Who do you believe?Who do you believe?Comparing Perspectives about the Comparing Perspectives about the

Bear River MassacreBear River Massacre

Chapter 9: Settlements, Chapter 9: Settlements, Transportation, and MiningTransportation, and Mining

Bell ActivityBell ActivityYour words are “ruthless” & Your words are “ruthless” &

“skirmish”“skirmish” Find the words on your blue study guide and Find the words on your blue study guide and

complete the following information for the complete the following information for the word.word.Find the definition using a glossary.Find the definition using a glossary.Use your own knowledge and experience to Use your own knowledge and experience to

complete the rest of the definition.complete the rest of the definition.

Where should your backpack be?Where should your backpack be?

No gum in class. Throw it in the garbage before class begins!

Word: ruthless My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: Draw a picture of it:

Sentence:

Synonym/Example:

Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like Does your work look something like this?this?

Word: ruthless My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: without pity or compassion; Draw a picture of it:

cruel

Sentence:

Synonym/Example: cruel, brutal, merciless

Antonym/Non-Example: pity, compassion, kind

Does your work look something like Does your work look something like this?this?

Word: skirmish My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: Draw a picture of it:

Sentence:

Synonym/Example:

Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like Does your work look something like this?this?

Word: skirmish My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: a brisk conflict or Draw a picture of it:

encounter

Sentence: The

Synonym/Example: brief fight, short battle

Antonym/Non-Example: negotiation, peace

Does your work look something like Does your work look something like this?this?

Imagine this ScenarioImagine this Scenario You come upon two students fighting in the You come upon two students fighting in the

hallway. They are surrounded by a circle of hallway. They are surrounded by a circle of classmates; some encouraging the combatants, classmates; some encouraging the combatants, the others looking afraid.the others looking afraid.

A teacher appears on the scene and breaks up A teacher appears on the scene and breaks up the fight. How should the teacher determine the fight. How should the teacher determine what happened?what happened?

What if the teacher only listens to one of the What if the teacher only listens to one of the student’s story, not the other’s side of the story? student’s story, not the other’s side of the story? Is that fair and reasonable? Is that fair and reasonable?

Later, a principal has to determine the Later, a principal has to determine the combatants’ fate. How does the principal, who combatants’ fate. How does the principal, who didn’t even see the fight, figure out what to do didn’t even see the fight, figure out what to do with them?with them?

Today we will learn…Today we will learn…

History Objective – History Objective – We will compare andWe will compare and contrast primary contrast primary sources about the sources about the Battle of Bear River/Battle of Bear River/Bear River Massacre Bear River Massacre to learn about this to learn about this event. event.

Behavior Objective – Courtesy & Respect: We Behavior Objective – Courtesy & Respect: We will discuss our ideas and listen to others will discuss our ideas and listen to others respectfully.respectfully.

Language Objective - Language Objective - We will read the We will read the sources and discuss sources and discuss them with a small them with a small group, then compare group, then compare the source with the source with another perspective another perspective of the event.of the event.

Primary vs. Secondary?Primary vs. Secondary?

Primary SourcePrimary Source A primary source is a A primary source is a

document or physical document or physical object which was written object which was written or created during the or created during the time under study. time under study.

These sources were These sources were present during an present during an experience or time experience or time period and period and offer an an inside view of a inside view of a particular event. particular event.

ExamplesExamples Some types of primary sources Some types of primary sources

include: ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS include: ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations (excerpts or translations acceptable): Diaries, speeches, acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, news film footage, autobiographies, official records  autobiographies, official records 

CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art  drama, novels, music, art 

RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings , clothing, buildings

Primary vs. Secondary?Primary vs. Secondary?

Secondary SourceSecondary Source A secondary source A secondary source

interprets and analyzes interprets and analyzes primary sources. These primary sources. These sources are one or sources are one or more steps removed more steps removed from the event. from the event.

Secondary sources Secondary sources may have pictures, may have pictures, quotes or graphics of quotes or graphics of primary sources in primary sources in them.   them.  

ExamplesExamples Some types of secondary sources Some types of secondary sources

include: PUBLICATIONS: include: PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticisms, histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias  commentaries, encyclopedias 

Examples of secondary sources Examples of secondary sources include: A journal/magazine include: A journal/magazine article which interprets or article which interprets or reviews previous findings  reviews previous findings 

A history textbook  A history textbook  A book about the effects ofWWIA book about the effects ofWWI

Background FactsBackground Facts

In the last chapter we In the last chapter we learned that there was learned that there was conflict between the conflict between the settlers and the Native settlers and the Native Americans in the Salt Americans in the Salt Lake area.Lake area.

As more settlements As more settlements spread into northern spread into northern Utah, what do you Utah, what do you think will happen? think will happen?

Where did it Where did it happen?happen?

The Bear River The Bear River Massacre/Battle Massacre/Battle took place just took place just north of Preston north of Preston here in Cache here in Cache Valley.Valley.

People to KnowPeople to Know

Patrick ConnorPatrick Connor Chief SagwitchChief Sagwitch

InstructionsInstructions

With your group, read the primary With your group, read the primary document that you have been given.document that you have been given.

Then answer the questions on the Then answer the questions on the front side of the yellow paper on your front side of the yellow paper on your own piece of paper.own piece of paper.

Let’s read…and discuss!Let’s read…and discuss!

InstructionsInstructions

Now you will reorganize into a new Now you will reorganize into a new group that has people representing group that has people representing both documents.both documents.

Each side should read their summary Each side should read their summary of what happened in the document, of what happened in the document, then the other side does the same then the other side does the same with their summary.with their summary.

Bear River, a continuing storyBear River, a continuing story

This monument was This monument was erected at the site erected at the site of the Bear River of the Bear River event.event.

Each side tells a Each side tells a slightly different slightly different version of the story.version of the story.

The First Marker…The First Marker…

This monument was This monument was erected in 1932 by erected in 1932 by the Franklin County the Franklin County Chapter of Chapter of Daughters of the Daughters of the Utah Pioneers and Utah Pioneers and other local other local associations.associations.

Whose side does Whose side does this part of the this part of the monument take?monument take?

Yet another marker…Yet another marker…

This was later This was later added to another added to another side of the side of the monument.monument.

How is it similar to How is it similar to the first plaque?the first plaque?

How is it different How is it different than the earlier than the earlier one?one?

Changing Ideas…Changing Ideas…

This monument This monument has a different has a different tone than the first tone than the first monument.monument.

When do you When do you think it was built?think it was built?

Colonel Connor’s Account Gets Colonel Connor’s Account Gets CompetitionCompetition

For many years the only side of the Bear River story that people For many years the only side of the Bear River story that people accepted was Colonel Connor’s and those that supported his version of accepted was Colonel Connor’s and those that supported his version of events.events.

In the last thirty years, the Shoshone’s side of the story has begun to be In the last thirty years, the Shoshone’s side of the story has begun to be recognized.recognized.

An addition to the original An addition to the original monument…monument…

This sign was This sign was added to the added to the original marker original marker site. site.

How is different How is different than the others?than the others?

Which perspective Which perspective does it take of the does it take of the incident?incident?

A new monument for a new A new monument for a new century.century.

As the Shoshone As the Shoshone perspective of Bear perspective of Bear River has gained River has gained acceptance among acceptance among scholarsscholars

The tribe has begun The tribe has begun to regain land at the to regain land at the sight of the massacre, sight of the massacre, they have created a they have created a new monument to new monument to give their side of what give their side of what happened.happened.

A more complete story…A more complete story…

A Continuing Search for A Continuing Search for “What Really Happened”…“What Really Happened”…

As historians continue As historians continue to find more primary to find more primary sources about the sources about the Bear River Massacre, Bear River Massacre, history continues to history continues to adapt to these new adapt to these new perspectives.perspectives.