____________years

10

1,000

100

● B.C: Before Christ (everything before the year 0)○ B.C. will be written after the year

● B.C.E (Before the Common Era)”● A.D.

○ Latin words - Anno Domini- meaning “in the year of our Lord” refers to the years from the birth of Christ up to the present.

○ everything after the year 0○ A.D. will written before the year

● C.E. – Common Era- Instead of A.D, many writers and historians now use C.E.

How should present time (August 7, 2013) be identified? B.C. or A.D.?

How Do We Keep Track of Dates?

Timelines can be vertical or horizontal

Directions: Create a timeline in your notes. Put the events & dates in chronological order from the earliest to the most recent. (5 minutes)

500 B.C. Persian Wars beginA.D 520 Mohammed the Prophet is born1800 B.C. Hebrews migrate to EgyptA.D. 1291 Crusades end1760 B.C. Shang Family rules ChinaA.D. 2002/2003 YOU WERE BORN

____________________________________________________1800 B.C.

1760 B.C.

500 B.C.

A.D 520

A.D. 1291

A.D. 2002 or 3

EVENTS IN MIDDLE EASTERN HISTORY(title)

(events)

Mohammed is born

Abbasid Caliphate is founded

First Crusaders Invade the Holy LandCrusades

end

Constantinople is taken by Turks

____________________________________________________520 750 1096 1291 1453

(dates)

1. How many years are covered by the timeline?

2. What event happened first: the fall of Constantinople or the invasion of the Holy Land in the 1st Crusade?

3. Between which two events on the timeline would you place the destruction of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258?

1. Which groups of dates is arranged in correct chronological order (by time)?

a. 123 B.C., 124 B.C., 18 B.C., A.D. 1985

b. 37 B.C., 38 B.C., A.D. 98 , A.D.1995

c. A.D. 557 , 234 B.C., A.D. 56 , 22 B.C.

SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE

Centuries

• A.D. 0-99- 1st century• A.D. 100-199 - 2nd century• A.D. 200-299 - 3rd century• A.D. 300-399- 4th century

• 1500-1599- _____ Century• 1900-1999- ______Century• 2000 – 2099 - ______Century Century

What century are we in?

-100 0 100 200 300

1ST 2ND 3RD

Examples: What century?

•9•231 -•500 -•1989 -

Fact VS Opinion

III. The Way Historians Work

A. How do scientists explore the past?1. Archaeologists- Scientists who find and study

things left behind- artifacts (tools, weapons, etc.)

2. Anthropologists – scientists who study the beginnings and behavior of people

3. Paleontolgists-

4. Geologists-

B. Dates help us measure time

C. Why do we have different calendars?

1. Keep track of time.

2. People use different calendars throughout the world based on different events.

3. Most people use a calendar based on the birth of Christ

a. B.C. – Before Christ

b. A.D. – anno Domini- “in the year of our Lord”

4. Jewish calendar begins with the year in which Jews believe God created the world

5. Muslim Calendar is based on the founding of Islam

D. How do Archaeologists date artifacts?

1. Radiocarbon Dating is used to determine the age of an artifact.

2. Guess by studying the artifact and other objects found near it.

3. Calculate- figure out, how ancient people lived.

4. Detective work

F. The Past is like a Jigsaw Puzzle

IV. Timelines