LESSON 2 BEGINNING OF EXPLORATION (SEARCH) UNIT 3 AGE OF EXPLORATION.
WHY DID THIS ALL START? BEGINNING OF EXPLORATION.
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Transcript of WHY DID THIS ALL START? BEGINNING OF EXPLORATION.
W H Y D I D T H I S A L L S TA RT ?
BEGINNING OF EXPLORATION
THINK BACK…
• Which topic that we talked about earlier this year spurred an interest in curiosity?
THE BEGINNINGS
• 1100s – Crusades • Christians and Muslims• Europeans came in contact with Asian countries• Battled for Holy Lands• Spices, silks, etc.
MARCO POLO
• 1275• Explored China – Kublai Khan• Wrote about what he saw• Many didn’t believe him at first• Which invention allowed people to read Marco
Polo’s journal entries in the 1400s?
DESIRE FOR WEALTH!
• Hoped to benefit from trade of spices and other luxuries from Asia• After Crusades – Demand for nutmeg, ginger,
cinnamon, and pepper• Demand for these goods greater than supply –
what do you think that meant for these prices?
ARABS AND ITALIANS
• Controlled trade of goods from East to West• Arabs sold Asian goods to Italian merchants, who
controlled trade routes of Mediterranean region • What type of price do you think Italian merchants
sold these goods at?
ITALIAN MERCHANTS
• Sold these goods at extremely high prices!• To avoid these Italian merchants…..
• NEEDED TO FIND A SEA ROUTE DIRECTLY TO ASIA!!!• European merchants and monarchs of England,
Portugal, Spain, and France desired this• Make sure you know these 4 countries – they will
lead the way for exploration
DESIRE TO SPREAD CHRISTIANITY!
• Crusades = hostility between Muslims and Christians• European nations believed they had to keep
fighting Muslims and convert non-Christians throughout the world
WANT TO ADD TO THEIR EMPIRES!
• These countries wanted to expand the boundaries of their empires as well• More land = more powerful
MOTTO OF THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
GOD, GLORY, GOLD!!!!
ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY
• 1200 – Couldn’t sail against the wind• Now they could!• Borrowed ship design model from the Muslims
they encountered in Crusades• Caravel – Ship with Triangular lanteen sails that
could sail against the wind • Under-deck made room for items to be traded
CARAVEL
OTHER NAVIGATIONAL TECHNIQUES
• Compass• N, S, E, W• Actually invented by Chinese
• Astrolabe• Could determine location on sea• Brass circle with adjusted rings marked off in degrees. Using
the stars, could tell how north or south of Equator he was.• Muslims had perfected this device
• Improved Maps• Sextant• Measured angular distances• Could measure altitude
SEXTANT
WHAT IS AN ASTROLABE?
• https://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_demos_the_13th_century_astrolabe?language=en
IN CASE YOU’VE NEVER SEEN A COMPASS BEFORE…
PRINCE HENRY OF PORTUGAL
• Most enthusiastic supporter of exploration• Began dreaming of exploration in 1415 when he
conquered Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa• Found cinnamon, cloves, and other SPICES• Also wanted to spread Christian faith
HENRY CONTINUED
• Founded navigation school• Mapmakers, instrument makers, shipbuilders, sea
captains & scientists went to perfect their trade.• Began creeping down west coast of Africa• Died in 1460 – but Portuguese had established
trading posts along shores of Africa• Traded GOLD and IVORY• Eventually traded for African slaves
EXPLORATION BEGINS
• Portuguese believed they would have to sail around the southern tip of Africa to reach Asia by sea!• First Portuguese explorer – Bartolomeu Dias
DIAS
• 1487• Encountered huge storm• Ships had been blown around tip of Africa to other
side• Explored southeast coast of Africa and then
continued sailing to India• Running low on supplies and exhausted so they
turned around
DIAS AND MAP
SO…WHY DID EUROPEANS EXPLORE?
• Compose a List
WHY DID EUROPEANS EXPLORE?
• Get to Asia for trade• Curiosity about other lands (Renaissance ideas)• Reformation – missionaries• Monarchs seeking new source of revenue• Technological Advances• Fame and Fortune