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Chapter 1

The Three Quests for theHistorical Jesus

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- 1977 DER SPEIGEL The Mirror

editor Jesus Son of Man

how the Christian Church daresappeal to a Jesus who never existed,to a mandate he never issued, and

to a claim that he was Gods son,which he never presumed forhimself

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-1985 Robert founded JESUS SEMINAR

- a group of about 150 critical scholars

and laymen who- meet twice a year effort to discover real Jesusbehind the Gospels and doctrine of the Church

-color-coded beads to vote-They produced new translations of the NewTestament and apocrypha to use as textualsources

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Jewish sage

Wisdom teacherCynic Philosopher

Countercultural critique

accidentally crucified

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-difference was first noted in the18th century

-German Scholar H.S. Reimarus

- Three diff. quest for theHistorical Jesus

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Hermann Samuel Reimarus

1694 1768 Manuscript

Message and intention of Jesus differ fromthe early church ---.G.E. Lessing Fragments

JESUS: free Israel from the Roman rulepostles: disappointed; secure their

position-created Christian story

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Reimarus contributions- recognized difference between

historical Jesus and Christ proclaimed

by Scriptures and Church- - pointed to difference between

History and Dogma-

- raised critical question who is Jesusof Nazareth?Suggested historical real Jesus can be

known through historical scholarship

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Leben Jesu books- ethical teacher,

friend of poor, ideal human being,a character of fiction

George Tyrrell toAdolf von Harnack

- rotestant face

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- Martin Kahler introduce a

distinction became part of thevocabulary of Christology

Jesus and Christ

Historical Jesus and

Historic, biblical Jesus

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Albert Schweitzer- 1875-1965

- liberal quest as great achievement of

German Theology yet flawed bec.Theologians pursuing it presupposedthat Jesus was a modern man. Jesus was

portrayed in their Own image-Jesus as apocalyptic preacher: died a failure

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- Christian Weisse = source Q

- William Wrede Mark Messianic secret

- Martin Kahler = Jesus of History and

Christ Faith

- Reimarus

Johannes Weiss Jesus be understood in the

context of 1

st

centurySchweitzer Palestinian Judaism

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1953 Ernst KasemannThe Problem of the Historical Jesus

New Methods of Historical-critical

scholarship(source, form, redaction criticism)

Bultmann and Karl Barth- continuity of

historical Jesus and Christ of Faith

Not burdened by rationalist,presuppositions of the Enlightenment

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Recognizing the Gospels while not themselveshistories contain historical material

Rejects myth and Docetism

It does not bypass the kerygma

Historical Jesus interpreted through kerygma

Historical Jesus helps us interpret the kerygma

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- Rediscovery of the Kerygma

- Many practitioners still remained halfliberal: easily dismissed miraculous asmythological

- much a product of modernity

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Early 1980s recover historical world of Jesus

using properly historical

methods and social sciencesrather than literary disciplines

Josephus first century Jewish historianQumran-Apocalyptic writings

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used social sciences

investigates

the structure of Galilean Family

social relationships

position of women

religious milieuways of handing down and expression of

tradition

Extent of Hellenistic Greek influence

impact of Roman domination and system of

taxation

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JESUS Seminar find the real Jesus hidden

behind the theology of theevangelist and dogma of the

ChurchRobert Funk Christ of the Christian faith

John Dominic Crossan and N.T.Wright

Gnostic Gospel of ThomasGospel of Peter

secret Gospel of Mark JESUS

Social Anthropology

Jewish Cynic Philosophermagician

open Commensality

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Jesus killed by romans Not byJews

Passion narrative ashypothetical Cross GospelResurrection Story as

legitimations of the leaders ofearly Church Leaders

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- Reconstructs Jesus as a wisdom teacher: socialexperiment

- Mark as real founder of Christianity

Jesus as Spirit person: charismatic sage and

healer social prophet a movement founder He was put to death because his social vision

threatened the dominant classes

Agnostic about after life

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Luke Timothy Johnson

an entrepreneurial venture

Does not represent consensus of scholars

Richard Haysmethodology as problematic

questionable selection and dating of sources

E. Brown

dangerous false impression

not added much to the knowledge of the

Historical Jesus

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First Quest

Flawed byEnlightenmentpresuppositions

Jesus of Historyand Christ of Faith

Priority of Mark

Q hypothesis

Third Quest

Application of Historical

and Social Studies Historical Jesus cannot

simply be identifiedwith real Jesus andcant be an object ofChristian Faith

Second Quest

Continuity of Jesus ofHistory and Christ of Faith

Defined the tools forhistorical-critical study oftext

Development of NT

Preaching of Jesus in hisown time