Why did William build castles to keep control? L.O: To know why William built castles. To know what...
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Why did William build castles to keep control?
L.O: To know why William built castles. To know what the features of a motte and bailey and a Stone Keep castle have and what the advantages and disadvantages were of each castle
were.
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Keep. This is whereThe Lord would stay.
Bailey: (this means enclosure)This was the courtyard. Housing the sheds and soldiers quarters.
Motte. ALarge earth hill
Palisade:A wooden fenceProtecting the Normans From the English.
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Why did he need to build castles so quickly?
• The English were not happy that William was now king.
• The English were fighting with the Normans he had to show them that he was in charge.
• He wanted to show them that he was watching them in every town and village.
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William needed to build castles _______. Many English people continued torebel against the ____. He needed to construct ________ along the coast andacross the _______________ in order to protect him and his followers fromthe angry locals. The first castles were built of ____ and stone, as thesebuilding resources were easy to find in _______ areas.There were two main parts to the castle. The ______, which was an earthmound where a small _______ fort was situated. The other part was called a________. Often livestock, horses and soldiers families lived in this enclosure.BAILEY, QUICKLY, WOOD, FOREST, LOOKOUT, MOTTE,KING, DEFENCES, COUNTRYSIDE
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Advantages and Disadvantages of a motte and bailey castle
Advantages Disadvantages.
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Let’s complete the sheet on motte and bailey’s
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Let’s test what you have learnt already? Let’s play slap the
board. Boys V’s Girls
MotteMotte palisadepalisade
hillhill
stonestone
Battering ram
Battering ram slowslow
baileybailey
keepkeep
Stone keepsStone keeps
LordLordenclosur
eenclosur
e
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How would you attack a castle like this?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PtAlUKX4PY
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How can we tell about life in Motte and Bailey castles today?
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Questions.
• 1) Why did William have to build castles?
• 2) Why did he choose the materials of wood and earth?
• 3) Did lots of people live in Motte and Bailey castles ? Explain your answer.
• 4) Why do we not know a great deal about Motte and bailey castles today?
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A Stone Keep Castle
• Label your diagram of the stone keep castle:
• These are the labels you have to choose from:
• Well *solar *great hall
• Battlements *great fire
• Guard room *store room
• Garderobe * entrance
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The Stone Keep Castle
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The Stone Keep castles
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VhLzMnwqI0
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtaRI1UD0y0
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Attacking a stone keep castle
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Wood burnsCan be cut down
High upDitchFast to build
Motte and Bailey11th C
WeaknessesStrengthsCastleDate
Capture wall take whole building
Stone WallShell keep11th C
Corners can be mined or battered
Thick stone wallsEntrance above ground level
Square keep12th C
Only betrayal by someoneOrVery long siege
2 or 3 wallsInside wall higher than outerStrong gatehouseRound towers
Concentric Castle13th C
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mangonel
trebuchet
Battering Ram
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ballista
Penthouse
Siege tower
Battering ram
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In pairs, discuss 3 things you would like to learn about attacking and defending a castle.
Remember to pose (ask) a question.
i.e. write down 3 questions you would like answered today.
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ae
d
c b
Name each weapon labelled:
a
b
c
d
e
f
IndividualWork
f
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Why were defences so important?• Had to be safe from attack
• Make it difficult for the enemy to break in
Wooden keep
motte
baileypalisadedrawbridge
Gate look-out
ditch
??
?
?
?
?
?
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Existing castles were slowly improved
Stone Keep
Curtain wall
Inner bailey
Portcullis drawbridge
crenellation
Arrow loops
gatehouse
well
Outer curtain wall
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Stone Castle Defences
high, thick walls
machicolations
battlements
drawbridge
gatehouse
hoardings
arrow loops
Towers & turrets
portcullis
moat
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Battlements
crenellation
where fighting was done
crenel
merlonshutter
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Gate Defences• Speed important –
had to close off castle quickly
• 2 portcullises could trap the enemy
•Murder holes could be used to pour throw hot tar or water, crush enemy with stones or fire at them with arrows
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Why?
Methodsof
AttackImproved
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Besieging a CastleAttacking
Siege tower
crossbowslongbow
mangonel
ladders
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Types of catapults
mangonel
trebuchet
Fired missiles at or over wall
Fired missiles over wall:
•Stones
•Dead animals
•Heads of the enemy
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Battering Ram
Attacking the Gate
Tortoise
Break down gates or smash the walls
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Other Siege Weapons
ballista
Penthouse
For use on square keep or square towers
Sappers’ tent
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ae
d
c b
Name each weapon labelled:
a
b
c
d
e
f
IndividualWork
f
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Castle Defences1. How were soldiers protected on the
battlements?
2. Draw an arrow loop and explain its purpose.
3. Give 2 advantages of round towers in a curtain wall.
4. Describe 3 methods used to defend the castle gate. Include a picture of one of these defences.
IndividualWork
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Quiz – what am I?
Identify each weapon from the cryptic clue:
• When the catch of my big spoon is released I fling out a huge stone with great force. What am I?
• I protect miners while they dig under a square keep. What am I?
• I use powder and flame to fire metal balls over the castle walls. I was not invented until the 13th C. What am I?
IndividualWork Siege Weapons
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4. With my sling I throw stones or dead animals over the castle wall. What am I?
5. I can be wheeled up to the wall to allow attackers to climb onto the wall. What am I?
6. I am used to break down the gate? What am I?
7. I am made of metal and rope and help the soldiers climb up castle walls? What am I?
IndividualWork Siege Weapons
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Quiz – what am I?
Identify each weapon from the cryptic clue:
• When the catch of my big spoon is released I fling out a huge stone with great force. What am I?
• I protect miners while they dig under a square keep. What am I?
• I use powder and flame to fire metal balls over the castle walls. I was not invented until the 13th C. What am I?
IndividualWork Siege Weapons
mangonel
Penthouse or sappers tent
cannon
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4. With my sling I throw stones or dead animals over the castle wall. What am I?
5. I can be wheeled up to the wall to allow attackers to climb onto the wall. What am I?
6. I am used to break down the gate? What am I?
7. I am made of metal and rope and help the soldiers climb up castle walls? What am I?
IndividualWork Siege Weapons
trebuchet
siege tower
battering ram
grappling hook
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Castle defence keywords
Barbican
Portcullis
Murder holes
The extra gatehouse at the front of the castle.
The strong oak and metal gate at the front of the castle (one pence coins carry an image of them).
Holes that soldiers could pour hot sand, water and lime through to kill and wound an enemy.
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Harlech Castle
Location, location, location
The first defence a castle had was its location.
Harlech Castle was almost impossible to surround – why?
Other castles were built on hills, such as Guildford and Conisbrough. This meant they could easily observe any enemy force approaching!
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The castle entrance
The castle entrance often had a barbican attached. This extra gatehouse protected the weakest part of the castle. There would be extra soldiers, and several heavy oak doors and portcullises to get past.
Barbican
Gatehouse
Three entrance gates
(portcullis) to get through
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Defences before and at the main entrance
Why do you think the main entrance had so much defence?
Click on the murder holes, portcullis and drawbridge.
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The castle battlements jutted out from the top of the wall so that soldiers could drop heavy stones and pour boiling tar onto the enemy below.
At the bottom of the curtain wall the walls were angled so that when stones were dropped they would bounce off the bottom and hit the attackers.
Castle defences
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Castles were often built near rivers.
Why do you think this was?
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There were a number of features which could be added to the castle to make it stronger. Most castles had round towers in their walls. This was so soldiers could fire in all directions along the front walls.
The strongest building was the keep. It had numerous defensive features including very thick walls, narrow staircases, big cellars for sieges. Even the entrance was raised and had drawbridges to stop an attack.
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As castles were frequently under attack, they had to be as strong as possible.
Why did castles develop?
As the attackers improved their methods of attack, so the castle builders had to improve the castle’s ability to defend.
How do you think a battering ram was used
to attack a castle?
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Castle attack
In this picture the attackers are tunnelling. They would mine underneath the castle hoping to collapse it!
What are the advantages of this method of attack?
How would this catapult have worked?
Do you think it would have been very effective? Why?
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These siege towers had a drawbridge at the top. The soldiers would climb up the tower and rush across the drawbridge onto the castle hoarding (the bit jutting out at the top of the castle). They were often covered in animal skins to provide further protection from arrows.
What do you think were the main disadvantages with this method of attack?
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Which of the methods of attack do you think would have been the most effective? Why?
Can you suggest any other methods attackers might have used?
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Castles were sometimes so strong that the only method of attack was to wait. This was called laying siege. It was basically staying out of arrow range and surrounding the castle until it was starved into submission.
Sieges could take a very long time to work. Many castles had wells in the keep and large storerooms always prepared in case of a siege. The best time to attack would be spring as all the winter food would be used up by then and the defenders would have little supplies to last on.
Siege
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Sometimes attacking a castle involved more gruesome methods. In the fourteenth century one castle was subjected to an attack by having plague victims catapulted over the walls to spread the disease.
Other attacks included throwing over rotten animal bodies to spread disease and also the heads of executed prisoners!
Biological warfare
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Attack and Defence: multiple-choice questions