WHO 1 Pretesting Educational Materials Promoting Rational Drug Use in the Community Pretesting...
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Transcript of WHO 1 Pretesting Educational Materials Promoting Rational Drug Use in the Community Pretesting...
Pretesting Educational MaterialsPromoting Rational Drug Use in the Community WHO
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Promoting Rational Drug Use in the Community
Pretesting educational materials
Pretesting Educational MaterialsPromoting Rational Drug Use in the Community WHO
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Session objectives
Understand importance of pretesting Understand when, where, with
whom and how to pretest Understand how malaria instruction
materials are tested Learn skills to conduct pretesting
interview, and assess the information obtained
Learn to advocate the importance of pretesting
Pretesting Educational MaterialsPromoting Rational Drug Use in the Community WHO
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Pretesting assesses:
Recognition: have the materials been understood?
Acceptability: is there anything offensive/unacceptable in the materials?
Familiarity and relevance: is the problem known and relevant to the target audience?People are most likely to
consider/adopt change if these factors are considered
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Assessing perception of a picture
This visual is from Kilifi, Kenya, where it is used as a symbol of child fever
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Why should you pretest?
Save money Avoid big mistakes Reach people with useful
information and education – which they can understand, accept, and act on
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Uganda Red Cross Poster
Source: Uganda Red Cross, Kampala, 1985
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Two versions of a teaching poster
Source: Ministry of Health and UNICEF Nepal, 1977
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Litrosol: Small details make a difference
From: Rasmuson MR et al. Communication for child survival, United States Agency for International Development, June 1988, Washington DC
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Main influences on quality of information:
Attitude of pretester Interpersonal communication skills The way you ask (open) questions The way you listen actively to the
respondent
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Exercise
Develop an instruction (visual + verbal) on how to use drugs (ARVs or AMs) with a patient. Define who the patient is (rural/urban…..
Develop some questions to ask, to find out if the instructions are understood, accepted and relevant
Test out the instruction with one of the participants in the course.
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When should you pretest?
Early in the process of developing materials
Use rough materials
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Nepal Healthy Baby
Source: Haaland A. Pretesting Communication Materials
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With how many do you pretest?
Test with 10-30 people, depending on version
Key problems show in first 5-10 interviews
Keep testing until you: Have defined the problem, or seen trend
in responses Know what the next version should look
like
70% of respondents should recognise final version
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Individuals, or groups?
Test with individuals to define the problem
Test with groups to find a solution
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Pretesting interview guidelines: 1 Undisturbed place: Respondent at ease Motivate respondent to participate: Explain
purpose of interview Take away the fear: You are testing the
picture, NOT the intelligence of respondent No right or wrong answers Convince the respondent as “expert“
his/her opinion is valuable Invite respondent to ask questions
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Pretesting interview guidelines: 2
Essential methods during interview: Asking open questions Probing Active listening Discuss/agree Work in pairs – interviewer and
recorder
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Pretesting interview guidelines: 3What to avoid: Telling people they are wrong (or implying
it) Arguing or contradicting Teaching or advising Talking with others during interview
(recorder or community members) Challenging or leading questions Testing too many pictures with one person Testing too much text at a time
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Pretesting interview guidelines: 4
Methods to test pictures:
Test pictures one at a time for recognition, familiarity, relevance
If several versions, test for preference
Ask for suggestions
Test last for meaning/abstract interpretation
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Pretesting interview guidelines: 5Methods to test text: respondent reads text - note difficult words and
hesitation ask for words which are difficult ask respondent what text means (after each
section/sentence) - if it not clear explain ask how respondent would express idea in own
words at the end ask about understanding of whole compare understanding to purpose ask for suggestions
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Pretesting interview guidelines: 6Methods to test radio programmes: Play programme through without interruption Ask respondent questions based on
objectives Test for recognition of ideas/contents,
acceptability and familiarity Play the programme piece by piece. Ask respondent to stop the programme when
he/she has something to say Ask suggestions for changes.
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Pretesting summary
Pretesting is important in making your interventions effective
Pretesting assesses familiarity, acceptability and relevance
Pretesting saves time and money Pretesting needs careful planning Successful pretesting depends on
practice and good communication skills.