White Grubs and Other Bad Blueberry Bugs Dr. Sridhar Polavarapu Blueberry and Cranberry Research and...
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Transcript of White Grubs and Other Bad Blueberry Bugs Dr. Sridhar Polavarapu Blueberry and Cranberry Research and...
White Grubs and Other Bad Blueberry Bugs
Dr. Sridhar Polavarapu
Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension Center
Rutgers University
Chatsworth, NJ 08019
In This Presentation ….
• Seasonal lifehistory and management of above ground pests
• Pests feeding on roots
Seasonal Lifehistory and Management of Major Pests
• Pests that occur during the dormant stage
• Pre-bloom leaf and flower feeders
• Bloom-time insect pests
• Post-bloom pests on foliage and fruit
Pests During Dormant Stage • Putnam scale is the main
concern• Problem in under-pruned
fields• Superior oil (70-second
type) @ 3 gal/ac• Lime sulfur @ 5 gal/ac• Apply on warm days (>50
F) before flower buds begin to open
Pre-bloom Leaf and Flower-Feeders
• Cranberry weevil, leafrollers, and spanworms are the major pests
• ET of one larvae per 100 clusters for caterpillars
• For CW, treat if >5 weevils per bush or 20% injured flower clusters
Bloom-time Insect Pests
• Gypsymoth larvae, leafrollers, and aphids are the main concern
• Bts and Confirm 2F are the insecticide options
• Same threshold as pre-bloom
• No aphid controls during bloom
Post-bloom Pests on Foliage and Fruit
• Cranberry fruitworm, plum curculio, blueberry aphids, and blueberry maggot are the major pests
• Leafminers, and leafrollers are occassional problems
• Most insecticide applications are made during this phase
Post-bloom Pests on Foliage and FruitCranberry fruitworm
• Single generation per year
• Pheromone traps are used for monitoring
• Single insecticide application 5-7 days after the peak
• Typical timing June 1-5
Confirm 6/1&6/8
Diazinon 6/1&6/8
Confirm 5/25&6/1
Confirm 6/1
Control0
5
10
15
20
Larvae per 100 Clusters
% Damaged Clusters
Effect of timing of Confirm 2F applications onefficacy against Cranberry Fruitworm
aa
babb
b
bb
bb
CFW 2000
Post-bloom Pests on Foliage and Fruit Blueberry aphids
• A complex of several species
• Vectors of blueberry scorch and other viruses
•Species identified in NJ blueberries• Illinoia azaleae• Ericaphis spp.• Macrosiphum euphorbiae, M. rosae• Aphis spiraecola, A. gossypii• Myzus persicae
Post-bloom Pests on Foliage and Fruit
Constraints in Managing Blueberry AphidsNatural enemies
• Low tolerance because of vector status
• Use of broadspectrum insecticides leading to natural enemy destruction
• Poor coverage
Evaluation of Imidacloprid Applied as Soil Drench Against Blueberry Aphids
• Imidacloprid treatments at 0.25 and 0.5 lb A.I./acre were evaluated as soil drench
• Four replications, 3 bushes per replication
• Insecticide was applied in 1000 mL per bush on June 7
• Aphids were sampled on June 14 and 21
0
100
200
300
Control Imidacloprid 0.25 lb.ai/ac
Imidacloprid 0.5 lb.ai/ac
Total Aphids Pre-spray 6/71st Post-spray 6/142nd Post-spray 6/21
Evaluation of imidacloprid applied as soil drench
20
40
60
80
% ITa a
a
a a a
a
ab
ba
bb
a a aa
bb
Evaluation of Foliar Applications
• Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, and Thiacloprid were evaluated
• Four replications, four bushes per replication in a single row
• R&D sprayer, 30 gal/acre, Conejet 4VS hollowcone nozzle
• Insecticides were applied twice on June 6 and 13 and aphids sampled on June 6, 12, and 21
Evaluation of foliar application of insecticides
% IT
Total Aphids
20
40
60
80
100
200
300Pre-Spray , 6/6Post-Spray, 6/12Post-Spray, 6/21
Control Calypso
480 SC 1.5
fl.oz/ac
Calypso
480 SC 3.0
fl.oz/ac
Provado
1.6 F 3.0
fl.oz/ac
Actara 25
WDG
85.2g/ac
a
b bcc c
a
bbc c c
a
b
bcc
c
a
bbc
c c
a a a aa
a
abcbc
c
ab
Post-bloom Pests on Foliage and FruitBlueberry maggot
Overwinters in the pupal stage
Adults emerge beginning June 10
Females need 10 days to become reproductively mature
Calendar sprays begin 10 days afteradult emergence
Blueberry Maggot Management
• Quarantine pest
• Wide-window of emergence and oviposition
• Presence of wild and voluntary sources of infestation
• Research focus on monitoring and timing of insecticide applications
Blueberry Maggot Export Regulations
• CFIA promulgated new regulations in 1999
• To qualify for export, grower must participate in a BM Certification Program
• Growers are required to follow either a calendar-based or IPM-based approach for BM management
• Major constraint in IPM adoption
Red Sphere
Green Sphere
Pherocon AM trapCurrently recommended for monitoring
Blueberry Maggot Population MonitoringBlueberry Maggot Population Monitoring
Yellow boards - hue- reflectance
Spheres- shape- intensity contrast with background
Insecticide-treated Spheres for Blueberry Maggot Control
• Ammonium acetate/carbonate
• Color
• Shape
• Fruit volatiles
• Sugar
• Proteins
Root-feeding pests and their management
Root-feeding Pests - Oriental Beetle
White Grub Rastral Patterns
Asiatic Garden Beetle
Oriental BeetleMay-June Beetle
Evaluation of Imidacloprid and Insecticidal
Nematodes Against Oriental Beetle
Treatment Appl. Date Rate/acre Grubs/plant
Admire 2F 11 June 2 pints 2.1 C
Admire 2F 8 July 2 pints 2.1 C
Admire 2F 14 August 2 pints 3.8 C
Cruiser 8 July 2.0 bill 15.8 A
Cruiser 14 August 2.0 bill 9.1 B
Untreated 9.6 B
Imidacloprid for Scarab Grub Management
•Applied as a 40cm-wide band on each side of the bush•Works best against 1st instar larvae•Apply in early June to mid-July•Irrigate before and after application•Apply in the evening hours•Current blueberry registration allows only a maximum of 0.3 lb AI/acre/year for grub control•The other 0.2 lb AI/acre/year is used for foliar control of aphids
S new 3.0
S new 1.5
S new 0.75
Hb 3.0
Hb 1.5Im
id. 0.37
Imid. 0.75
Imid 1.5
Thia. 0.6
Imid 0.37+ new-S 0.75
Control
Treatment
Greenhouse Evaluation of Insecticidal Nematodes and Chloronicotinyls - 2001
0
4
8
12
# o
f G
rub
s
Root-feeding InsectsBlueberry Mealybug
•Ant-mealybug relationship
•Disrupt this relationship for control
Any Questions ?