Why did we need a Constitution? Articles were weak. No national executive No national courts No...
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Why did we need a Constitution?
• Articles were weak.• No national executive• No national courts• No power to tax• No $ for Army/Navy• No power over
commerce• No US Currency
Daniel Shays
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Meet the Delegates!Rich White
Landowning Men were the only group
represented at the
Constitutional
Convention of 1787
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WITH THE NATIONS’ MANY PROBLEMS PEOPLE BEGAN TO CRITICIZE
THE ARTICLES
WEALTHY INDIVIDUALS FEAREDANARCHY & REVOLUTION
THEY CALL FOR A STRONG FEDERALGOVERNMENT!
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Shays Rebellion Caused Concern
Wealthy America
ns believed
that they
could be in
danger without
a US Military
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A MEETING CALLED IN PHILADELPHIATO FIX THE ARTICLES IN 1787
Problems1. National Security2. Stabilize the Economy3. Pay war debt4. Define authority of Federal Goverment
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GEORGE WASHINGTON (Presided over)
BEN FRANKLIN
JAMES MADISON “FATHER OF THE
CONSTITUTION”
ALEXANDER HAMILTON
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THOMAS JEFFERSON, JOHN ADAMS,THOMAS PAINE, JOHN HANCOCK
& PATRICK HENRY DID NOT ATTEND
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What influenced theFounding Fathers &
Enlightenment ideas!
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ALL 13 STATES HAD A CONSTITUTION – USED AS A MODEL FOR FEDERAL GOV’T
POWER OF GOV’T SEPARATED BETWEEN EQUAL BRANCHES
(LEGISLATURE, EXECUTIVE, JUDICIAL)
BILL OF RIGHTS FOR CITIZENS
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ENGLISH COMMON LAW & THE MAGNA CARTA: LIMITS POWER OF KING
JOHN LOCKE “LIFE, LIBERTY, & PROPERTY”
MONTESQUIEU: SEPARATION OF POWERS
ANCIENT GREEKS & ROMANS (DEMOCRACY & REPUBLIC)
OTHERS
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Debates & Compromise
Representation and Slavery
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VIRGINIA PLAN (BIG STATE):REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS
BASED ON POPULATION
MORE PEOPLE = MORE REPS =MORE POWER!
MADISON’S (E. RANDOLPH & G. MORRIS) PLAN
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NEW JERSEY PLAN (SMALL STATE):REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS
BASED ON ALL STATES BEING EQUAL
EACH STATE GETS THE SAME NUMBER OF VOTES –
EQUAL POWER (W. Paterson)
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PLANS COMBINED - BICAMERAL (TWO PART) CONGRESS CREATED
CONGRESS: HOR – REP BASED ON POPULATIONSENATE – ALL STATES ARE EQUALKnown as the Conn. Plan or Great Compromise
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Slavery Debate
Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina and
Georgia wanted slaves to be counted
for representation
in congress, but not for taxation.
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SHOULD SLAVES BE COUNTED AS POPULATION IN THE HOUSE OF REPS?
1. SLAVES WOULD BE COUNTED AS 3/5 OF A PERSON.
2. SLAVE TRADE FROM AFRICA MUST END BY 1807
SOUTH “YES” – NORTH – “NO”
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SOUTH WANTED A 2/3RD VOTE IN CONGRESS FOR REGULATING
TRADE
NORTH WANTED A TARIFF OR TAX
BOTH SIDES DROPPED DEMANDS & LET FEDERAL GOV’T REGULATE
COMMERCE
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9 STATES HAD TO “RATIFY” THE CONSTITUTION BEFORE IT BECAME
THE LAW OF THE LAND
THIS STARTS A NATIONAL DEBATE“SHOULD THE NEW CONSTITUTION
BE ACCEPTED OR REJECTED”?
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FEDERALISTS: SUPPORTED THE CONSTITUTION AS IS
FEDERALISTPAPERS
(ESSAYS)
HAMILTON, MADISON,
& JAY
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ANTI-FEDERALISTS: DID NOT SUPPORT THE CONSTITUTION
NO BILL OF RIGHTS –MEANS FED GOV’T IS TOO POWERFUL!
P. HENRYOTHERS
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BILL OF RIGHTS (RIGHTS FOR CITIZENS) WAS PROMISED
& ADDED IN 1791
MOST STATES RATIFY & CONSTITUTION BECOMES LAW!
Can you name the five rights offered to you by the
1st Amendment?
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Bill Of Rights• 1 Free Speech, Religion, Assembly, Press and
Redress Grievances (Complain)• 2 Raise a militia and Bear Arms• 3 No Quartering of soldiers during peace• 4 Privacy (No unreasonable searches)• 5 No double Jeopardy/No self incrimination• 6 Counsel and Speedy Trial• 7 Jury for a civil case• 8 No cruel or unusual punishment• 9 Rights retained by the people• 10 Rights reserved to the states