What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization,...

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What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization , Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

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Transcript of What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization,...

Page 1: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

What’s this aboutLEARNING?

What’s this about

LEARNING?

Learning & Conditioning-

Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery

Page 2: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Learning

Learning relatively

permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience

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Learning vs Conditioning

Stimulus A(The word ball)

Thought of B(Mental image of a ball)

Thought of B(Mental image of a ball)

Learning Experience

After Learning

Neutral stimulus(Bell)

Unconditioned response(Salivation)

Conditioned response(Salivation)

Conditioning Procedure

After Conditioning

Unconditioned stimulus(Food)

Conditioned stimulus(Bell)

Stimulus A(The word ball)

Stimulus B(Sight of a ball)

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Classical Conditioning

Ivan Pavlov 1849-1936 Russian

physician/ neurophysiologist

Nobel Prize in 1904

studied digestive secretions

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Classical Conditioning

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) stimulus that unconditionally--automatically and

naturally--triggers a response

Unconditioned Response (UCR) unlearned, naturally occurring response to the

unconditioned stimulus

Page 6: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Classical Conditioning

Conditioned Stimulus (CS) originally irrelevant stimulus that, after

association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

Conditioned Response (CR) learned response to a previously neutral

conditioned stimulus

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Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning

UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS REFLEX ACTIONwill

elicit a

UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS

NEUTRAL STIMULUSREFLEX ACTIONwill

elicit a

CONDITIONED STIMULUSCONDITIONED STIMULUSwill

elicit aCONDITIONED

RESPONSE

NEUTRAL STIMULUSwill

elicit NO REACTION

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Pavlov’s Classic Experiment

Before Conditioning

During Conditioning After Conditioning

UCS (foodin mouth)

Neutralstimulus(tone)

Nosalivation

UCR (salivation)

Neutralstimulus(tone)

UCS (foodin mouth)

UCR(salivation)

CS(tone)

CR (salivation)

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Nausea Conditioning in Cancer Patients

UCS(drug)

UCR(nausea)

CS(waiting room)

CS(waitingroom) CR

(nausea)

UCS(drug)

UCR(nausea)

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Classical Conditioning

UCS(passionate kiss) UCR

(sexualarousal)

CS(onionbreath)

CS(onion breath) CR

(sexualarousal)

UCS(passionate Kiss) UCR

(sexualarousal)

Other examples?

Odors?

Memory?

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Classical Conditioning

Pavlov’s device for recording salivation

Page 12: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Classical Conditioning

Acquisition the initial stage in classical conditioning the phase associating a ns with an ucs so that

the ns comes to elicit a cr

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Classical Conditioning

Extinction diminishing of a CR in classical conditioning, when a

UCS does not follow a CS

Page 14: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Classical Conditioning

Strengthof CR

Pause

Acquisition(CS+UCS)

Extinction(CS alone)

Extinction(CS alone)

Spontaneousrecovery ofCR

Page 15: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Classical Conditioning

Spontaneous Recovery reappearance, after a rest

period, of an extinguished CR Generalization

tendency for stimuli similar to CS to elicit similar responses

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Classical Conditioning

Discrimination in classical conditioning, the learned

ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal a UCS

Page 17: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Do Demo- Eye Blink….

Stop here….. End of lesson one

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Behaviorism

John B. Watson Baby Albert Experiment Conditioned humans &

emotional response

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Classical Conditioning

Page 20: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Show Clip…

Watson's Baby Albert

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Operant Conditioning- Review

What is Operant Conditioning? type of learning in which behavior is

strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment

What is the Law of Effect? Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by

favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Page 22: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Operant Conditioning

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) elaborated

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

developed behavioral technology

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Show clip- “Skinner Boxes”

Waldon Two- A utopian Community?The lollipop experimentwww.twinoaks.org

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Operant Conditioning

Shaping operant conditioning procedure in

which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of a desired goal

Hot/ Cold Game

Page 25: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Principles of Reinforcement

Primary Reinforcer innately reinforcing stimulus i.e., satisfies a biological need

Conditioned ( secondary)Reinforcer stimulus that gains its reinforcing power

through its association with primary reinforcer

Page 26: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Experiment- Conditioning the Teacher

Page 27: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

How do Punishment & NR differ?

Punishment aversive event that decreases the

behavior that it follows NR- Precedes behavior and

decreases frequency EX?

Page 28: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Cognition and Operant Conditioning

Cognitive Map mental representation of the layout of one’s

environment Example: after exploring a maze, rats act as

if they have learned a cognitive map of it

Latent Learning learning that occurs, but is not apparent until

there is an incentive to demonstrate it

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Cognition and Operant Conditioning

Intrinsic Motivation desire to perform a behavior for its

own sake and to be effective Extrinsic Motivation

desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishments

Survey…..

Page 30: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Observational Learning

Observational Learning learning by observing and

imitating others ( modeling)

Page 31: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Observational Learning

Alfred Bandura’s Experiments Bobo doll we look and we

learn Prosocial

behavior

Page 32: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Does TV Make children Violent?

It can magnify predisposition to violence in males.

Increase aggressive response in non-violent males

Almost no impact on femalesMore than two hours per day before age

five increases rate of ADD.Critique of Studies?

Page 33: What’s this about LEARNING? What’s this about LEARNING? Learning & Conditioning- Generalization, Extinction, Discrimination & Spontaneous Recovery.

Television and Observational Learning


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