Towards a nonviolent civil defence : 5 Civil resistance against coup d'état
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Transcript of When finished with test Vocabulary: Estate Relics of feudalism Bourgeoisie Sans-culottes Faction...
When finished with test
Vocabulary:
• Estate
• Relics of feudalism
• Bourgeoisie
• Sans-culottes
• Faction
• Elector
• Coup d'état
• Consulate
• Nationalism
Warm up
• Why do we pay taxes? (Please write a response and be ready to answer if I call on you!)
• Taxes pay for the government (Teachers, police, firefighters, Mayors, Roads, Public buildings)
Chapter 18
The French Revolution and
Napoleon
Section 1
The French Revolution Begins
1789 – Important Year
• The Constitution of the United States ratified
• The beginning of the French revolution
• Causes– Sharp class divide– Absolutist monarchy– Economic crisis
The Three Estates
• First Estate• Clergy• 130,000 people• Exempt from the taille
(tax)
The Three Estates• The Second Estate• The Nobility• 350,000 people• Powerful positions in
church, government, military
• Exempt from taille (tax)
The Three Estates• The Third Estate• Largest estate• Majority were
peasants• Skilled people –
craftsmen, shopkeepers
• Bourgeoisie – merchants, bankers, industrialists, lawyers, doctors
Beginning of Revolution• The Estates-General• The National
Assembly• Tennis Court Oath,
June 1789• July 14, 1789 – The
Storming of the Bastille –(Pg. 546)
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
• August 26, 1789 – adopted by National Assembly
• Ended exemption from taxes• Freedom of religion, press and equal rights
The King’s Reaction• Louis XVI• Hiding in Versailles
for most early revolution
• Brought back to Paris by angry Parisian women
• Comes back to Paris with flour for hungry
Europe’s Response• Prussia and
Austria threaten to invade
• France declares war in 1792
• The Paris Commune - radical
• The sans-culottes
Radical Revolution and Reaction
Section 2
What to do with the King?
• The Girondins
• The Mountains
• The Jacobins
• Louis XVI is beheaded, 1793
Leaders of the Radical Revolution
• Georges Danton - Minister of Justice• Jean Paul Marat - author• Maximilian Robspierre – Head of the
Committee of Public Safety
The Reign of Terror
• Revolutionary Courts• Approximately 40,000
executed/16,000 by guillotine
• The Republic of Virtue
• “Citizens”• De-Christianization• Subsides after death
of Robespierre
The Directory
• National Convention reduces power of the Committee on Public Safety
• Established Constitution of 1795
• Council of 5, the Directory, Chosen to lead France as executives
• Corrupt and relied on military power.
• 1799 – coup d’etat – Napoleon comes to power.
The Age of NapoleonSection 3
Napoleon Bonaparte• Born in Corsica, 1769
• Distinguished military career
• General French army• Helped in the coup
d’etat to overthrow the Directory
• Consulate for Life, 1802
• Crowned Emperor in 1804
The Napoleonic Code• PROS
• Single code of law, replaced 300 individual systems
• Right to choose an occupation
• Equality before law• Religious tolerance• Abolition of
Serfdom/Feudalism
• CONS• Outlawed trade
unions and strikes• Took away right of
divorce from women• Women were “less
equal” than men• Censorship
Napoleon’s Bureaucracy
• Highly centralized government
• Promotions on ability, not name or birth
• Creation of new noble class
• Absolutist state
Trafalgar• Continental System• Napoleon wants to
attack England• British navy engages
French and Spanish ships, at Trafalgar, 1805
• Admiral Nelson• French and Spanish
defeated
Napoleon Invades Russia
• June 1812-600,000 French soldiers enter Russia
• Retreating Russian troops destroyed anything that could aide Napoleon
• Moscow
• “The Great Retreat”
• Napoleon loses over 560,000 men in this campaign
Exiled to Elba• Empire collapses• Napoleon is captured• Exiled in 1814• Bourbon monarchy
briefly restored• Returns in March
1815.
Waterloo
• Duke of Wellington• June 18, 1815• Napoleon exiled to St.
Helena• Dies in solitude
Napoleon Bonaparte
• Positive Changes• Equality with one law
code• Brought peace to
France at first• Great General
• Negative policies• Military mistakes• Become tyrant• Over confident• Started war with other
countries
Map Directions! Pg. 567Label (Color) the French empire, Dependent
states, States Allied with Napoleon, States Allied Against Napoleon
• Countries to label – Spain, United Kingdom, Russia, Portugal, Sweden, Austria, and Prussia
• Cities to Label – Paris, Madrid, Rome, Moscow
• Label, North, Baltic, Mediterranean, and Black seas
• On the back of the map Geography skills #1-2