When Heredity Does Not Follow Mendelian Rules. Complex Patterns of Heredity Incomplete Dominance RR...
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![Page 1: When Heredity Does Not Follow Mendelian Rules. Complex Patterns of Heredity Incomplete Dominance RR R' RR RR Neither phenotypes is completely dominant.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051614/551b2a50550346dd1a8b4a83/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
When Heredity Does Not Follow Mendelian Rules
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Complex Patterns of HeredityIncomplete Dominance
R R
R'
R' RR
RR
R'R'
R'R'
Neither phenotypes is completely dominant
R = RedR = Red
RR'' = White = White
RRRR'' = Pink = Pink
RR = RedRR = Red
RR''RR'' = White = White
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Incomplete Dominance
R
R
R'
R’
R
R
RR
R'R'
R'
R'
Neither phenotypes is completely dominant
R = RedR = Red
RR'' = White = White
RR = RedRR = Red
RR''RR'' = White = White
RRRR'' = Pink = Pink
![Page 4: When Heredity Does Not Follow Mendelian Rules. Complex Patterns of Heredity Incomplete Dominance RR R' RR RR Neither phenotypes is completely dominant.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051614/551b2a50550346dd1a8b4a83/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Codominance
Both possible phenotypes can be expressed
R
R
R'
R’
R
R
RR
R'R'
R'
R'
Both phenotypes are expressed in heterozygotes
R = RedR = RedRR'' = White = White
RR = RedRR = Red
RR''RR'' = White = White
RRRR'' = Spotted = Spotted StripedStriped CheckeredCheckered Etc.Etc.
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Multiple Phenotypes from Multiple AllelesTraits controlled by multiple alleles
B
b
B
b
B
B
bB
bb
b
B
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B = Blue FeathersB = Blue Feathers
b = Chocolate Feathersb = Chocolate Feathers
BBAA = Ash-red Feathers = Ash-red Feathers
B dominant to bB dominant to b
B recessive to BB recessive to BAA
b recessive to Bb recessive to B
b recessive to Bb recessive to BAA
![Page 7: When Heredity Does Not Follow Mendelian Rules. Complex Patterns of Heredity Incomplete Dominance RR R' RR RR Neither phenotypes is completely dominant.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051614/551b2a50550346dd1a8b4a83/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Multiple Phenotypes from Multiple AllelesTraits controlled by multiple alleles
BA
b
B
b
B
BA
bBA
bb
b
B
![Page 8: When Heredity Does Not Follow Mendelian Rules. Complex Patterns of Heredity Incomplete Dominance RR R' RR RR Neither phenotypes is completely dominant.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051614/551b2a50550346dd1a8b4a83/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Multiple Phenotypes from Multiple AllelesTraits controlled by multiple alleles
BA
B
B
b
B
BA
BBA
bb
B
B
![Page 9: When Heredity Does Not Follow Mendelian Rules. Complex Patterns of Heredity Incomplete Dominance RR R' RR RR Neither phenotypes is completely dominant.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051614/551b2a50550346dd1a8b4a83/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Multiple Phenotypes from Multiple AllelesTraits controlled by multiple alleles
BA
BA
b
b
BA
BA
BABA
bb
b
b
![Page 10: When Heredity Does Not Follow Mendelian Rules. Complex Patterns of Heredity Incomplete Dominance RR R' RR RR Neither phenotypes is completely dominant.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051614/551b2a50550346dd1a8b4a83/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sex Determination22 Pairs of Homologous Chromosomes: Autosomes
X
X
Y
X
X
X
XX
YX
Y
X
1 Pair of Sex Chromosomes
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Sex Linked InheritanceTraits located on sex chromosomes: Sex-linked
traits
Xr
XR
Y
XR
XR
Xr
XRXr
YXR
Y
XR
XXRR = Red Eyes = Red Eyes
XXrr = White Eyes = White Eyes
Males = ½ Red EyesMales = ½ Red Eyes
Males = ½ White EyesMales = ½ White Eyes
Females = All Red EyesFemales = All Red Eyes
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Polygenic InheritanceTraits controlled by multiple genes
AA BB CC
AA BB CC
aa bb cc
aa bb cc
AAAABB BB CCCC AAaaBB bb CC cc
AAaaBB bbCCcc aaaa bb bb cc cc
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Sickle-Cell Disease
H
H'
H
H’
H
H
H'H
H'H'
H'
H
Codominance
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Sickle-Cell Disease
H
H'
H’
H'
H'
H
H'H
H'H'
H'
H'
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Sickle-Cell Disease
H
H’
H’
H’
H’
H
H’H
H’H’
H’
H’
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Multiple Alleles and Blood Type
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Multiple Alleles and Blood Type
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Multiple Alleles and Blood Type
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Sex-Linked Traits in Humans
Color Blindness
XR XG
XR XG
Xr Xg
Y
XR XG XR XG
XR XG Xr Xg Xr Xg
Y
Y
XR XG
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Sex-Linked Traits in Humans
Hemophilia: 1:10,000 males1:100,000,000 females
XH
Xh
Y
XH Y
Y
XH
XH Xh Xh
XH
XH
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Sex-Linked Traits in Humans
Hemophilia: 1:10,000 males1:100,000,000 females
Xh
Xh
Y
XH Y
Y
Xh
XH Xh Xh
Xh
XH
![Page 22: When Heredity Does Not Follow Mendelian Rules. Complex Patterns of Heredity Incomplete Dominance RR R' RR RR Neither phenotypes is completely dominant.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051614/551b2a50550346dd1a8b4a83/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sex-Linked Traits in Humans
Hemophilia: 1:10,000 males1:100,000,000 females
Xh
Xh
Y
XH Y
Y
Xh
XH Xh Xh
Xh
XH
![Page 23: When Heredity Does Not Follow Mendelian Rules. Complex Patterns of Heredity Incomplete Dominance RR R' RR RR Neither phenotypes is completely dominant.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051614/551b2a50550346dd1a8b4a83/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sex-Linked Traits in Humans
Hemophilia: 1:10,000 males1:100,000,000 females
Xh
Xh
Y
Xh Y
Y
Xh
Xh Xh Xh
Xh
Xh
![Page 24: When Heredity Does Not Follow Mendelian Rules. Complex Patterns of Heredity Incomplete Dominance RR R' RR RR Neither phenotypes is completely dominant.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051614/551b2a50550346dd1a8b4a83/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Changes in Chromosome Numbers in Humans
46
23 23
Meiosis, Anaphase (normal)
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Changes in Chromosome Numbers in Humans
46
23 23
Fertilization
Normal
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Changes in Chromosome Numbers in Humans
46
24 22
Meiosis, Anaphase
Down Syndrome: Trisomy 21
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Changes in Chromosome Numbers in Humans
47
24 23
Fertilization
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Changes in Chromosome Numbers in Humans
45
22 23
Fertilization
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Abnormal Number of Sex Chromosomes
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Sex Determination22 Pairs of Homologous Chromosomes: Autosomes
X
XX
Y
XXX
YX
Y
Result of Non-disjunction
X X
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Trisomy(21) Down Syndrome
Monosomy: Turner Syndrome
Hexapoid: Wheat
Trisomy(13) Patau’s Syndrome
Triploid: Apples
Polyploid: chrysanthamums
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Tool of Genetics
Punnett Square
Pedigree
Karotype
DNA Fingerprinting