-om No. 10-330 R E V . ( 9 771

C h I T t U 3 T \I tS U t P \K7-MthTOl - T l l t IhTLKlOK NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

P' A.TIBNAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES RECEIVER

WVEM"NI'Y -- NOMII%A'I'IOM FORM DATE ENTERED -. - - - . -

S E E INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS

NAME HISTORIC

CJhite Xouse Tavern; McCormick, D r . John, House --

AND/OR COMMON

White House Farm ( p r e f e r r e d )

LOCATION STREET & NUMBER

County Route 1 3 -NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY, TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT

Suimit P o i n t A VICINITY OF Snroqd STATE CODE COUNTY CODE

lgg,qk ,-qi ,,; q 54 Jefferson 037

~ G L A S S I F I CATION

C A T E G D R Y OWNERSHIP S T A T U S

-DISTRICT -PUBLIC X O C C U PIED

xBUILDING~S) :LPRIVATE -UNOCCUPIED

-STRUCTURE -BOTH -WORK IN PROGRESS

-SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE -OBJECT -IN PROCESS -YES RESTRICTE3

-BEING CONSIDERED -YES USRESTRtCTED

3 0

P R E S E N T USE __AGRICULTURE _MUSEUM

-COMMERCIAL -PARK

-EDUCATIONAL =PRIVATE RESIDENCE

-ENTERTAINMENT -RELIGIOUS

-GOVERNMENT -SCIENTIFIC

-INDUSTRIAL -TRANSPORTATION

-MILITARY -OTHER-

OWNER OF PROPERTY NAME

Mr. ai1d Mzs. John Van To1 - - - -- -- - - --

STREET & NUMBER

OX 120 ---- - --- - -

CITY rOWN STATE S u m i ~ i t P0 jn t X VIZINITY OF - West V i r g i n i a 25446

COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS,ETC. JefZerssn Ccunty Courthcuse

STREET & NUMBER

N. George h E. ?!ashii>gtoi~ S t r e e t s --

CITY. TOWN STATE

Charles Town West Virginia

a REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE

Historic Pnerican G&L3iinsp Survey DATE

RECOaDS Library of Congress, P r i n t s and Photographs Div is ion -- CITY. TOWN STATE

Washington, D. C.

DESCRIPTION

CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE

XCELLENT -DETERIORATED -UNALTERED XORlGlNAL SiTE

-GOOD -RUINS XALTERED _MOVED DATE

-FAIR -UNEXPOSED

----- ----- DESCRlB E THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL ilF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

The s tone house of White House Farm, a l s o ca l l ed White tiouse Tavern, i s loca ted one-half mile west of Summit Po in t , on County Zoute 13, i n Jef ferson County, West Virgin ia . The story-and-a-half, coursed rubble bu i ld ing was b u i l t i n 1742 and enlarged a t o r near the turn of t h e n ineteenth century . I t i s today (1979) the p r i n c i p a l bui ld ing surviving from a small farm complex o f dependencies and outbui ld ings including a spring house, s tone barn , pum;? house, and smoke house. Of these , the s tone barn, with i t s rubble s tone w a l l s and gambrel roof, i s the o l d e s t . The house and its dependencies s tand i n t h e midst of a f ive-acre lawn nor th of Route 13. The spring house is seen d i r e c t l y ac ross the road a t t h e head of Bul lsk in Run.

The s tone house of White House Farm is a low, story-and-a-half, gable roofed rec tang le of l incs tone ru5ble f ac ing 2octe 13 t o the sos th . The res idence d i sp lays severa l s t r u c t u r a l changes t h a t ocenred during 2 5 s f i r i t century 02 ex i s t ence , chief among these : A seam a t t h e f r o n t center e l e v a t i o n i n d i c a t i n g t h e cons t ruct ion of t h e house i n two p a r t s .

The o l d e r sec t ion of t h e house appears t o be the eas te rn h a l f by reason of i t s small window openings and s tone chimney. The western sec t ion , though of g r e a t age, f e a t u r e s much l a r g e r window openings with d i f f e r e n t sash , a frame gab le , and a brick i n t e r i o r end chminey. The smooth s tone wa l l su r face a t t h e c e n t e r f r o n t e levat ion suggests an e a r l y a l t e r a t i o n , t h e purpose of which may we l l have been t o f i l l an open space o r "Dog Trot" between t h e two s e c t i o n s of t h e hov . ;~ during E-iis p e r k 2 fc l lod ing i ts use a s a tavern. This would expla in the westerly 2 i r e e t i o n of the opening of the massive cen te r i n t e r i c r chimney vhose constrilction may have preend.eC t h s ? f i n a l a l t e r a t i m s .

Froat e levat ion gable dormers were added t o the house s h o r t l y a f t e r 1901. Late n ineteenth century a l t e r a t i o n s include the wooden t r i m of t h e f r o n t porch, ( t h e porch s a y i t s e l f be an add i t ion) and t h e standing s t e a ~ t l n roof . The r e a r dormers were constructed i n the 1930s.

Following t h e purchase of t h e house i n 1950 by M r . and Xrs. Edward Blake, a kitchen, two baths , modern hea t ing , and plumbing were added, Remodeling was otherwise l imi ted t o i n t e r i o r and e x t e r i o r 2a in t ing and r e s t o r a t i o n of o ld f l o o r s . The pr imi t ive woodwork has survived desp i t e various c o a t s of p a i n t . The p resen t owners ( M r . and Mrs. James Van Tol) have undertaken remodeling of t h e k i tchen and bathrooms, b u t have been scrupulous i n preserving t h e o r i g i n a l s t a t e of the house so t h a t it r e t a i n s the atmosphere of a simgle country hone.

Archeological research p o t e n t i a l a t t h e Xhite House Farm i s V e n good. The o ld McCormick graveyard, s a i d t o be t h e o l d e s t i n the county, i s located in t h e v i c i n i t y of the barn , though the graves a r e unmarked. The h i s t o r y of t h e s tone barn i t s e l f , enriched with the va r i ed uses of a century, nay y i e l d archeologica l d a t a regarding the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n h i s t o r y of t h e nineteenth century. The s i t e of an ordinary nay a l s o provide po ten t i31 archeological infor~ation.

FHR-8-300A (11/78)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT -OF THE INTERIOR YERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTIER OF MSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM

WHITE HOUSE FARM, SUMMIT P O I N T VICINITY, JEFFERSON COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA

CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 2

Outbuildings forming the small complex of White House Farm include a smoke house and purnp house of l a t e frame and block const ruct ion , and a gambrel roofed rubble limestone barn with a l a t e r per iod s i l o . Across the road a t t h e head of Bu l l sk in Run a gable roofed rubble l imestone spr ing house of some considerable a n t i q u i t y s tands adjacent t o a shallow spring-fed pool. The tree-shaded lawn of t h e s tone house and i t s dependencies is f ronted by a three-foot high rubblework wa l l meandering roughly p a r a l l e l t o County Route 13. The f ive-acre lawn sur- rounding t h e house and bui ld ings i s p a r t of a 62-1/2 acre t r a c t .

PEF ' AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE -- CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW

.PREh. ,60~~C 4RCHEOLU';Y-PREHISTORIC -COMMUNITY PLANNING -LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE -RELIGION

- 1 400 - 1499 ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC -CONSERVATION -LAW -SCIENCE

-1 500 - 1599 A G R I C U L T U R E -ECONOMICS -LITERATURE -SCULPTURE

- 1 600 - 1 6 9 9 J F I C H I T E C T U R E -EDUCATION -hl;LITARY -SOClAWHUMANITAR;AN

XI 700 - 1 7 9 9 A R T -EhG!NEERING -?AUSIC -THEATER

.! 6 0 0 - 1 8 9 9 -COMMERCE XXPCORATIONISETTLEMENT -PiliLOSOPHY -TRANSPORTATION

1900 - -COMMUNICATIONS -INDUSTRY -POLITICS;GOVERNMENT XOTHER [SPECIFY)

-INVENTION Local h i s t o r y

-- 2PECIFIC DATES 1742 BUILDER/ARCHITECT

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE I The s t o n e house of h k i t e House Farm, f o r n s r l y c a l l e d t h e White House Tavern, i s

one of t h e o l d e s t houses of ea s t e rn West V i r g i n i a . Its s t r u c t u r a l h i s t o r y is note- worthy because it d i s p l a y s evolu t ionary changes t h a t correspond t o t h e growth of a fami ly and t o t h e expansion of commerce and t r a f f i c on t h e receding f r o n t i e r of transmontane V i r g i n i a i n t he l a t e e igh teen th and e a r l y n ine teenth cen tu ry .

O r i g i n a l acreage comprising what was t o become White House Farm was g r a n t e d by King George I1 t o J o i s t Hi te on October 3 , 1734. The proper ty was deeded t o D r .

John McCormick of "Orange County" on March 21, 1740. The s tone house b u i l t f o r D r . McCormick i n 1742 was enlarged i n succeeding yea r s t o a c c o ~ n o d a t e t h e l a r g e , qrowing f ami ly of t h e physician. (McCormick had e i g h t c h i l d r e n ) . During t h e l a s t > q u a r t e r of t h e e igh teen th century a man named T.7hitehouse converted t h e b u i l d i n g i n t o a t a v e r n n e c e s s i t a t i n g poss ib l e a l t e r a t i o n s o r expansion of t h e s t r u c t u r e a t t h e t ime.

D r . John McCormick came t o t h e United S t a t n s from I r e l and where he graduated i n medicine from t h e Un ive r s i t y of DuBlin. :ilcCor,ick Sroucj'nt w i ~ h him a 71aluable ned- i c a l l i b r a r y t h a t was so ld upon h i s dea th t o O r . Z r z i i e r of 2Iiarlos To?:n. A 157 a c r e p o r t i o n of rhe McCormick holdings, now c a l l e d !.It. El l en , i s thonght to have been surveyed by George Washington. The survey was f i n i s h e d on i4azch 13, 1752, and t h e deed , i n George Washington's hand, is i n t h e Williamsburg, V i r g i n i a , LLbzary. The p r o p e r t y of D r . McCormick was f lanked by land belonging t o both George Washington and h i s b r o t h e r s , Lawrence and Augustine.

The t a v e r n t h a t operated from t h i s house i n t h e l a t e e igh teen th and e a r l y I n i n e t e e n t h cen tu ry was loca ted on a headspring of t h e south fo rk of Bu l l sk in Run. The nearby t r a i l from Frederick t o Winchester aade by Braddock's army i n 1755 made it a popular s topover and water ing p l ace f o r ho r ses and l i v e s t o c k . Drovers s l e p t and a t e i n t h e p r o p e r t y ' s o rd inary (no longe r scanding) while gentlemen were housed i n t h e f i n e r q u a r t e r s of t he s tone house.

A v i s i b l e seam a t t h e f r o n t e l e v a t i o n roughly d iv id ing t h e house i n h a l f r e v e a l s s i g n i f i c a n t s t r u c t u r a l a l t e r a t i o n s . The e a s t e r n s e c t i o n wi th i ts smal l window open- i n g s m a y be t h e o l d e r o r o r i g i n a l (1742) part of t h e house. T h e l a r g e r window openings of t h e western ha l f and t h e b r i c k chimney i n d i c a t e t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of e a r l y n i n e t e e n t h cen tu ry cons t ruc t ion . The c e n t e r f r o n t e l eva t ion w a l l w i t h i t s smooth t e x t u r e d s u r f a c e may have been cons t ruc ted a t a l a t e r d a t e t o c l o s e an open space o r "Dog T r o t " t h a t may once have ex i s t ed t o s e p a r a t e t h e innkeeper 's fami ly from t h e

i t enan t s .

t The s t o n e house of h 3 i t e House Farm, a landmzrk des igna ted by t h e Je f f e r son 1

I 1

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR iERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM WHITE HOUSE FARP.1, SUMMIT POINT VICINITY, JEFFERSON COUNTY, WEST V I R G I N I A

CONTI NU ATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 2

County H i s t o r i c a l Landmarks Commission, i s a s i g n i f i c a n t example of s e t t l e m e n t p e r i o d a r c h i t e c t u r e of e a s t e r n West V i rg in i a e x h i b i t i n g use of s tone from l o c a l l y p l e n t i f u l l imes tone outcroppings. The bu i ld ing a l s o e s t a b l i s h e s important l i n k s with t h e e i g h t e e n t h and e a r l y n ine teenth century movements of people pass ing from t h e s e t t l e d r e g i o n s of t h e Eas t i n t o t h e f r o n t i e r of t h e Allegheny P la t eau and t h e Ohio Valley. The dependencies and outbui ld ings of t h e s t o n e house a t White House Farm a l s o form a smal l complex t y p i c a l of those i n t h i s s e c t i o n of t h e n ine t een th century .

W e s t V i r g i n i a : A Guide t o t h e Mountain S t a t e . New York: Oxford U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1941, p. 310.

"TJhite House Farm." Jou rna l -- of t h e J e f f e r s o n County H i s t o r i c a l S o c i e t y , 1975, pp. 49-51. I

GEOGRAPHICAL DATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATED P R 3 P E R N . S .

Q U A D R A N G L E N A M E Middleway, West V i r g i n i a UTM REFERENCES

GU I-h-LLJ-1 VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION

HW I U w i The nominated a r e a i nc ludes t h e s t o n e house and i ts ou tbu i ld ings . Beginning

a t a p o i n t approximately 30 f t . t o t h e sou th and e a s t of t h e s o u t h e a s t co rne r

LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES F o x PsoPERTlEs OvEALAPPlNG STATE OR COUNTY B o u N D A R t E s i STATE CODE COUNTY CODE I STATE CODE COUNTY CODE

FORM PREPARED BY NAME / TITLE

Rodney S. C o l l i n s , A r c h i t e c t u r a l H i s t o r i a n O R G A N I Z A T I ~ N H i s t o r i c P re se rva t ion Un i t DATE f

Z West Vi rg in i a Department of Cu l tu re & H i s t x y A p r i l 17 , 1979

TELEPHONE f

STREET & NUblaER The C u l t u r a l Center t

Capi t o 1 Complex 304 348-0244 CITY OR TOWN STATE

Char l e s ton West V i r g i n i a 25305

STATE HISTORIC BRESXXVATIBN OFFICER CERTIFIC,4TXBN THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OFTHIS PROPERTY WiTHIN THE STATE IS: i

NATIONAL - STAT i - LOCAL x 6.

As the des~gnated State Historic Presewatlon Of f~cer for the Nat~ona l H~storic Presewa:lon Act of 1966 (Publ~c Law 89-665) . I hereby nornlnate t h ~ s property for inclusion in the Nar~onal Register and cerafy that it has been evaluated according to the

crlterla and procedures set forth by the National Park S e ~ ~ c e

STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER SIGNATURE

TITLE DATE F

'FOR NTS USE ONLY I-- I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PROPER^^ 15 INCLUDED :N THE NAT!oNAL REGISTER i

I I

DATE ! !

FHR-8-300R (11/781

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INWMTORY -- NOMINATION FORM WHITE HOUSE FARM, SULMIT POINT V I C I N I T Y , JEFFERSON COUNTY, LmST V I R G I N I A

CONTI NUATION SHEET I T E M NUMBER 10 PAGE 2

of t h e sp r ing house, the boundary runs northward approximately 300 f t . t o a p o i n t approximately 50 f t . t o t h e nor th and e a s t of t h e smoke house, and thence westward approximately 200 f t . i n a s t r a i g h t l i n e , and thence southward i n a s t r a i g h t l i n e approximately 275 f t . t o a p o i n t on t h e south s i d e of CountyRt. 13 about 75 f t . from t h e southwest corner of t h e s tone barn, and thence along R t . 13 t o a po in t about 50 f t . west of t h e spr ing house, a t which p o i n t it proceeds southward a t a r a d i a l d i s t a n c e of approximately 30 f t . from the west and south e levat ion of t h e spr ing house.