Whitepaper - ICORating€¦ · The defense swarm is a special concept of TIM. This is a type of...

Prabhat [email protected]

Abstract TIM is GPS combined with blockchain. And this changes everything. It exponentially improves the performance of permission-less agents by a new consensus mechanism based on geo-mining. The dapps become hyperlocal and geo-location aware. This boosts security and experience. The MVP network, at BitPost, provides 100k+tps capabilities for token transactions, smart contracts, IOT array operations scalable to 100M tps by Q4-2018. TIM network is automatically and dynamically managed by swarms and geo-mining for load distribution, fraud detection and network operations.

TIM WHITEPAPER Whitepaper

TIM Foundation Whitepaper

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NEW DEFINITIONS Token shall mean a cryptographic address representing an entity or smart contract specified in section 3

Foundation shall mean TALKING.IM network organization as a nonprofit entity for overseeing the TIM blockchain development, partnerships and impact related workings

Hyperlocal dapps shall mean dapps which work in a limited localized geographical area as specified in section 4-b

Geo-mining shall mean a method of authenticating primacy in a network as specified in section 4-c


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Contents 1. Disclaimer .................................................................................... 3

NO REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES .............................. 3 MARKET AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION ................................... 3

2. Abstract ....................................................................................... 4 3. Background & Way Forward .......................................................... 5

How TIM Works? ............................................................................ 6 4. TIM Protocol ................................................................................. 8

a. Proof of Belongingness .......................................................... 8 b. Dynamic Multi-zone ............................................................... 8 c. Defense swarm(TIM prescribed services ) ........................... 9 d. Geo-mining .............................................................................. 9 e. Hyperlocal geo-fenced dapps ............................................... 9 f. Blockchain file size & node responsibility .......................... 10 g. Network State File ................................................................ 10 h. Privacy ................................................................................... 11 i. Why it matters ....................................................................... 11

5. Alpha Program ............................................................................ 12 Test Net - Logistics Track & Trace ............................................. 12 Blockchain Taxi ............................................................................ 12

6. Future ........................................................................................ 13 Improvement ................................................................................. 13 Foundation .................................................................................... 13 Membership .................................................................................. 14

7. Reference .................................................................................. 14


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1. Disclaimer

NO REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES TALKING does not make or purport to make, and hereby disclaims, any representation, warranty or undertaking in any form whatsoever to any entity or person, including any representation, warranty or undertaking in relation to the truth, accuracy and completeness of any of the information set out in this whitepaper

MARKET AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION This whitepaper includes market and industry information and forecasts that have been obtained from internal surveys, reports and studies, where appropriate, as well as market research, publicly available information and industry publications. Such surveys, reports, studies, market research, publicly available information and publications generally state that the information that they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but there can be no assurance as to the accuracy or completeness of such included information. TALKING has not conducted any independent review of the information extracted from third party sources, verified the accuracy or completeness of such information or ascertained the underlying economic assumptions relied upon therein. Consequently, any entities of TALKING and officers and employees thereof do not make any representation or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall not be obliged to provide any updates on the same.


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2. Abstract

TALKING.IM (TIM) is a multi-zone blockchain running on specialized proof of belongingness based swarm defense app mechanism. Along with standard dapps, TIM blockchain provides hyperlocal geo-fenced dapps for economical and performant system of utility dapps. The defense mechanism works by a swarm of community apps which are run through communities or organizations with special smart contract with TALKING Foundation for providing a useful service along with proof of location for geo-mining. Currently TALKING.IM blockchain is running logistics track & trace devices (IOT) for postal and logistics companies like Singapore Post, Alibaba and other. The foundation is also launching a swarm defense mechanism in form of blockchain taxi to provide server-less ride hailing service to benefit consumers, drivers and environment by eliminating billions of dollars of power consumed by servers of organizations like uber, ola, lyft, grab etc. Combined, these produce a general system which can be used for transacting values built with information and running decentralized applications along with IOT devises.

TIM exponentially improves the performance of permission-less agents, in consensus based trust environment with geo-mining based participation for an open, decentralized, secure and distributed network of devices to exchange information. The beta network provides 500 transactions per seconds with 5 seconds wait time, which will scale to 500,000 transactions in both main network as well as hyperlocal networks, by end of 2018. The full launch will be achieved in phases with capabilities for token transactions, smart contracts, and IOT array operations across all frequencies of the spectrum. TIM network is automatically and dynamically managed by public nodes and secured by swarm apps for load distribution, fraud detection and network operations.


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3. Background & Way Forward From the advent of internet and most recently with innovation of bitcoin to build general purpose blockchains, it appears that the generic goal of humanity is to attain new or more freedom, more equality and more equitable access to resources. And certainly access to information is one of the key means to create a free, equal and equitable world. The progression of bitcoin as a cryptocurrency to USD 100B in 8 years is telling tale that, might be indirectly but, the general world always participates in creating a novel new platform which bring us closer to greater good.

The two of the major platforms for blockchain crypto-currencies, namely bitcoin and ethereum, have usurped an era of numerous many such crypto currencies. A number of new crypto-currencies are building new innovations to overcome existing bottlenecks, which are:

1. Speed of Transaction

2. Size of Blockchain

3. Confirmation time span

As of yet, none of the existing blockchain systems have been able to solve the trivial trio problems. The limitations are not just inconvenience but a real hard limit on achieving a parallel with established capabilities of conventional services or databases. For example per second transaction capability of VISA or MasterCard is approximately 40 thousands while it is less than 100 for bitcoin or ethereum. Also the success of bitcoin or ethereum for other usages has only made it more necessary that we overcome these limitations so that these novel systems become available for more strata of people. The development so far in blockchains and its commercialization are mostly creating a zero sum market of betting and speculation, with little only value or wealth generation. More so when the pioneering paper from Satoshi Nakamoto established visionary aspirations of free, fair and open internet using blockchain, the current development has only created the opportunity of more capitalism getting decentralized.

TIM will have 8.5+ billion tokens and normal production rate of 5 tokens per second. The production rate will be regulated by foundation to match human population. The notion of matching human population is for promoting a philosophy of growth. The tokens will be rewarded in new blocks every 5 seconds. The token will be assigned over all the main network for winning nodes of each of the zones. Therefore, the rewarded tokens would be mostly fractional. This is called micro-distribution. The network will start with 2 billion pre-mined tokens. These reserved for various kinds of econometric agenda. The major share of pre-mined tokens is reserved for impact investments. 500 Million TIMs are reserved for Africa development through various entrepreneurship initiatives. 600 Million TIMs are similarly reserved for rest of the world. Apart from development expenses, a stability fund of 500 Million TIMs are reserved for


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helping crypto-currency growth initiatives or helping starved projects. Stability funds can also be used for merging desirable networks to increase development resources or defenses for the TIM.

As shown in picture above, the main network in green comprises of many zones. The hyperlocal dapps are similarly comprising of multiple zones. Any conflict in any zone of hyperlocal dapp is referred to respective main network zone (the largest one, in case of multiple).

TIM provides an exponentially improved, open, and decentralized infrastructure for a peer to peer network driven by ecological geo-mining for an efficient blockchain operation overcoming the bottlenecks while also creating many new application features. This improves the performance of permission-less agents, in consensus based trust environment and with geo-mining based participation for a secure and distributed network of devices to exchange information.

TIM tokens are very much similar to tokens of any other cryptocurrency like bitcoin or ethereum. The tokens are cryptographic address for an entity or smart contract (akin to organizational entity) which can send and receive information over the network.

How TIM Works? As shown in below figure, TIM is a trusted internet. Since the network can be trusted, it is called internet of money. This trusted internet is made of multiple GPS enabled apps made of TIM prescribed apps and devices. These apps and devices are using GPS for their own natural purposes like taxi app, UAVs(drone) devices and many others. These apps and devices are secured and locked by TIM so that their integrity can be guaranteed. This is TIM network which is geo-


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location aware and provides a blockchain which is secured through proof of belongingness(PoB) mechanism.

The blockchain can handle all natural dapps like transaction, insurance, speculation, contracts etc. In addition to the above dapps, TIM can also host geo-fenced dapps which boosts the security and privacy.


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4. TIM Protocol

a. Proof of Belongingness Proof of belongingness (PoB) is geolocation based consensus mechanism to add new blocks in blockchain. Any node willing to write a block gets authentication of its location from TIM swarm apps. Swarm apps are secured utilities running on TIM blockchain. A node must have a minimum of 5 tokens to stake for eligibility. It is explained in further sections.

b. Dynamic Multi-zone

TIM operates in multiple zones and merges every 5 seconds to reach global consensus. The 2 default minimum zones cut the world map in 2 such that a square map is divided by a diagonal from north-west corner to south-east corner(as in figure below), which means that the network has at least 2 zones to function and has 1 node managed by foundation in each of the default zones. All the zones are triangular in shape.

The fork and merger of network depends on the performance. If there are waiting transactions in the network, the network starts forking and vice versa if there are no waiting transaction during block creation. The fork factor is 0.5 and merge factor is 0. It means that if number of waiting transactions is more than 50% compared to transactions added in current block. The fork point is decided based on 3 point median clusters of which the major 2 is used to split the intended network. The merger is performed similarly by identifying 3 splits of the network to merge in nearby by 1, 2 or 3 of the neighboring network’s zone suitable for merger with, so as not to increase the load in any of the neighboring networks by more than 0.8 factor.


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Each new zone of the network should at least perform 120 block (~ 10 minutes) generations before any split or merger.

The factors for forking, mergers and minimum generation factors will be managed by foundation through a smart contract.

c. Defense swarm(TIM prescribed services ) The defense swarm is a special concept of TIM. This is a type of application which needs accurate geo-location to achieve its purpose. The two basic examples are location pingers and blockchain taxi apps. The location pingers determine their location and update it to blockchain to inform location related to a valuable object or consignment attached with it. Similarly, blockchain taxi app determines its accurate location to find commuters who could use the taxi service. These two applications are required in thousands for any network zone. The applications benefit from an independent, decentralized, faster and transparent network to achieve a commercial end, like finding customers or storing data in dapp. Such large and symbiotic relationship of mutually beneficial purposes, creates a secure and robust blockchain. This has numerous other applications in environment technology, ecological impact, sociological equality, etc., and will be revealed in due course by foundation.

d. Geo-mining Geo-mining is a way of optimizing gas prices to minimum and transaction rate to maximum by splitting the network in multiple continuous regions over geo-location. The network imposes a limited of maximum 10,000 regional zones of the main network. The main network only manages the geo-fence of each zone and their creation/destruction timestamps. Each zone is triangular in shape.

The consensus of block creation and longest chain mechanism is decided by authorization and support of defense swarms. The node which could generate the block to include all possible waiting transactions in 10MB for the zone, while also allocating rewards to the previous block based on allocation formula of Load/Zone ratio. The block also needs to submit authorizations of defense apps which it could collect from the defense chat pool of the network. In the same period, it should seek a signature from the app by promising a fee. The promised fee will be allocated at the next round of block generation.

The block generation after forks and mergers will be calculated based on existing network zone.

e. Hyperlocal geo-fenced dapps Hyperlocal geo-fenced dapps are exactly what they sound like. These are standard dapps which can be executed in a given geo-location boundaries only. They are not valid outside a boundary. The blockchain taxi is a hyperlocal dapp which works within the city preset already during the dapp creation.


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Hyperlocal dapps are not validated by main blockchain. The hyperlocal dapps forks and merges like main blockchain for performance. In case of any conflict, the zone network is requested by hyperlocal nodes in the geo-fenced region to verify and resolve the situation. One hyperlocal dapp could fall in more than one zone. In such cases, the largest zone in terms of geo-physical area is referred for resolution. The smallest area could have optimized the performance but that would be a security issue. Such interventions by zones may incur cost of fees by winning node in zone for resolution.

f. Blockchain file size & node responsibility The blockchain can grow at dynamic rate where each main or hyperlocal zone may add up to 10 megabytes to the TIM network during every block generation. Also there is the network state file for main network and each of the hyperlocal networks. The network state file is dynamic but of small size where a 1 kilo byte file can represent state of 10,000 zones.

The nodes in main network who want to add transactions for a zone would need to have all the zone files for previous block. The winning node adds current transactions, swarm defense signatures, network fork or merger points based on waiting transactions in current block for current zone, and awards for previous block. These details are verified by all other full-nodes or partial nodes for confirming the winner, and is an independently verifiable information sets.

The nodes in hyperlocal network who want to add transactions in hyperlocal dapp would need the main network state file and hyperlocal state file only. They don’t need hyperlocal zone files for previous block to add transactions, as any conflict will be referred to main network’s zone for resolution. Thus, the hyperlocal network would need to refresh themselves of 2 small files which would be less than a kilobyte, expectedly.

Repeating another historic assumptions like floppies, I expect that 1 kilobyte size for a network state file is large enough for all practical transactional needs and hyperlocal dapps extend that feature exponentially. Though time has proven all such assumptions are merely wrong in the vent of new innovations. Maybe in very long term, the main network would become conflict resolution media for hyperlocal dapps and hyperlocal dapps would carry all the functionalities. That way the main network will have highest performance. It requires a change of mindset from current notion of blockchains, and will take time for participants to realize the best usage of the network.

g. Network State File The network state file contains hash id of each zone which comprises of UTC timestamp of block when it was generated and three longitude-latitude pair for a triangular geographical area reprinting the zone.


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Every hyperlocal dapp also has a network state file of its own to manage network performance.

h. Privacy Privacy is a core topic of crypto-currency world. Whereas the discussion is also about preventing threats to peace of societies which may arise due to extra-privacy to dangerous entities or individuals. TIM network works on geo-mining which means that network participants could access location of a transaction. The main network provides full transparency and openness. The users are responsible for maintaining good faith with their societies and prevent dealing with unlawful or illegal elements. Hyperlocal dapps can be programmed to provide heightened privacy and the owners of the dapps bear the responsibility of managing correct and peaceful practices which do not impose threat to peace of society.

i. Why it matters TIM is built on simple concept of geo-location based authentication for facilitating transactions of value and information. Though, it may look complex due to many new concepts w.r.t mainstream blockchain concepts. One major benefit of TIM is eco-friendliness apart from also being equitable, performant and future ready. It has no costly mining rig required to participate. It is also equitable, which means that people in far off places of Africa can benefit the same level of security as America and pay proportionally lesser fees which is a reflection of low level of commerce and high level of growth opportunity in there region. This may spark growth in regions of Africa, because such regions offer low transaction costs and opportunity of off-shoring many businesses. Next, TIM is future ready, as it is creating a strong and delectable user experience, like in p2p taxi service and logistics track & trace, where users benefit by elimination of middle men and continent hopping power guzzling servers. In future, they will find the same performance of service in era of driverless cars on the same network. The p2p model also makes driverless cars more secure and assistive to each other on high roads.


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5. Alpha Program Test Net - Logistics Track & Trace The alpha network provides 500 tps speed for logistics track & trace for token transactions and IOT array operations across 2G and 3G bands of the

spectrum. The service is provided by www.thebitpost.com which is an asset owned by foundation.

Blockchain Taxi TIM will be launching taxi service for defense swarm purpose with fleet unions, associations and private owners in Q2 2018. The model will be launched in partnership with 3rd party organizations.


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6. Future Improvement There are many improvements possible in TIM and is well suited to carry any kind of load. The key improvement is expected to provide transfer of value and information which is can be referenced by authorized members and groups for speedy access to services, opportunity and growth. The services like banking and fiduciary are primarily of this nature. The opportunity lies in enabling governments to use and adopt TIM as they are using internet to provide e-governance by eliminating rule based manual procedures through smart contract automation. The growth factor depends on being able to reach unreached. The equitable nature of TIM is an ideal feature developed to provide crypto currency benefits to far off and remote places who lack education, health and information to lift themselves out of poverty and misery.

More effort is being put by foundation to uncover the complexity of business processes and their internal workings by large scale machine learning systems like TALKING.ONE for deploying smart contracts in workflows. The scale of business will grow tremendously and demand will grow for customized banking, telecom, and other specialized consulting services accordingly. With application of smart contracts for business processes, deploying skilled manpower will become easy, visible and straight forward for business owners. The businesses will be able to assess impact of individuals and teams on their customer’s success. Due to limited visibility of employees on customers, the growth gets restricted for involving more man power. If this problem gets solved, job market will grow exponentially.

Foundation The core vision of foundation is to promote the ample-ness phenomena of universe through cryptographic blockchain. Our earth and this universe has enough resources for everyone and can fulfil all our needs, unless we deny to see it. TIM foundation will match the human population in beginning of every calendar year by changing the token generation rate (from normal 5) for set number of blocks for a time duration. The normal token generation of 5 is matching with approximate ~2% which is expected net population growth along with losses due death and calamity.

The second responsibility of foundation is to build strong communities for swarm defense apps. The swarm defense mechanism is a symbiotic relationship where both communities and foundation benefit. The communities earn control over their means of livelihood and freedom over predatory market forces. The foundation becomes secure from malicious cyber-attacks and various kinds of hacking attempts.


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Membership The membership to Talking.IM foundation is open to developers, influencers, community architects. The foundation is currently managed by Prabhat Kumar Singh (email: [email protected])

7. Reference Elements of Algebraic Topology, by J. R. Munkres, Perseus, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1984.

An Alternative Information Plan, by Matteo Monti, Steen Rasmussen, Marco Moschettini, Lorenzo Posani, SFI 2017

Peer-to-peer and self-organizing algorithms, Márk Jelasity, Fall Semester, 2007, Szeged, Hungary

Machine Learning for Efficient Neighbor Selection in Unstructured P2P Networks, Robert Beverly, MIT

Statistical Mechanics of Complex Networks, Réka Albert & Albert-László Barabási, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota & University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana

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