WhatsNew_15.1_en_r1149

DIG

SILENT

PowerFactory

I N T E G R AT E D P O W E R S Y S T E M A N A LY S I S S O F T W A R E

DIgSILENT

PowerFactory 15.1

What´s New

DIgSILENT GmbHHeinrich-Hertz-Straße 9

72810 Gomaringen / GermanyTel.: +49 (0) 7072-9168-0

Fax: +49 (0) [email protected]

Please visit our homepage at:http://www.digsilent.de

Copyright ©2013 DIgSILENT GmbHAll rights reserved. No part of thispublication may be reproduced or

distributed in any form without permissionof DIgSILENT GmbH.

December 2013r1149

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.digsilent.de

CONTENTS

Contents

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 Installation and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.1 Installation Directory and Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.2 User Log On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.3 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 Support Package Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

4 Project Archiving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

5 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

5.1 Import of Integral files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6 Network Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6.1 Annotation Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6.2 Protection Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6.3 Neutral Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

6.4 New Elements in Drawing Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

7 Analysis Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

7.1 DC Short-Circuit Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

7.2 Quasi Dynamic Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

7.3 Simplified Time Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

7.4 Power Quality Assessment according to D-A-CH-CZ Guideline . . . . . . . . . . 13

7.5 Modal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

7.5.1 QZ Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

7.5.2 Output Data for Matlab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

7.6 Protection Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

7.6.1 Time-Overcurrent Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

7.6.2 Coordination Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

7.6.3 Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis according to BGI/GUV-I 5188 . . . . . . . . 17

7.7 Arithmetic Post-processing in Virtual Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

7.8 Optimal Manual Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

8 Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

8.1 New Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, What’s New i

CONTENTS

8.1.1 PV System (ElmPvsys) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

8.1.2 Impulse Source (ElmImpulse) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

8.1.3 DC Machine (ElmDcm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

8.1.4 DC Battery (ElmBattery ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

8.1.5 Series RLC Filter (ElmSfilt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

8.2 Model Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

8.2.1 2-Winding Transformer (ElmTr2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

8.2.2 3-Winding Transformer (ElmTr3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

8.2.3 Static Generator (ElmGenstat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

8.2.4 Synchronous Machine (ElmSym) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

8.2.5 Asynchronous Machine (ElmAsm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

8.2.6 Shunt Measurement Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

8.2.7 Station Controller (ElmStactrl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

8.2.8 Measurement Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

8.2.9 Frequency Polynomial Characteristic (ChaPol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

9 Python Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

9.1 PowerFactory Module in Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

9.2 Integration of a Python Script into PowerFactory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, What’s New ii

2 INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION

1 Introduction

This document highlights the new key features and enhancements available in PowerFactory 15.1.

2 Installation and Configuration

PowerFactory 15.1 adheres to Microsoft’s guidelines for Windows desktop applications. This sectionsummarizes the most important changes.

2.1 Installation Directory and Workspace

Previous versions of PowerFactory used to combine the Installation directory and Data directory inone common place: C:\DIgSILENT\pf150. Now, PowerFactory 15.1 properly distinguishes betweeninstallation and data files.

• The Installation Directory is usually created and modified exclusively by the PowerFactory Setupor PowerFactory Service Packs. It contains all files provided by the installation such as executa-bles, dynamic link libraries (dll), manuals etc. The default path is:

– C:\Program Files\DIgSILENT\PowerFactory 15.1 or

– C:\Program Files (x86)\DIgSILENT\PowerFactory 15.1.

The PowerFactory 15.1 configuration is stored in a readable format file (PowerFactory.ini) inthat path. Further, the PowerFactory executable file has been renamed to PowerFactory.exe

(see Figure 2.1).

Figure 2.1: Installation Directory Path

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, What’s New 1

2.2 User Log On 2 INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION

• The Workspace Directory contains all user data including the local database, result files and logfiles. It is located within the Windows user profile in:

– C:\Users\<Username>\AppData\Local\Digsilent\PowerFactory 15.1.

PowerFactory provides a function that exports the complete workspace into a compressed ZIP archive.Additionally, there is a function to import a workspace archive. This offers several applications:

• Simple and intuitive data backup and restore.

• Data migration to a PowerFactory installation on a different computer.

• Data migration to a newer PowerFactory version.

• The workspace can be sent to DIgSILENT’s Support Team in case of complicated problems.

Figure 2.2 shows the available Workspace functions. They are available in the Tools → Workspacesubmenu.

Figure 2.2: Workspace Functions

A function for importing workspaces from an existing 14.x or 15.0 PowerFactory version is availabletoo. Although Microsoft suggests storing the Workspace in the Windows user profile, it is possible toconfigure an arbitrary folder for Workspace storage, e.g. F:\Data\My PowerFactory Workspace.

2.2 User Log On

On a workstation where only one user works with PowerFactory , it is not necessary to trouble the userwith a Log On dialogue. PowerFactory uses the Windows user name as default in the PowerFactorydatabase. The Log On dialogue will be shown only when really needed i.e. if there is more than oneuser in the database and/or the user has set a password (see Figure 2.3).


2.3 Configuration 2 INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION

Figure 2.3: Log On Dialogue

Furthermore, a new function has been introduced to switch the logged in user directly from PowerFac-tory (e.g. to work as Administrator). This function is part of the Tools menu (see Figure 2.4).

Figure 2.4: Switch User Function

2.3 Configuration

In previous versions of PowerFactory the configuration was part of the Log On dialogue. Due to thechanges in the Log On procedure these settings have been moved into a separate configuration. InPowerFactory 15.1 the configuration can be accessed with Tools→ Configuration... (see Figure 2.5).


3 SUPPORT PACKAGE FUNCTION

Figure 2.5: PowerFactory Configuration

As mentioned above, these configuration settings are stored in an ini file located in the installation direc-tory (this method replaces the set.dz mechanism used in previous PowerFactory versions). Windowsadministrator rights are required in order to change the configuration file.

For advanced users it is possible to change the configuration directly by editing the PowerFactory.ini

file.

3 Support Package Function

DIgSILENTprovides PowerFactory support to users through the Customer Support Portal. In com-plicated cases the technical support engineer usually asks for configuration files, log files or other Pow-erFactory related system information. To simplify that procedure a function to create such a supportpackage has been introduced. This function (Create Support Package) collects all necessary data andstores it in a convenient ZIP archive ready to upload to the Support team (see Figure 3.1). It is importantto note that no PowerFactory project files are included in this process. These files should be providedindependently (upon request).

Figure 3.1: Create Support Package Function


4 PROJECT ARCHIVING

4 Project Archiving

Over time multi-user databases tend to increase in size and can take up unnecessarily large amounts ofstorage space and even slow down the system responsiveness. A new archiving function for decreasingthe used database storage space and increasing performance of large multi-user databases is availablein PowerFactory 15.1. Older projects that are currently not used but still important for a possibly usein the future can now be archived. In multi-user database environments, the user can easily sendprojects to the archive folder by executing the Archive command in the context sensitive right mousebutton menu of each project item as shown in Figure 4.1. The archived projects are exported fromdatabase and stored in a separate folder (Archived Projects) for long term storing. The user increasesthus system performance and the speed of general database operations (e.g. project loading/closing).All information regarding the initial project location is also saved allowing the user to restore projects inthe exact location it originated from.

Figure 4.1: Project Archiving - Archive Command

Projects can be accessed back and loaded into the active database by executing the Restore commandin the context sensitive right mouse button menu of each project item as shown in Figure 4.2.

Figure 4.2: Project Archiving - Restore Command


6 NETWORK GRAPHICS

5 Interfaces

5.1 Import of Integral files

Importing Integral 7 XML files is possible with PowerFactory 15.1.

6 Network Graphics

6.1 Annotation Layers

Network diagrams can now easily be enriched by additional graphical annotations. A new concept ofgraphical Annotation Layers has been introduced. Various graphical elements are supported:

• Built-in graphical elements (e.g. circles, rectangles, lines, poly lines etc.)

• text

• icons (bitmap files)

By default a single annotation layer is active, nevertheless multiple layers can be defined. Reorderinglayers, hiding them and moving graphics between layers are built-in features offering a high degree offlexibility. For convenience and better organisation the objects within a specific layer can be separatedin multiple groups. It is possible to import/export annotation layers. For this purpose, an SVG file formatis used. Figure 6.1 displays an example showing how the annotation layers may be used to createcomplex diagrams.

Figure 6.1: Annotation Layers Example

6.2 Protection Devices

PowerFactory 15.1 adds the possibility to graphically represent in the single line and substation dia-grams the current (StaCt) and voltage (StaVt) instrumentation transformers as well as relay elements(ElmRelay ). This is done using the Current Transformer ( ), Voltage Transformer ( ) and RelayModel ( ) buttons. Signal routing between these elements is performed using the Connector button( ). The signalling path from the current or voltage transformers to the relevant relays can be explicitly


6.3 Neutral Wiring 6 NETWORK GRAPHICS

drawn. Current and voltage transformers as well as relays can be created, repositioned and edited withinthe network diagram as it is the case with any other network element. The newly created elements arealso accessible as before from within the Data Manager window by selecting the corresponding cubiclewhere they have been created. An example of a substation diagram using the graphical representationof these elements is shown in Figure 6.2.

Figure 6.2: Graphical Representation of Protection Devices in a Substation

6.3 Neutral Wiring

PowerFactory now offers the user the option to explicitly represent the neutral connections and inter-connections of the following widely used elements:

• Power transformers (ElmTr2 and ElmTr3)

• Shunt elements (ElmShunt)

• External grids (ElmXnet)

• Synchronous (ElmSym) and asynchronous machines (ElmAsm)

• Static generators (ElmGenstat)

• PV systems (ElmPvsys)

• Neutral earthing elements (ElmNec)

An interconnection of separate neutral wires is illustrated in Figure 6.3.


6.4 New Elements in Drawing Toolbox 6 NETWORK GRAPHICS

Figure 6.3: Network Diagrams including the Neutral Wire

6.4 New Elements in Drawing Toolbox

In PowerFactory 15.1 several modifications have been made to the Drawing Toolbox. A summary ofthe new features is shown in Figure 6.4.

Figure 6.4: What’s New in the Drawing Toolbar

The new features of the Drawing Toolbox are described below:

• The “Freeze Annotation Layers” button ( ) freezes the graphical elements defined in the Annota-tion Layers and deactivates the illustrating graphic buttons of the Drawing Toolbar (no illustratinggraphics can be introduced in the Single Line Diagram Layer). For more information please readSection 6.1.


7 ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

• A new PV model is available in PowerFactory 15.1 and the element can be added via the “PVsystem” button ( ) . More information can be found in Section 8.1.1.

• The “Impulse Source” button ( ) adds the element to the single line diagram. More informationabout the impulse current source can be found in Section 8.1.2.

• The “Connection Request” button ( ) is used in association with power quality analysis accordingto D-A-CH-CZ guideline (see Section 7.4).

• A new DC machine element can be added via the associated “DC Machine” button ( ). SeeSection 8.1.3 for more information.

• A new series RLC filter element can be added in the Single Line Diagram using the “Series RLC-Filter” button ( ) (more information can be found in Section 8.1.5).

• The new battery element is added via the “Battery” button ( ). The battery model is described inSection 8.1.4.

• The Protection devices related buttons ( ) and their functionality is described in Sec-tion 6.2.

• The Annotation Layers specific buttons are activated/deactivated by the “Freeze Annotation Lay-ers” button ( ).

• Within the Annotation Layers specific buttons the “Layer Image” button ( ) is newly available.More information can be found in Section 6.1.

7 Analysis Functions

7.1 DC Short-Circuit Calculation

PowerFactory 15.1 extends the Short Circuit Calculation with two more options:

• DC Short Circuit according to IEC 61660

• DC Short Circuit according to ANSI/IEEE 946

The maximum and minimum short-circuit currents can be analysed from various DC based models suchas:

• AC/DC converters (rectifier/inverter) in bridge connection (ElmRec and ElmRecMono)

• Smoothing capacitors (only for IEC 61660) (ElmShnt)

• Batteries (ElmBattery)

• DC motor/generator (ElmDcm)

The DC Short Circuit Calculation can be initialised using the results of a Load Flow Calculation (op-tional). With this option selected, instead of taking a constant pre-fault voltage factor into account, theLoad Flow Calculation is used to determine the pre-fault voltages in the DC system. Upon completionof the calculation, the user may access a complete set of result variables as defined in the standards,among them:

• Peak short-circuit current

• Quasi-steady-state short circuit current


7.2 Quasi Dynamic Simulation 7 ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

• Time to peak

• Rise & decay times, rate of rise

• Equivalent system resistance and inductance, network time constant, etc.

Figure 7.1: DC Short Circuit Calculation Dialogue

7.2 Quasi Dynamic Simulation

The execution of medium to long term simulations is now optimised in PowerFactory 15.1 thanks tothe new Quasi Dynamic Simulation engine. If simulation periods ranging from hours up to years areunder investigation, the Quasi Dynamic Simulation automates the entire simulation process. MultipleLoad Flow Calculations are carried out with user defined time step sizes between each simulation. Theresults from each calculation are stored and are available for post processing. The tool is particularlysuitable for planning studies in which long term load and generation profiles are defined in parallelwith multiple contingency scenarios, variations and expansion stages. In terms of user handling, thetool is easy to use, resembling the dynamic simulation engine as shown in Figure 7.2. All Load FlowCalculation variables are available for storing and plotting. Statistical data for the variables is alsoavailable. Results such as the maximum, minimum, average, variance, etc. are provided. Energyvalues are also quantified for the studied time interval.

Figure 7.2: Quasi Dynamic Simulation Dialogue

Tabular reports are supported for the most relevant results (loading/voltage ranges and non convergencycases) as shown in Figure 7.3. Exporting to HTML or Excel is also a built-in feature.


7.3 Simplified Time Characteristics 7 ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

Figure 7.3: Tabular Reports for Quasi Static Simulation

An example of the results obtained from a Quasi Dynamic Simulation is shown in Figure 7.4 (The resultsfor only one day are displayed), where the net power transfer in a LV network is monitored over a periodof time.

Figure 7.4: Example using Quasi Dynamic Simulation

7.3 Simplified Time Characteristics

The usage of time characteristics is simplified in PowerFactory 15.1 thanks to the introduction of apredefined time scale. The input data can be either manually inserted in a predefined table or by usingexternal data files (.csv or even customized formats). The user can easily change the recurrence base(daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, none) and the time step (minutes or hours). A caption of the newly addedwindow menu is shown in Figure 7.5.


7.3 Simplified Time Characteristics 7 ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

Figure 7.5: Dialogue defining a Time Dependent Characteristic

Several approximation methods are available for interpolation between points:

• Linear

• Polynomial with user defined order

• Spline

• Hermite

The resulting time characteristic is plotted on a dedicated time plot for fast visualisation as shown inFigure 7.6.

Figure 7.6: Automated Visualisation Plot of Time Characteristics


7.4 Power Quality Assessment according to D-A-CH-CZ Guideline 7 ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

7.4 Power Quality Assessment according to D-A-CH-CZ Guideline

The Connection Request Assessment Tool is a very useful feature for power quality calculations ac-cording to D-A-CH-CZ guideline ’Technical Rules for the Assessment of Network Disturbances’ as usedin Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Czech Republic. A new “Connection Request Assessment” com-mand ( ) is available as well as the Connection Request element (ElmConreq ). This elementrepresents a new load installation which is to be connected to the grid. All parameters required by theD-A-CH-CZ guideline can be directly set in the element page, as shown in Figure 7.7.

Figure 7.7: Connection Request Element Dialogue

Full assessment of the D-A-CH-CZ guideline is performed based on the following criteria:

• Voltage Changes and Flicker

• Voltage Unbalance

• Harmonics

• Commutation Notches

• Interharmonic Voltages

Following the calculation, a detailed report and summary are made available for further analysis. Anexample of a LV connection assessment summary and the associated network diagram are shown inFigure 7.8).


7.5 Modal Analysis 7 ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

Figure 7.8: Example of LV Load Connection Summary

7.5 Modal Analysis

7.5.1 QZ Method

The Modal Analysis package is being enhanced in PowerFactory 15.1 by the introduction of the QZfactorization method. In comparison to the previous QR method (based on system reduction), additionalmodels are now supported using the QZ method:

• Asynchronous machine (ElmAsm)

• PWM Converter (ElmVscmono, ElmVsc)

• Surge arrester (StaSua)

• Complex load (TypLodind)

• DC-machine (ElmDcm)

• DC-line (TypLne)

• DC shunt (ElmShnt)

• DC valve (ElmValve)

In previous PowerFactory versions, networks containing any of the above models required the use ofthe Arnoldi Calculation method.

7.5.2 Output Data for Matlab

By using any of the calculation methods of the Modal Analysis engine, the user has the possibility toobtain MATLAB compatible output results and system matrices as shown in Figure 7.9.


7.6 Protection Functions 7 ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

Figure 7.9: Matlab Ready Output Results of Modal Analysis

7.6 Protection Functions

7.6.1 Time-Overcurrent Plots

A new feature is added in PowerFactory 15.1 which enables single-line diagram paths to be shown intime-overcurrent plots as illustrated in Figure 7.10. This is done by defining a specific path including theprotection equipment of interest. Legend entries are also separately displayed.

Figure 7.10: Single Line Diagrams in Time-overcurrent Plots


7.6 Protection Functions 7 ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

7.6.2 Coordination Assistant

The new coordination assistant helps the protection engineer to quickly find well structured and con-sistent network protection solutions and afterwards easily analyse, tune and implement the chosensettings in the protection devices. The algorithm is flexible, automated and comprehensive featuring thefollowing options:

• User-definable coordination area (paths)

• Automatic coordination of distance protection relays

• Determination of relay protection zones

• Reactive reach via zone-factors (independent, cumulative, ref. to line 1)

• Resistive reach based on prospective fault/load resistance

• Output options:

– Tabular report

– Time-distance diagram

– Automatic update of protection devices

A snapshot of some of the available parameter settings is shown in Figure 7.11.

Figure 7.11: Coordination Assistant Dialogue

Time distance plots are automatically obtained after executing the algorithm, as shown in Figure 7.12.


7.7 Arithmetic Post-processing in Virtual Instruments 7 ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

Figure 7.12: Example of a Resulting Time-distance Diagram

7.6.3 Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis according to BGI/GUV-I 5188

The Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis has been extended in PowerFactory 15.1 to support the German Stan-dard BGI/GUV-I 5188 as shown in Figure 7.13. The calculation performs the automatic determinationof:

• Arcing current (IkLB)

• Fault clearing time

• Arc energy (WLB)

• Personal protective equipment class (PSAgS)

Figure 7.13: Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis according to BGI/GUV-I 5188

7.7 Arithmetic Post-processing in Virtual Instruments

All virtual instruments (e.g. visualisation plots) have now been enhanced to support DSL compatiblearithmetical equations. This feature removes the hassle of having to define dedicated DSL blocks andassociated common models for the post processing of results. Adding, subtracting, offset or any otherequation relating one or more result variables can be easily defined in the plot options as shown inFigure 7.14.


7.8 Optimal Manual Restoration 7 ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

Figure 7.14: User Defined Result Variables using DSL Syntax

Figure 7.15: Example Plot using Arithmetic Post-processing of Result Signals

Any calculations needed only in the result analysis phase can be eliminated entirely from the userdefined models. Simulation models are therefore simpler and easier to debug. The user benefitsthrough shorter development time and increased focus on the studied phenomena.

7.8 Optimal Manual Restoration

PowerFactory 15.1 includes a new “Optimal Manual Restoration” tool which determines the optimalsequence for operating manual switches when searching for location of a fault in a distribution network.This tool is intended for distribution networks with a radial feeder topology which may contain remotecontrol switches (RCS). The Optimal Manual Restoration tool defines the locations of manual switcheswhich are to be opened/closed and the corresponding sequential order that a service team shouldopen/close these switches in order to restore power safely to the greatest number of consumers in theshortest possible time.


8 MODELS

8 Models

8.1 New Models

8.1.1 PV System (ElmPvsys)

A new and comprehensive PV built-in model is available in PowerFactory 15.1 greatly simplifyingprojects using the photovoltaic based generation element (ElmPvsys) as shown in Figure 8.1. Thecreation of planning scenarios containing PV generation is therefore simplified.

Figure 8.1: PV Model (ElmPvsys) Graphical Representation

Multiple inverter phase configurations, conversion efficiency, number of panels and number of parallelinverters are standard built-in options. Different PV panel technologies (Mono-Si, Poly-Si, a-Si, CIS,CdTe) are implemented based on user-defined datasheet parameters. Depending on the geographicallocation (an example for varying latitude is shown in Figure 8.2), the model can accurately simulateinjected power output by the help of various settings:

• PV panel mounting system (fixed, single or dual axis tracking)

• Irradiance model (geographically based/measured hourly data, global and diffuse irradiance mod-els)

• Environment factors (ambient temperatures, shading factors, reflection coefficient)

Figure 8.2: Power Output of a Dual-axis 5 kWp PV System for Different Geographical Locations


8.1 New Models 8 MODELS

A PV system reactive power controller is implemented for Load Flow calculations including the followingcontrol types:

• Power factor reference

• Voltage reference

• Droop characteristic

• Q(V) characteristic

• Cosphi(P) characteristic

8.1.2 Impulse Source (ElmImpulse)

Analysis of network faults due to lightning strikes is enhanced by the addition of the built-in impulsecurrent source model (ElmImpulse). This EMT-Simulation specific model supports three standardisedcurrent waveform types:

• Two-exponential

• Heidler

• IEC62305-1 compliant

The impulse current source (ElmImpulse) can be set to model either positive, negative and subsequentlightning strikes. Different types of current waveforms are exemplified in Figure 8.3.

Figure 8.3: Current Waveforms Generated using the Impulse Current Source

8.1.3 DC Machine (ElmDcm)

The new DC machine model (ElmDcm ) is designed for use in Load Flow and DC Short-CircuitCalculations as well as RMS- and EMT-Simulations. The model can be set to both motor and generatormode. The DC machine (ElmDcm) element supports five different machine types:

• Separately excited machine model


8.1 New Models 8 MODELS

• Shunt-connected machine model

• Series-connected machine model

• Compound-connected machine model with a shunt located ahead of the series field

• Compound-connected machine model with a shunt located behind the series field

8.1.4 DC Battery (ElmBattery)

A DC battery model is now available in PowerFactory 15.1. It is based on the DC voltage sourcemodel and includes battery specific parameters such as capacity, number of cells, internal resistancesand inductances etc. It can be used in Load Flow and DC Short-Circuit Calculations as well as RMS-Simulations. A snapshot of the available parameters for DC short circuit calculation are shown in Fig-ure 8.4).

Figure 8.4: DC Short Circuit Parameters of DC Battery Model

8.1.5 Series RLC Filter (ElmSfilt)

A new passive component is now available in PowerFactory 15.1 representing a series RLC filter (seeFigure 8.5). It simplifies the graphical representation. In previous versions separate elements for resis-tance, inductance and capacitance were needed in order to create RLC filters. The filter can either bea single or a three phase type. It is used for Load Flow and AC Short-Circuit Calculations as well asRMS- and EMT-Simulations.


8.2 Model Enhancements 8 MODELS

Figure 8.5: Series RLC Filter Dialogue

8.2 Model Enhancements

8.2.1 2-Winding Transformer (ElmTr2)

The 2-Winding Transformer element (ElmTr2) benefits from several enhancements in PowerFactory15.1. It is now possible to simultaneously define LV and HV tap changers (see Figure 8.6).

Figure 8.6: Simultaneous Definition of LV and HV Tap Changers

An extended phase shifter model is also available providing the possibility of choosing either an idealphase shifter (voltage magnitude does not change) or a symmetrical phase shifter (correlation betweentaps on HV and LV side).



8.2.2 3-Winding Transformer (ElmTr3)

In addition to the already available parameter “No load current” (cr0m3), the model has been extendedso that the user can also enter the magnetising impedance ratio R0

X0(rtox0n).

8.2.3 Static Generator (ElmGenstat)

The Static Generator element (ElmGenstat) has been enhanced as below:

• Model selection for RMS simulation

– According to connected input signals (default)

– Current Source

– Voltage Source

– Constant Impedance

• Support for switch-on threshold and delay during disconnection period due to minimum operatingvoltage

– Switch-off Threshold (parameter umin)

– Switch-on Threshold (parameter uonthr )

– Switch-on Delay (parameter Tondelay )

8.2.4 Synchronous Machine (ElmSym)

The synchronous machine model (ElmSym) is augmented with the following new features:

• Saturation curve: quadratic, exponential equations or tabular input (see Figure 8.7)

• New input signal “delta speed” (typically useful in sub-synchronous resonance studies)

• Harmonics/Power Quality

– Harmonic source representation using Thevenin equivalent, impedance or ideal voltage source

– Flicker coefficients

• Frequency dependent negative and zero sequence resistances and inductances (r2(f), l2(f), r0(f),l0(f))

• Additional damping (only for generators)

• Inertia of mechanical load and gear ratio (only for motors)



Figure 8.7: Saturation Effect of Synchronous Machine Model (ElmSym)

8.2.5 Asynchronous Machine (ElmAsm)

Additional parameters are added to the asynchronous machine model (ElmAsm) in order to representthe inertia of the mechanical load and the gear ratio (only for motors).

8.2.6 Shunt Measurement Table

For the inductor (R-L) and capacitor (C) shunt types (ElmShnt) the definition of input data based onmeasurement reports is now possible as shown in Figure 8.8.

Figure 8.8: Measurement Table for a Capacitor Shunt Type



8.2.7 Station Controller (ElmStactrl)

A new control mode has been added to the Station Controller element (ElmStactrl) :

• tan(phi) Control (see Figure 8.9)

Figure 8.9: New Control Mode in Station Controller - tan(phi)

8.2.8 Measurement Devices

The existing voltage (StaVmea), current (StaImea) and power (StaPqmea) measurement models havebeen enhanced so that measurements on single phase elements can be executed (as shown in Fig-ure 8.10). Results of the single phase measurement models are available only for unsymmetrical cal-culations/simulations.

Figure 8.10: Single/Three Phase Voltage Measurement Element

8.2.9 Frequency Polynomial Characteristic (ChaPol)

An additional equation for k(f) is implemented, being particularly useful in studies with frequency de-pendent resistance of cables and transformers (as illustrated in Figure 8.11). The additional equation isshown below:

k(f) = 1 + a ∗ ((f/fn)− 1)b (1)

Figure 8.11: Frequency Polynomial Characteristic Dialogue - Equation Type 2


9 PYTHON INTEGRATION

9 Python Integration

PowerFactory 15.1 newly offers support for the Python scripting language. Python can now be usedfor various kinds of automation tasks within PowerFactory and integration tasks from external applica-tions. Although the proprietary built-in scripting language will still be supported, there are several goodreasons to start using Python:

• Non-proprietary, widely spread and very popular scripting language

• Open source licensed

• Extensive standard libraries and third party modules

– Interfaces to external databases and MS-Office like applications

– Web-services, etc.

• Support for debugging

• Can be compiled

9.1 PowerFactory Module in Python

The functionality of PowerFactory is offered in Python through a dynamic module with the name “pow-erfactory.pyd”. Some facts about this module:

• Dynamic module implemented in Boost.Python using the PowerFactory API

• Offers access to

– all objects

– all attributes (element data, type data, results)

– all commands (load flow calculation, etc.)

– lots of special built-in functions (DPL functions)

• Usable from

– within PowerFactory through the new command ComPython

– external (PowerFactory is started by the module as an engine)

Here is a small example which prints “Hello World!” to the PowerFactory output window and executesa load-flow calculation. The following script can be executed from within PowerFactory .

1 if __name__ == ’__main__’:2 #connect to PowerFactory3 import powerfactory as pf4 app = pf.GetApplication()5 if app is None:6 raise Exception("getting PowerFactory application failed")78 #print to PowerFactory output window9 app.PrintInfo("Hello World!")

1011 #get active project12 prj = app.GetActiveProject()13 if prj is None:14 raise Exception("no project activated")1516


9.2 Integration of a Python Script into PowerFactory 9 PYTHON INTEGRATION

17 #calculate load-flow18 ldf = app.GetFromStudyCase("ComLdf")19 ldf.Execute()

To start the script externally, the path of the PowerFactory module has to be added to the system path(see lines 2-4).

1 if __name__ == ’__main__’:2 #prepare system path3 import sys4 sys.path.append("C:\\Program Files\\PowerFactory\\python\\")56 #connect to PowerFactory7 import powerfactory as pf8 app = pf.GetApplication()9 if app is None:

10 raise Exception("getting PowerFactory application failed")1112 #print to PowerFactory output window13 app.PrintInfo("Hello World!")1415 #get active project16 prj = app.GetActiveProject()17 if prj is None:18 raise Exception("no project activated")192021 #calculate load-flow22 ldf = app.GetFromStudyCase("ComLdf")23 ldf.Execute()

9.2 Integration of a Python Script into PowerFactory

Every Python script file (*.py) is represented in PowerFactory by a ComPython object. A ComPythonobject holds only the path, not the file itself. With the “Open in external Editor” button it is possible toedit the file directly. The “Execute” button executes the script.

Figure 9.1: ComPython Edit

Python scripts (ComPython) objects can be executed like DPL scripts (ComDpl objects):

• from the data manager

• from the main menu


9.2 Integration of a Python Script into PowerFactory 9 PYTHON INTEGRATION

• from the main toolbar

• from the single line graphic

• as a button, etc.

An executing ComPython object can be interrupted with the “Break” button in the main toolbar.

Figure 9.2: Main Toolbar “Break” Button


DIgSILENT GmbH

Heinrich-Hertz-Straße 9

72810 Gomaringen

Germany

T +49 7072 9168-0

F +49 7072 9168-88

[email protected]

www.digsilent.de

DIgSILENT

Company Profile

DIgSILENT is a consulting and software company

providing engineering services in the field of

electrical power systems for transmission,

distribution, generation and industrial plants.

DIgSILENT was founded in 1985 and is a

fully independent, privately owned company

located in Gomaringen/Tübingen, Germany.

DIgSILENT continued expansion by establishing

offices in Australia, South Africa, Italy, Chile,

Spain and France, thereby facilitating improved

service following the world-wide increase in

usage of its software products and services.

DIgSILENT has established a strong partner

network in many countries such as Mexico,

Malaysia, UK, Switzerland, Colombia, Brazil,

Peru, China and India. DIgSILENT services and

software installations have been conducted

in more than 110 countries.

DIgSILENT PowerFactory

DIgSILENT develops the leading integrated

power system analysis software PowerFactory,

which covers the full range of functionality

from standard features to highly sophisticated

and advanced applications including wind

power, distributed generation, real-time

simulation and performance monitoring for

system testing and supervision. For wind

power applications, PowerFactory has

become the power industry’s de-facto standard

tool, due to PowerFactory models and

algorithms providing unrivalled accuracy and

performance.

DIgSILENT StationWare is a reliable central

protection settings database and management

system, based on latest .NET technology.

StationWare stores and records all settings

in a central database, allows modelling of

relevant workflow sequences, provides quick

access to relay manuals, interfaces with manu-

facturer specific relay settings and integrates

with PowerFactory software, allowing for

powerful and easy-to-use settings co-ordination

studies.

PowerFactory Monitor is a flexible performance

recording and monitoring system that copes

easily and efficiently with the special require-

ments for system test implementation, system

performance supervision and the determination

and supervision of connection characteristics.

Numerous Monitoring Systems installed at

various grid locations can be integrated to a

Wide-Area-Measurement-System (WAMS).

PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates with

PowerFactory software.

DIgSILENT Consulting

DIgSILENT GmbH is staffed with experts of

various disciplines relevant for performing

consulting services, research activities, user

training, educational programs and software

development. Highly specialised expertise is

available in many fields of electrical engineering

applicable to liberalised power markets

and to the latest developments in power

generation technologies such as wind power

and distributed generation. DIgSILENT has

provided expert consulting services to several

prominent wind-grid integration studies.

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