Whole Body Terms Dr. Michael P. Gillespie
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Transcript of Whole Body Terms Dr. Michael P. Gillespie
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Whole Body Whole Body TermsTerms
Dr. Michael P. Dr. Michael P. GillespieGillespie
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Chapter Goals
D
efine terms that apply to the structural organization of the body.
I
dentify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those
cavities.
L
ocate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen.
L
ocate and name the anatomical divisions of the back.
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Chapter Goals
B
ecome acquainted with terms that describe
positions, directions, and planes of the body.
I
dentify the meanings for new word elements and use
them to understand medical terms.
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Structural Organization of the Body
C
ELLS
T
ISSUES
O
RGANS
S
YSTEMS
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Structural Organization of the Body
C
ells—Fundamental units of all
living things
M
ajor parts of a cell include:• chromosomes• nucleus• cell membrane• cytoplasm
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Structural Organization of the BodyC
ELL—the fundamental unit of all living things
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m
etabolism
a
nabolism
c
atabolism
c
ell membrane
c
hromosomes
c
ytoplasm
D
NA
Study Section 1e
ndoplasmic reticulum
g
enes
k
aryotype
m
etabolism
m
itochondria
n
ucleus
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Structural Organization of the BodyC
ells are specialized to carry
out individual functions.
S
ome cell types• Epithelial cell• Fat cell• Nerve cell• Muscle cell
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Structural Organization of the Body
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Structural Organization of the Body
T
issues
D
ifferent tissue types include: Epithelial Tissue Muscle Tissue Connective Tissue Nerve Tissue
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Structural Organization of the Body
O
rgans: Different types of tissue combine to form
an organ
S
ystems: Groups of organs working together to
perform complex functions
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a
dipose tissue
c
artilage
e
pithelial cells
h
istologist
l
arynx
p
harynx
p
ituitary gland
Study Section 2t
hyroid gland
t
rachea
u
reter
u
rethra
u
terus
v
iscera
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C
ranial
T
horacic
A
bdominal
P
elvic
S
pinal
Body Cavities and Organs
Brain
Lungs and heart
Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas
Portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum
Nerves of the spinal cord
Cavity Cavity Organ(s)Organ(s)
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Body CavitiesI
dentify the body cavities in
the figure
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Body CavitiesB
ody cavities are the
spaces within the body
that contain internal
organs (viscera).
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QUICK QUIZ:
1. Which body cavity contains the
pleural cavity and the mediastinum?
A. cranial
B. pelvic
C. spinal
D. thoracic
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QUICK QUIZ:
2. Which body cavity contains
the peritoneum?A.abdominalB.pelvicC.spinalD.thoracic
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic and Thoracic Cavities
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic and Thoracic Cavities
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a
bdominal cavity
c
ranial cavity
d
iaphragm
d
orsal (posterior)
m
ediastinum
Study Section 3p
leura
p
leural cavity
s
pinal cavity
t
horacic cavity
v
entral (anterior)
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Abdominopelvic Regions
Regions
• Right Hypochondriac region• Left Hypochondriac region • Epigastric region • Right Lumbar region• Left Lumbar region • Umbilical region • Right Inguinal region• Left Inguinal region• Hypogastric region
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Abdominopelvic Regions
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Abdominopelvic Regions
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Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Q
uadrants • Right upper quadrant (RUQ) • Left upper quadrant (LUQ)• Right lower quadrant (RLQ) • Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
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Abdominopelvic Quadrants
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Abdominopelvic Quadrants
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Anatomical Divisions of the Back
C
ervical
T
horacic
L
umbar
S
acral
C
occygeal
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Anatomical Divisions of the Back
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Anatomical Divisions of the Back
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QUICK QUIZ:
3. Name the abdominopelvic region
that is located in the central region
near the navel.A. inguinalB. umbilicalC. lumbarD. hypochondriac
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QUICK QUIZ:
4. Name the abdominopelvic region
that is located in the lower middle
below the umbilical region.A. inguinalB. epigastricC. lumbarD. hypogastric
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Positions, Directions, and Planes of the Body
Positional and Directional Terms • Anterior (ventral) • Posterior (dorsal) • Deep • Superficial • Proximal • Distal • Inferior • Superior
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Positional and Directional Terms
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Positional and Directional Terms
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Positions, Directions, and Planes of the Body
P
ositional and Directional Terms (cont’d)• Medial• Lateral• Supine• Prone
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Positions, Directions, and Planes of the Body
P
lanes of the Body • Frontal (coronal) • Sagittal (lateral) • Transverse (cross-sectional or axial)
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Positional and Directional Terms
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Positional and Directional Terms
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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes
a
bdomin/o abdomen
a
dip/o fat
a
nter/o front
b
ol/o to cast (throw)
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes
c
ervic/o neck (of the body or uterus)
c
hondr/o cartilage
c
hrom/o color
c
occyg/o coccyx (tailbone)
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes
crani/
o skull
cyt/o
cell
dist/o
far, distant
dors/o
back portion of the body
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
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Combining Forms, Suffixes and Prefixes
h
ist/o tissue
i
li/o ilium (of the pelvic bone)
i
nguin/o groin
k
ary/o nucleus
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes
l
ater/o side
l
umb/o lower back
m
edi/o middle
n
ucle/o nucleus
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes
p
elv/i pelvis
p
oster/o back, behind
p
roxim/o nearest
s
acr/o sacrum
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes
s
arc/o flesh
s
pin/o spine, backbone
t
hel/o nipple
t
horac/o chest
t
rache/o trachea, windpipe
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes
u
mbilic/o navel, umbilicus
v
entr/o belly side of the body
v
ertebro vertebra(e), backbone(s)
v
iscer/o internal organs
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes
a
na- up
cata- down
epi- above
hypo- below
inter- between
meta- change
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes
-eal pertaining
to
-iac pertaining to
-ior pertaining to
-ism process,
condition
-ose pertaining to,
full of
-plasm formation
-somes bodies
-type picture,
classification
SuffixSuffix Meaning Meaning
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QUICK QUIZ:
5. Which term means process
of cutting the skull?A. thoracotomyB. craniotomyC. diskectomyD. arthroscopy
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Pronunciation Guide Review
ā
as in āpe
ē
as in ēven
ī
as in īce
ō
as in ōpen
ū
as in ūnit
ă
as in ăpple
ĕ
as in ĕvery
ĭ
as in ĭnterest
ŏ
as in pŏt
ŭ
as in ŭnder
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PronunciationE
xamples:
a
dipose ĂD-ĭ-pōs
c
audal KAWD- ăl
d
istal DĬS-tăl
t
rachea TRĀ-kē-ă