When you check and inspect commercial vehicles
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Transcript of When you check and inspect commercial vehicles
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When you check and INSPECTa Commercial vehicle
THE SAME MIND SET IS FOR DRIVERS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT PROFESSIONALS A LIKE when checking tractor or body job vehicles
properly
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Safely•Safety for yourself and others.
•I will value safety over production.
•A defect found during an inspection could• save you problems later. Preventive Maintenance •**Federal and Provincial State laws require that drivers inspect their vehicles.
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Look for:
LeaksHanging itemsLoose partsLeaningTire conditionTop of vehicleAny sign of visual damageKEEP THE KEYS IN
YOUR POCKET
Approaching the Vehicle
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Check the CoolantCheck while cold
Check Radiator Top and Connections
Check Washer Fluid fill if low
Look for loose parts, damage, leaks or wear
Engine Compartment
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Check All Belts ½ inch play maximum
Check the Alternator frayed wires, lose connections, mounted firmly
Check the Water Pump Look for leaks and if mounted securely
Sometimes difficult to see – mounted behind components on some trucks – follow heater hoses
Some gear driven - some belt driven
Engine Compartment
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Check Exhaust Components from the manifold to the top of stack
Look for Black Streaks Showing Leaks
Check the Oil Level Fill as Needed (gallons not quarts)
Check the Fan Shroud and the Fan BladesShroud Secure and Blades Intact
Engine Compartment
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Check Exhaust Components for Leaks
Check from the turbo to the top of the stacks for leaks
Look for Black Streaks Showing Leaks
Exhaust Inspection
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Check the Air Compressor to make sure it is secure
Check for leaks
Examine the hoses to see if there are cracks
Check if belt or gear driven
If belt driven – check the belt condition
Checking the Air Compressor
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Check the level of the power steering fluid
Check the hoses and follow the lines to the pump and steering box
Check the power steering pump for leaks and see that it is secure
All power steering components are to be checked on a pre-trip
Checking the Power Steering Fluid
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Check the Steering Box to see that it is secure
Check that the bolts are all in place and tight
Check the seals at the top and at the side for leaks
Check the power steering hoses coming into the box and see that there are no leaks and the
hoses are in good condition
Checking the Steering Box
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Check the Steering Linkage after the steering box
Check the Pitman Arm
Check the Drag Link
Check the Steering Arm
Check the Tie Rod
Make sure all are secure and that the castle nuts are tight and the cotter keys in
place
Checking the Steering Linkage
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Steering System Defects
• If power steering equipped: hoses, pumps and fluid level, check for leaks.
• Missing nuts, bolts, cotter keys or other parts from steering arms or linkages.
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Look for cracks and illegal welds the entire length of the frame
Inspect all items bolted to the frame to see they are secure
Check the Frame
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Look for cracks and illegal welds* the entire length of the frame
Examine the frame anywhere you can see it
Parts and accessories shall not be welded to the frame or chassis of a CMV except in
accordance with the vehicle mfg recommendations. Any welding of the frame must also be in accordance with the vehicle
manufacturer’s recommendations.
Check the Entire Frame
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Check shackle and mount for movement & loose parts
Check paint seams along frame and bolts for movement
Check that the spring is secure and all
bolts tight and in place
Check that the U-Bolts are tight, in place and not broken
Check that all bolts are secure
Check the Spring Mounts
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Check that the leafs are secure, not cracked, broken,
bent or shifting out of position
No leaf spring shall be cracked, broken, missing,
nor shifted out of position.
Check the Spring Leafs
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Check the Shock Absorbers
Check that the shocks are mounted securely
Check that the bolts are tight
Check that there are no visible oil leaks from the
shocks
Examine the rubber bushings to make sure they
are not falling apart
Check the Shock Absorbers
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Suspension System Defects:
•Cracked or broken spring hangers
•Broken leaves that have shifted and may hit a tire.
•Any loose, cracked, broken or missing frame members.
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Suspension System Defects:
•Leaking shock absorbers•Torque rod or arm, u-bolts, spring hangers or other axle positioning parts that are cracked, damaged or missing.
•Air suspension systems that are damaged and/or leaking.
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No loose fittings
No cracks, bulges, or leaks
Look at air lines wherever they are visible
Listen for air leaks
Check Brake Lines and Hoses
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Check that the brake chamber or canister
is secure and not leaking
Check the mounting and chamber bolts
(
Check the Brake Chambers
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Check that they are secure – bolts, cotter
pins, etc.
When brakes are NOT set check that there is no more than 1 inch of slack
When brakes are set the angle shown should be
greater than 90 degrees
Check the Slack Adjusters
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Inspect each brake drum for cracks and illegal welds,
gouges, grooves
Examine each drum and feel the inside ridge to make sure it is
smooth with even wear
Check the Brake Drums
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Inspect each wheel and examine the brake shoes
Measure the thickness at the center of the shoe
No shoe lining should be less that ¼ inch at the thinnest point (the center
of the shoe)
Look for oil leaking onto shoes and into drum from wheel seals
Check the Brake Shoes
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Brake Componenet Defects
• Cracked drums.• Shoes or pads with any fluid leaks-oil or grease or any
other contaminants.• Shoes worn dangerously thin, missing, or broken.
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Inspect each wheel inside and out
Examine it for cracks and illegal welds
Rust around lug nuts Loose or missing lugs
Missing clamps, spacers, studs, or lugs
Check the RimAnd Wheels
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Inspect each wheel inside and out
Examine it for cracks and illegal welds
Check the bead around each edge to make sure it is intact and not bent. Any bend or damage could cause a break in the bead
and cause the tire to leak
Check the Rim
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Check the lug nuts on each wheel
Feel each nut by hand to make sure it is snug
Look for rust stains on steel wheels and black streaks on aluminum wheels – these
stains can indicate a loose lug nut
A loose lug nut on an aluminum wheel can cause severe damage quickly
Check the Lug Nuts
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Check the reservoir to see that the oil is at the proper level
Look for leaks around the edge of the seal and plug
Some reservoirs require you to remove the cap while others can be inspected
through the plastic housing
Home
Check the Hub Oil Reservoir
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Check the Tires
Check the inner sidewall
Check the bead around each edge to make sure it is intact and not bent.
Check the tread area
4/32” depth on steer tires
Other tires have a tread depth of 2/32”
Check the outer sidewall
Tire Inspection
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Rear of Truck
Check that the drive shaft is not bent
See that no debris is entangled around the shaft
Check the shaft to see that the U-joints are tight
Welds on the drive shaft are OK (they are welded together when manufactured)
While under the truck check the frame again
Check the Drive Line
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Check the Rear Drive Assembly
Inside
Check the remaining axles of
the vehicle the same as you did in
the front
Check and name the same
components on every axle
Check the Rear Drive Assembly
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When checking the tires and brakes check the spacers or space between the
tires and wheels
If there are no spacers check the space for debris and clearance
There must be a space between the tires
Check the Drive Wheel Space/Spacers
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Check the splash guards at the rear of the tractor
Make sure they are secure and not falling off
Check for damage that will make them ineffective
Check the Splash Guards
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Rear of Truck
Check the remaining axles of the vehicle the same as you did in the
front
Check the same components on every axle
Check the Rear Drive Assembly-Outside
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Side of Vehicle
Open the box and examine the batteries
No frayed wires
Batteries bolted down securely
No spilled fluid
Check steps to see if they are secure
Batteries
Check the Batteries
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Check all items in the cab for proper operation and so
driver will be familiar with all operating controls of all
equipment.
In Cab Inspection
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Check the Seat Belt and Shoulder StrapCheck for damage and that it works
properly
Check for FusesIf the truck uses circuit breakers are they
not required. Check the Fire Extinguisher
Expiration Tag Valid Secured to VehicleGauge in the GreenCheck the Triangles
Must have 3 working triangles on board
Safety Equipment
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Check the Warning Lights
As soon as you turn the key watch the
Warning Lights
Look at the lights and determine if all of them are working
Check the Warning Lights
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CHECK AND FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH ALL GAUGES,INSTRUMENTS, AND CONTROLS
GAUGES, INSTRUMENTS, AND CONTROLS
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Check All Mirrors and Glass
Check the Left and Right MirrorsCheck the Side Windows and Glass
Check the Windshield
Each windshield shall be free of damage in the area extending upward
from the height of the top of the steering wheel to within a two inch border from the top and a one inch
border on either side.
In Cab Inspection
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Check the city horn
Check the air horn
Regulations state: there must be at least one working
audible horn that gives an adequate and reliable
warning signal
Check the Horns
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During the light check inspect the interior indicator lights
Check the Left and Right Turn Signal Indicators
Check the 4 Way Flasher Indicators
Check the High Beam Indicator
Check the Indicator Lights
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In Cab Inspection
Requires all CMV operators to have basic air brake knowledge
At 120 psi
Release the trailer brakes / set the tractor brakes(Red Button IN
Yellow Button OUT)
Pull against the tractor brakes to see that they hold
Release the tractor brakes / set the trailer brakes(Red Button OUTYellow Button IN)
Pull against the trailer brakes to see that they hold
Brake Test
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In Cab Inspection
Check the Air Brakes
Begin the Test by Applying the Foot Brake or Treadle Valve
Hold Pedal for 1 Minute
Air Loss Should be Less Than 3 Lbs for the Truck/Tractor
&Less Than 1 Lb for Each Trailer
Combination Vehicle = 4 Lbs
Brake Test 2
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In Cab Inspection
Check the Air Brakes
Pump Down the Air Pressure to About 60 Lbs
At About 60 Lbs the Low Air Warning Light Should Light
on the Dash
(Remember: the engine is OFF but the key is ON)
Brake Test 3
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In Cab Inspection
Check the Air Brakes
Pump Down the Air Pressure to Between 40 & 20 Lbs
Between 40 & 20 Lbs the Spring Brakes Will Set and the Brake Buttons Will Pop Out
(Remember: the engine is OFF but the key is ON)
Brake Test 4
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In Cab Inspection
Check the Air Brakes
Start the Engine
Buzzer Still Sounds Indicating Low Air Buzzer Works Properly
Rebuild Air Pressure. Air Pressure should Build From 85- 100 PSI in 45 Seconds or
Less
Brake Test 5
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Check the Truck/Tractor Parking Brakes
Requires all CMV operators to have basic air brake
knowledge
At 120 psiPull against the trailer brakes
to see that they hold
Parking Brake Test
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Check the Air BrakesThe third part of the air brake test is a test of the Spring Brakes. This part is conducted with the key either On or OFF and the engine NOT running. You can leave the key on for the short time that this part will take. With the key on the buzzer will be sounding for both low air and oil pressures.
This part of the test requires you to continue pumping down the air brakes until the pressure reaches somewhere between 40 and 20 psi. Somewhere between those 2 pressures the RED and YELLOW buttons will pop out. This will indicate that the spring brakes have set and that the test was successful.
Again, if the test did not produce the required results, you will need to contact a mechanic to fix the problem.
But, how do we know that the buzzer works for the Low Air warning? We know it works fine for the Low Oil Pressure but not the Air. The next step will solve this problem.
Tractor Protection Valve
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Check the Air Brakes
Start the Engine
Low Air Pressure Light/Buzzer Still Works
Properly
Rebuild Air Pressure. Air Pressure should Build
From 85- 100 PSI in 45 Seconds or Less
Air Governor Test
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SEE AND BE SEEN
No CMV shall be driven when any of
the lights or reflective devices
required are obscured by the
tailboard, any part of the load, or dirt
or any added vehicle or work
equipment.
External Light Check
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392.33
No CMV shall be driven when any of the lights or reflective devices required are obscured by the
tailboard, any part of the load, or dirt or any added vehicle or work equipment.
Check the Right and Left Turn Signals
Check the 4 Way Flashers
Check the Clearance Lights
Check the Low Beam Head Lights
Check the High Beam Head Lights
External Light Check-Regulation