Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is...
-
date post
19-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
2
Transcript of Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is...
![Page 1: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Why Detectors are Important
Don FigerRIDL, RIT
![Page 2: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
This is Why Detectors are Important
.2
, NtitQEFh
AtQEFh
A
tQEFh
A
N
SSNR
readdarkbackinstinst
inst
.1,0,0 QLIDs,for QENi readdark
TRANSLATION: With better detectors, you make more discoveries, solve more problems, cure more people, identify more threats, reduce war, and manage resources more effectively.
![Page 3: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Make Discoveries: Galactic Center
El Centro Galáctico: 1967-1994
Gatley/NOAO/KPNO, (PtSi array) G. Neugebauer & E. E. Becklin/Caltech (PbS)
![Page 4: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
The Galactic Center: Closeup
Forrest, Pipher, & Stein 1986, IRTF, 32x32 InSb
![Page 5: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
”Imaging” Detectors for non-imaging Applications: Spectroscopy
Figer et al. 2000
![Page 6: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Cure People
![Page 7: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Identify Threats
• Threats to national space security assets– inter-continental ballistic missiles– anti-satellite kill vehicle– orbital debris– laser blinding systems
• Threats to people/homeland– bio/chem hazards– dirty bombs
![Page 8: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Reduce War
• Monitoring– treaty compliance– nuclear proliferation– arms buildup
• Enabling pre-emptive strikes• Enabling conflict resolution
![Page 9: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Manage Resources
Water
Vegetation
Forests
Atmosphere (e.g. ozone)
![Page 10: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Enter Quantum-LimitedImaging Detectors
![Page 11: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Quantum-Limited Imaging Detectors
• These detectors are limited by the information carried by a photon.– existence– wavelength– polarization
• The task to realize these detectors is difficult. It’s “easier said than done…..”
![Page 12: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Read NoiseThe Importance of Read Noise in Imaging
Images of the Arches cluster near the Galactic center, based on real data obtained with Keck/LGSAO. Each image has synthetic shot noise and increasing read noise (left to right and top to bottom: 0, 5, 10, 100 electrons).
![Page 13: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Better Detector or Bigger Telescope
Effective Telescope Size vs. Read Noise
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Read Noise (electrons)
Tel
esco
pe D
iam
eter
(m
)
This plot shows a curve of constant sensitivity for a range of telescope diameters and detector read noise values in low-light applications. A 30 meter telescope and zero read noise detector would deliver the same signal-to-noise ratio as a 60 meter telescope with current detectors.
![Page 14: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
James Webb Space Telescope
![Page 15: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Hunt for Dark Energy
Brown 2007, PhD Thesis
![Page 16: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Finding Earth-like Planets
Clampin 2005, SDW
![Page 17: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Imaging at Night
![Page 18: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Traditional Low-Light Limitations
Integration TimeShort Infinite
![Page 19: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
LIDAR+Photon Counting Simulation
3D Point Cloud Integrated 2D Intensity Image Utilizing Laser forIllumination
LIDAR Imaging
Full Moon Half Moon New MoonGm-APD as a Photon CounterUnder AmbientIllumination
![Page 20: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Key Detector Characteristics
DarkCurrentDark
Current λ/Δλλ/ΔλQEQE λλReadNoise
ReadNoise ΔtΔt
Quantum-Limited Imaging Detector
PP
EarthSystemScience
EarthSystemScience
BiomedicalImaging
BiomedicalImaging
HomelandSafety
HomelandSafety DefenseDefense
![Page 21: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Challenges
![Page 22: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
QLID Technology Challenges
• Non-standard (non-CMOS) fabrication• Cold temperature operation (10’s mK?)• False counts (afterpulsing)• Long dead times• Low spectral resolution• Polarization?
![Page 23: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Challenges=$$$
![Page 24: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
George Smith and Willard Boyle Invent CCDs at Bell Labs in 1969
![Page 25: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
The First Astronomical CCD Image
In 1973, the American company Fairchild Imaging developed their first commercial CCD. Consisting of 100 x 100 pixels, it was used in 1974 to produce the first astronomical photo ever taken by a digital camera. It consisted of an image of the Moon captured using a 20-centimetre telescope, by Jim Janesick (http://astro-canada.ca/_en/a2310.html)
![Page 26: Why Detectors are Important Don Figer RIDL, RIT. 2 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium This is Why Detectors are Important TRANSLATION: With better.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d3e5503460f94a16c4d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium
Summary
• Detectors play a crucial role in high performance photon sensing instruments.
• Some of the most demanding future applications require new advanced detectors.
• We are at the cusp of the era of quantum-limited imaging detectors