Why do we organize all of the species into categories?
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Transcript of Why do we organize all of the species into categories?
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Why do we organize all of the species into categories?
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Taxonomy1. Is the study of classifying organisms.
Two types of Taxonomy:
1. Evolutionary Taxonomy: showing accurate relationships of organisms based on Niche development and speciation
2. Cladistics: based on data; traits or characteristics that show derived characteristics
Tree Of Life
Section Outline
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Who is Linnaeus?He Developed a 2 word naming system.
– Why? – Naming System:
• Panthera pardus common name for leopard• _____________ ____________
– Classification System• King Philip Came Over For Green Spaghetti• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________
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Who is Linnaeus?He Developed a 2 word naming system.
– Why? To Avoid Ambiguity – Naming System: Binomial Nomenclature
• Panthera pardus common name for leopard• Genus specie
– Classification System• King Philip Came Over For Green Spaghetti• Kingdom is most general and specie is most specific• kingdom has many different types of organisms• Specie contains only one type of organism
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Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda
Red fox Abert squirrel
Coral snake
Sea star
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
GENUS Ursus
SPECIES Ursus arctos
Section 18-1
Figure 18-5 Classification of Ursus arctos
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Section 18-1
Flowchart
Linnaeus’s System of Classification
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What is a dichotomous key?
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What is a dichotomous key?
A dichotomous key is a sequence of steps that allows the identification of a living thing.
• The key consists of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item.
• There will always be two choices in each step of the key until you can identify the organism.
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The Three-Domain System 1. Domain Bacteria
- prokaryotic domain: cyanobacteria, spirochetes1 Kingdom: Eubacteria
2. Domain Archaea- prokaryotic domain1 Kingdom: Archaeabacteria
3. Domain Eukarya4 Kingdoms1. Protista: includes algae, protozoa and slime molds2. Fungi: absorb nutrients from decomposing matter3. Plantae: mutli- carry out photo4. Animalia: multi- consume food for energy
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DomainsKingdom
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Monera (old kingdom)
Eubacteria Archaea-bacteria
Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
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Decription of 5 Kingdoms
Monera (eubacteria & archaebacteria): single celled, prokaryotes,
auto/heterProtists: single celled, eukaryotes, auto/heterPlant: multi-celled, eukaryotes, auto Fungi: multi-celled, eukaryotes, heterAnimal: multi-celled, eukaryotes, heter
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Answer the following . . . .Video clip on Classification
1. What are the 5 Kingdoms?
2. Why are fungi not considered plants?
3. What 2 categories can the 5 Kingdoms be placed?
25_08ClassSchemes_A.html
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9 Animal Phylum
1. Poriferans: sponges 2. Cnidaria: hydra, jellyfish3. Flatworms: tapeworms 4. Nematode: roundworms,
hookworms5. Mollusc: squid, cuttlefish, snails6. Annelid: earthworm7. Arthropod: insects, arachnids, crustaceans 8. Echinoderm: sea stars, sand dollars9. Chordates: Tunicate, hagfish, lamprey,
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KingdomsEubacteriaArchaebacteriaProtistaPlantaeFungiAnimalia
DOMAIN EUKARYA
DOMAIN ARCHAEA
DOMAIN BACTERIA
Section 18-3
Figure 18-13 Cladogram of Six Kingdoms and Three Domains
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Section 18-3
Concept Map
are characterized by
such as
and differing which place them in
which coincides withwhich coincides with
which place them in which is subdivided into
Living Things
Kingdom Eubacteria
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Eukaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells
Important characteristics
Cell wall structures
Domain Eukarya
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia
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New Vocabulary Words:• Define the following:
1. Niche: the role an organisms plays in an ecosystem
2. Speciation: The evolutionary formation of new biological species, usually by the division of a single species into two or more genetically distinct ones
3. Derived characteristics: having a unique trait that is not found in other organisms
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4. Cladogram: diagram showing evolutionary relationships based on DNA and RNA analysis and derived characteristics
5. Radioactive dating: A technique for measuring the age of an object or sample of material
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• What evidence does this cladogram provide?
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Evidence for developing a Cladogram
A. DNA A. DNA in mitochondria and chloroplastsB. Similarities and differences in DNA
gelelectrophoresis.exe
B. Observing Fossil recordC. Radioactive datingD. Observing Derived characteristics
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How does each form of evidence help scientists create
a cladogram?Evidence How does it help in
creating a cladogram
Molecular analysis
Fossils
Radioactive dating
Derived characteristics
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TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION
CLADOGRAM
Appendages Conical Shells
Crab Barnacle Limpet Crab Barnacle Limpet
Crustaceans Gastropod
Molted exoskeleton
Segmentation
Tiny free-swimming larva
What is the difference among to 2
Traditional Classification Versus Cladogram
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