Why are Food Safety Regulations Needed? $400-500 billion per year in food trade Increase export...
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Why are Food SafetyRegulations Needed?
• $400-500 billion per year in food trade• Increase export partners• Increase ease of exporting • Minimize financial loss• Increase agricultural intensity• Biological contamination is a major cause
of death in developing counties• Increase food security
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Why is government intervention needed?
• Incomplete markets for food safety
• Imperfect information
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Are There International Standards? - Yes
• WTO– Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures (SPS)• Established January 1, 1995• Final decision: Uruguay Round of multilateral trade
negotiations
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Benefits of SPS
• Consumers are receiving food that is safe to eat• Avoid standards that lead to excessive trade
restrictions• Set basic rules for food safety• Sovereignty in setting country-specific
regulations• Regulations based on science• No unjustified or arbitrary discrimination to
counties with similar conditions
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Impediments to Food Safety Regulation in Developing Countries• Lack of food act
• Lack of food control infrastructure
• Lack of facilities to implement food control practice properly
• Shortage of train staff
• Lack of qualified judges
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Why are Developing Countries Lagging Behind?
• Limited financial and physical resources
• Low purchasing power
• Importance on political agenda
• Lack of motivation
• Low capacity
• Fragmented food system
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Why are Developing Countries Lagging Behind
• Underdeveloped post-harvest infrastructure
• Inappropriate technology
• Food service establishment are poorly maintained
• Constant changes in Codex Alimentarius
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Capacity Strengthening Needs for:
• Policymakers
• Analysts
• Scientists
• Inspectors
• Processors
• Producers
• Export control programs
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Basic Guidelines for FoodSafety Policies
• Adequate
• Equivalent/Harmonized
• Scientifically based
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Implementing Pre-Harvest Food Safety-
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Challenges to Pre-Harvest Food Safety
• Limited information on effective practices
• National governments have limited authority
• Numerous variables exist, such as farm practices, animal health, and the environment
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Farm-to-Table Strategy
• “Those in control of each segment must bear the responsibility for identifying and preventing or reducing food safety hazards.”
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Pathogen Reduction/HACCP Rule
• Cornerstone of strategy
• HACCP, performance standards for Salmonella, testing for generic E. coli, sanitation SOP’s
• Ripple effect to pre-harvest level
• Results: reduced Salmonella on products; reduced human illnesses
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Factors Driving Pre-harvest Change
• Regulatory requirements– HACCP rule– E. coli O157:H7
• Marketplace demand
• Consumers
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Third-Party Certification Programs
• Demand growing,
• Assure purchasers that certain practices have been followed
• Non-Hormone Treated Cattle Program
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Pre-Harvest Strategy
• No regulatory authority at pre-harvest
• Educate producers
• Research
• Farm-to-table risk assessments
• Transparency critical
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Educating Producers
• Use existing infrastructure to communicate
• Partnerships with state animal health agencies
• Commodity-specific programs such as Trichina-safe pork certification
• Guidelines for producers
• Producer organizations play role
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Research
• More research needed to identify specific practices to reduce hazards
• Multiple intervention strategies needed
• Promising interventions include competitive exclusion, feed and water additives
• Decoded genome for E. coli O157:H7 may lead to a vaccine
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Farm-to-Table Risk Assessments
• Salmonella Enteritidis– Led to Egg Safety Action Plan– Farm-to-table interventions being
implemented by various agencies
• Risk Assessment Center
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Future Plans
• Build on current activities
• Increased role for veterinarians at pre-harvest level– education– disease traceback– residue avoidance
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Recommendations
• New requirements for meat and poultry plants should have a ripple effect on production sector
• Partnerships critical
• Science, through risk assessment, is key to developing effective risk reduction strategies
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Goal
• We must bring producers into the food safety business in order for the farm-to-table chain to stay connected and be effective.”
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Strategy of Agriculture and Food in Albania
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Agriculture and Food• Maintaining the increasing level of
agricultural and livestock products, agro foodstuffs and fishery
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Annex 2
• 1.3.3.Restructuring and strengthening the institution the institutions and laboratories for control and certification of fertilizers, seeds ,fodders
• 1.4.1.restructuring of agriculture research institutions
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• 1.4.2.Strengthening the phyto sanitary and plant protection services; supervising plant diseases and animal pests ; control of products for plant protection and of phyto pharmacies ; strengthening inter institutional cooperation to prevent epidemics ; encouraging producers to apply integrated plant protection and supporting their initiatives for organic agriculture
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• 1.4.3. Continuation and extension of projects for the improvement of veterinary prophylaxis and animal health
• Supervising zoo-technical diseases and collaboration with Ministry of health to reduce human and animal infections
• Taking measures for the signalization and prevention of diseases in List A and other diseases
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• Improving of policies for the use of human and financial resources in the veterinarian services all over the country