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Who was in the Americas? Northern Regions
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Who was in the Americas?Northern Regions
• Arctic and Northwest• California Great Basin• Southwest• Great plains• Eastern Woodlands
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Arctic and Northwest• Cold climate• Hunted whales and other
sea life• Limited trade along coast• Lived in small lineage
groups• Mythical stories created to
strengthen lineage group• Potlatches- dinners that
symbolized lineage wealth• totem poles represent
culture
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California/Great Basin• Warm climate• Diets of mussels &
shellfish• Celebrated religious
festivals• Religion based on
natural spirits of animals and earth
• GB - moved in small bands
• Built windbreak shelters
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Southwest• High desert regions• Built irrigation
canals because farms had a lack of water
• Pueblo built adobe buildings (sun-dried brick)
• multi-storied apartments
• Some tribes were raiders rather than sedentary
• Religion revolved around honoring spirits of the earth
Includes Hohokam, Pueblo, Apache & Navajo
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Great Plains
• Between Rocky Mts & Miss. River• Grasslands - dry• Hunters followed big game - bison (buffalo)• Used every part of bison for food, clothing, shelter &
tools• Crow and Blackfoot
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Eastern Woodlands• Had protected environment
due to forests• hunted (deer, turkey) and
farmed (corn, squash, tobacco)
• Villages built, some mound builders
• Villages centered around religious structure and activities
• Formed Iroquois League to settle dispute
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Who was in the Americas?Meso-America (“Middle America”)
• Olmec• Maya• Aztec• Inca
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OLMEC• 1500 -300 BC• Near Gulf of Mexico• Carved enormous stone
heads of volcanic rock• Chief god - cat-like with
jaguar face• Division of labor• Hieroglyphics• calendar• farm techniques - slash and
burn
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Maya
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MAYANS• Yucatan Peninsula• City States• Complex religion - two
layers (now and otherworld)
• Human sacrifice • Writing, ball playing
(pok-a-tok), astronomy, mathematicians (zero)
• Calendar (365)• demise - war, drought,
infighting
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Palenque
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Mayan Temples
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The Aztecs
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AZTECSPyramids of
Tenochtitlán
• Capital city of Tenochtitlan - island in middle of lake
• Society - hierarchy with emperor at top & criminals/debtors at bottom
• human sacrifice• children of the sun• Empire under
Montezuma conquered by Spaniards (Cortes)
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Pyramid of the Sun
Pyramid of the Moon
Teotihuacan
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Quetzalcoatlgod of wind &
knowledge
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Canoe moving about the
chinampas
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Weaving
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Aztec Calendar
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Montezuma Cortes
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The Inca
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INCASMachu Picchu
• Located in Andes Mountains (S. Amer)
• Strong central gov’t; huge empire extending length of South America
• Built paved roads & suspension bridges - used running messengers
• Instead of writing system used knotted string to communicate messages & keep records - quipu
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Inca terraces
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Suspension bridge
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Quipu
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Atahualpa Pizarro
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Destruction of Culture• The Meso-American kingdoms
were as advanced and sophisticated as the ancient Greeks and Romans
• The European conquerors tried to destroy the evidence of this sophisticated culture