Where The Action Is In Psychology
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Transcript of Where The Action Is In Psychology
Where The Action Is
On Embodied Interaction & Psychology
Jan Smeddinck (#1976868)jan83 # tzi.de
Psychological Foundations of Embodiment, Marion Wittstock
Uni Bremen, Germany (2009)
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The Book
• Where The Action Is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction– 2001, Cambridge, MIT Press
• Paul Dourish:– Prof. of Informatics @ Univ. of
California– Glasgow > Uni. Edinburgh >
Cambridge (EuroPARC) > London (UCL, PhD) > Palo Alto (Xerox) > Cupertino (Apple) > Los Angeles (UCI)(http://www.dourish.com/)
• Underline the big picture!
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Presentation Content
Background Framework
Embodiment
Towards Design
Reflections
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Approaching Embodiment
• TED Talk:– Michael Merzenich:
Exploring the rewiring of the brain
– Neuroscience (@ 11:02 – 14:07)
– http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/michael_merzenich_on_the_elastic_brain.html
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Dourish‘s Foundations of
Embodiment
• Observations in:– Tangible computing
• physical, distributed interaction
• augmented reality (vs. VR)
• computation in the physical world (ref. ubiq. comp.), non-sequencial
– Social Computing• human interaction has social factors
• observe real social behavior to createbeneficial designs
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Tangible Computing
• Dourish gives many examples from the80s and 90s– Wellner’s Digital Desk
– Jeremijenko’s Live Wire
– Bishop’s Marble Answering Machine• Great concept, everybody loved it, but it never
kicked off … why?
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HCI History
• HCI and interaction paradigms
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electronic symbolic textual graphical
• More symbolic … less physical• Flexibility vs. Affordance / Usability• Information appliances (later)
Tangible Computing Today
• TED Talk:
– David Merrill: Siftables: The Toy Blocks That Think
– http://www.ted.com/talks/david_merrill_demos_siftables_the_smart_blocks.html
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Social Computing
social behavior ethnography computer systems
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• != James Surowiecki's “The Wisdom of Crowds”
• Examples: Air Traffic Control, Printshop
• Cultural, social, organizational context
• Focus on setting & practices
• Accountability
Drawn Together
• Focus on human skills & activities
• Participation in the world (physical andsocial reality)
• Spread in space & time (not systemtime)
• -> Context (actions <-> settings)
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Embodiment
• Theory of interaction
• Presence & Practice
– About engaged participation
– Pre-ontological
• Relation to Phenomenology (Philosophy)
– Study of phenomena of experience & perception
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Biologically Inspired RoboticsAuke Ijspeert, EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland
• Extensive experiments with segmented, amphibian robots
• Animal locomotion:– Movement is fundamental to animals– They coordinate motion towards and end-point
trajectory– Rhythms for locomotion are due to central pattern
generators– General Model:– CPGs (central pattern generators) can also produce
fictive locomotion
• In segmented amphibian robots, multiple oscillator networks (one per segment, all identical) generate complex motion patterns
10/6/2009 12IK 2009 Report
Cerebal
Cortex
•define motor
plan
Cerebellum
•timing,
coordination,
learning
Brain Stem
•selection of
motor program
Spinal Cord
•CPGs and
reflexes
• Animals can run / walk / fly with most of their brains removed (via electrical spinal chord stimulation)
• CPGs can be activated / entrained by sensory signals
Phenomenology
• Away from Cartesian dualism
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Edmund Husserl
•Founder of
Phenomenology
•From abstract
Galilean science
to things that
matter
•Questions of
experience,
memory, mind,
cognition
Martin Heidegger
•Ending
Cartesianism
(separation of
inner mental life
and outside
world)
•Dasein (being-
in-the-world)
•No theory prior
to praxis
Alfred Schutz
•The
Phenomenology
of the Social
World
•Life-world &
intersubjectivity
Maurice Merleau-
Ponty
•The
Phenomenology
of Perception
•Body + phisical
& social skills
•Embodiment
Ludwig
Wittgenstein
•Semiotician
•„The meaning of
a word is how
we use it.“
•There is no
truth
•language games
Embodiment & Meaning
• Because interaction is about conveying meaning…
• Three aspects of meaning:– Ontology (entities, concepts,
objects)– Intersubjectivity (how to share
meaning)– Intentionality (directedness ->
semiotics)
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Embodied Interaction in
Practice• Media Space
– Awareness & hybrid spaces
• Document Management– The HOW of structures is
important
• Today we have much more:– Social networks– Agile management– Embodied agents– Touch / Multitouch
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Design Principles
1. Computation is a medium (communication)
2. Meaning arises on multiple levels (objects, signs, metaphors)
3. Users, not designers, create and communicate meaning
– Now: User generated context (UGX)
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Design Principles
4. Users, not designers, manage coupling– relating entities for the purpose of action
5. Embodied technologies participate in the world they represent– artifacts-in-use vs. separation of object
and representation
6. Embodied interaction turns action into meaning– no meaning in the system itself, but in the
way it is used
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Conclusions & Directions
After Dourish• Information appliances vs.
convergence– No conflict, really…
• Invisible interfaces– Not a good idea in terms of embodiment
– Maybe just a bad term…
• System design – psychology – HCI –CSCW – social sciences
• Persistence of symbolic interaction…
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Reflections
• Missing reference to emotions and emphasis on learning…
• Won’t embodiment limit the power of software?– Well, we can increase the bandwidth of
embodied interfaces… (6th sense)
• Embodiment is popular andmany more pieces are addedto the big puzzle…
• Huge impact on modernPsychology (Biopsychology)– Richard David Precht
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Pushing the Boundaries of
Embodiment
• TED Talk:
– Pattie Maes: Sixth Sense (@ 02:10 - …)– http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/pattie_maes_demos
_the_sixth_sense.html
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That’s it!
10/6/2009 21Where The Action Is
?
Sources & References
• Paul Dourish @ ICS
• http://www.ics.uci.edu/~jpd/embodied/
• Please also refer to the links on the slides…
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