What's New in CMG Software YYYY doc · What's New in CMG Software 2 Important Changes in 2012...

What's New in CMG Software

Version 2012 Mid-Year Release

By Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

What's New in CMG Software i

Contents

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PROCESS WIZARD (BUILDER) .............................................................................................................. 2

HYDRAULIC FRACTURES (BUILDER) .................................................................................................. 2

ADD CURVES (RESULTS GRAPH) ........................................................................................................ 2

SPECIAL HISTORY ORIGIN TYPE (RESULTS GRAPH) ....................................................................... 3

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SIMULATOR CHANGES .......................................................................................................................... 4

Other New Keywords ............................................................................................................................................ 4

GRID CHANGES ...................................................................................................................................... 4

Improved Corner-Point Efficiency .......................................................................................................................... 4 More Compact SR2 Output Files .......................................................................................................................... 4 Other New Keywords ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Enhancements to Existing Keywords .................................................................................................................... 5

WELL MANAGEMENT CHANGES .......................................................................................................... 6

*LAYERXYZ-METHOD *DIRECT .......................................................................................................................... 6 Trigger on Reporting Group .................................................................................................................................. 6 New *MONITOR Capability ................................................................................................................................... 6 Use of On-Time Averaged Rates in Layer Lump Calculations .............................................................................. 6 Removing Targets from Group Control ................................................................................................................. 6 Improved Handling of Most Restrictive Constraint ................................................................................................ 6 *DRILLT ................................................................................................................................................................ 7

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SIMULATOR CHANGES .......................................................................................................................... 8

Gas Adsorption ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 Multiple Solvent PVT Tables ................................................................................................................................. 8 Solver Technology................................................................................................................................................. 8 Other New Keywords ............................................................................................................................................ 9 Enhancements to Existing Keywords .................................................................................................................... 9 Template Data Set Changes ................................................................................................................................. 9 Data Incompatibilities with Previous Versions of IMEX ....................................................................................... 10

What's New in CMG Software ii

GRID CHANGES .................................................................................................................................... 10

*SECTOR, *SECTORARRAY and *SECTORNAMES ........................................................................................ 10

THIRD-PARTY INTEGRATION CHANGES ........................................................................................... 10

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SIMULATOR CHANGES ........................................................................................................................ 11

Relative Permeability Interpolation ...................................................................................................................... 11 Viscosity Models by EOS Set .............................................................................................................................. 11 Varying Initialization Methods by Regions ........................................................................................................... 11 Other New Keywords .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Enhancements to Existing Keywords .................................................................................................................. 12 Template Dataset Changes ................................................................................................................................. 12

GRID CHANGES .................................................................................................................................... 13

Data Incompatibilities with Previous Versions of GEM ........................................................................................ 13

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SIMULATOR CHANGES ........................................................................................................................ 14

Geomechanics .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Chemical Processes ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Other New Keywords .......................................................................................................................................... 14 Enhancements to Existing Keywords .................................................................................................................. 15 Template Dataset Changes ................................................................................................................................. 15 Data Incompatibilities with Previous Versions of STARS .................................................................................... 16

WELL MANAGEMENT CHANGES ........................................................................................................ 16

Flexible Wellbore ................................................................................................................................................. 16 Other New Keywords .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Enhancements to Existing Keywords .................................................................................................................. 17 Template Dataset Changes ................................................................................................................................. 17 Data Incompatibilities with Previous Versions of STARS .................................................................................... 17

GRID CHANGES .................................................................................................................................... 18

Enhancements to Existing Keywords .................................................................................................................. 18 Template Dataset Changes ................................................................................................................................. 18 Data Incompatibilities with Previous Versions of STARS .................................................................................... 18

What's New in CMG Software iii

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GENERAL CHANGES ............................................................................................................................ 19

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GENERAL CHANGES ............................................................................................................................ 20

Support STARS-ME and Other Special Simulator Versions ................................................................................ 20 Pre-simulation Commands and Improved Link to GOCAD .................................................................................. 20 Time Series Data Compression in CMOST Result File ....................................................................................... 20 Export CMOST Result to Text File or Excel ........................................................................................................ 20 Adjust Maximum Job Run Time during Run ........................................................................................................ 20 Job Submission and Scheduler Utilization Optimization ...................................................................................... 21 CMG Dataset Parameterization Tool ................................................................................................................... 21 Particle Swarm Optimization ............................................................................................................................... 21 Ordinary Kriging Algorithm Improvement ............................................................................................................ 21

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GENERAL CHANGES ............................................................................................................................ 22

Simulator Calculation Engine Changes ............................................................................................................... 22 Graphical User Interface Changes ...................................................................................................................... 22

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GENERAL CHANGES - BUILDER ........................................................................................................ 23

GENERAL CHANGES - RESULTS ........................................................................................................ 23

Results 3D and Results Report ........................................................................................................................... 23 Results Graph ..................................................................................................................................................... 24

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GENERAL CHANGES ............................................................................................................................ 25

What's New in CMG Software 1

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After the 2012 General Release, CMG will no longer test, ship or support subsequent software releases on 32-bit processors and operating systems. Customers using a 32-bit system will be requested to use this 2012 release or older.


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The MYR version contains important new functionality:

PROCESS WIZARD (BUILDER) Users can now create polymer models in STARS datasets which show the effect of velocity and salinity on polymer viscosity, all with temperature dependency. This temperature dependency is important because cold polymer solution is frequently injected into a hot reservoir.

To support this functionality, the polymer process wizard dialog boxes have changed in steps 2 and 6. Step 2 now allows polymer viscosity to be a function of salinity and shows the wettability shift. Step 6 allows the user to view the relationship between polymer viscosity and shear rate or velocity, and to see how these values compare with STARS calculations. The wizard also lets the user select injector wells and times at which they want fluid to be injected by the wizard, based on what was selected in the process steps.

There are no changes in the way the wizard generates previous data, aside from some of the default values. For example, the “Include polymer wettability changes” option is now checked as the default setting. A current limitation to this new functionality is that the ability to save the user input data from the wizard to the dataset has not yet been added.

Note: If you want to use the polymer process wizard or STARS for chemical EOR applications, please contact your CMG account manager for an updated version of STARS.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURES (BUILDER) Users can parameterize hydraulic fracture and microseismic import wizard properties for CMOST runs. The fields in the wizards will now be saved as settings in a Builder dataset under the RESULTS section at the end of the file. This will allow users to set these values as parameters in CMOST task files. Since the wizards re-calculate where fractures exist, and the associated property values if settings are changed, CMOST can force these calculations when running Builder silently. This is a powerful feature, as completely different fracture systems can be used for comparison when performing CMOST runs.

ADD CURVES (RESULTS GRAPH) Results Graph has made it easy to add similar curves for multiple results files at the same time. This functionality is available through the “Add Curves” dialog box, and replaces the old “Add Similar Curves/Plots” menu option. To take advantage of the multi selection feature, any files which the user wants to use for comparison purposes should be kept open in the Results Graph session before using the multi selection option in the Add Curves dialog box.


SPECIAL HISTORY ORIGIN TYPE (RESULTS GRAPH) Results Graph has removed restrictions which previously existed for special history keywords when working with restart files. It is now possible to mix and match the special history parameters which are used, between the base file and the restart file.


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SIMULATOR CHANGES

Other New Keywords

Geomechanics Enhancements

The *GEOGRID option was enhanced to interface with a fluid-flow grid that has local grid refinement together with a natural-fracture grid option. See template data sets gmgmc049.dat and gmgmc050.dat for GEM, and stgeo059.dat and stgeo060.dat for STARS

The *GEOGRID option was enhanced to handle *GNULL blocks correctly. See template data sets gmgmc051.dat for GEM and stgeo061.dat for STARS.

Improved Initialization of Skewed Corner-Point Grids

A very fine scale (optional) horizontal integration option has been introduced into the DEPTH_AVE integration option to be used with skewed corner point grids. Sub-keyword *FINE_INTG enables this option for corner point grids. See template data set gmsmo045.dat for GEM.

GRID CHANGES

Improved Corner-Point Efficiency

New keywords *NNODES, *NODES, *NODEX, *NODEY, *NODEZ and *BLOCKS allow you to specify a fundamental corner-point grid using a node-based data structure. This option reduces the size of the grid data and speeds up grid reading. For GEM, see the …\doc\Corner_Point_Nodes folder for documentation. See doc\Improved_Corner_Point_Grid_Generation_Efficiency\ for IMEX.

Command-line argument “-crncon_node” causes the simulator to convert internally incoming block-based corner-point data (e.g., *CORNERS) to the node-based representation. This option may speed up significantly the grid-building part of the run, at the price of additional memory requirement. This option does not change how corner-point data is written to the SR2 file set and is not limited by the restrictions of the node-based input data (e.g., *CORNERS *RG is allowed). This command-line argument is considered temporary and may not be available after the 2012 version year.

More Compact SR2 Output Files

Support for new Node-based Corner Point Grid data format, single-precision non-restart records and separate restart files. Refer to doc\Separate_Restart_and_SR2_graphics_file\restart_sr2.docx.


Other New Keywords

*IRCONNECT Keyword

A new irregular connection keyword (*IRCONNECT) has been added to the grid module. *IRCONNECT assigns geometry factors to new and existing interblock connections, similar to *SCONNECT, but not limited in the physical processes supported. It is more flexible than the existing *SCONNECT keyword in that it is direction aware and so may be used with compaction and dilation models. It will use permeabilities in the blocks specified to be connected as well as input ½ lengths, input interblock area and input connection direction to calculate block transmissibility. See stgro061.dat and stgro062.dat for STARS.

Transmissibility Multiplier Action

New keyword *TRANSMULT specifies the action taken when an interblock connection’s transmissibility multiplier is modified more than once in a run. The old multiplier is either replaced by or multiplied by the new multiplier. The default action is replacement, which was the only action available in previous versions. This keyword allows the action to be changed to “accumulate”. Note: Full support for this feature in Builder is pending. Refer to …\doc\Transmult_keyword\Transmult_keyword.doc.

Enhancements to Existing Keywords

Additional *MOD Keyword Feature (*ARRAY)

The *MOD *ARRAY option lets you replace values in a rectangular region of the grid, using an array of values. For example: *MOD *ARRAY value_array replaces the existing property values in the region by the corresponding values from value_array. The number of values in value_array must be (i2-i1+1) (j2-j1+1) (k2-k1+1) and repeat counts are allowed. A value must be specified for each block in the I-J-K range, even if the block is null. See template data set gmgro020.dat for GEM and verify89.dat for STARS.

LGR Grid Definition Enhancement (Ratio Method)

For a locally refined grid, the default action is to divide the parent block into child blocks of uniform size. To override this default, use sub-keyword *RG to specify the ratios of child block sizes. This ratio method makes it easy to specify child block sizes when parent block size is odd or unknown.

When used with keywords *DI, *DJ and *DK, sub-keyword *RG assigns non-uniform child block sizes by generating blocks that are proportioned to the specified sizes and fit into the parent block size. Previously, an error message was issued if the specified child block sizes did not sum exactly to the parent block size. Also, this new behaviour works for LGR in a corner-point grid whereas previously it worked only for Cartesian. For STARS, see template data sets stgro017.dat and sttst04.dat.


WELL MANAGEMENT CHANGES

*LAYERXYZ-METHOD *DIRECT

The original method for calculating well bore radius and well permeability for directional wells has been improved. Witht the new default method, directional weighting (*DIRECT) replaces the previous method (*OLD) which used cardinal weighting. See keyword *LAYERXYZ-METHOD for a detailed description of the differences.

Trigger on Reporting Group

The keyword *TRIGGER has a new subkeyword for trigger definition: *ON_REPGRP ‘reporting_group_name’ ‘reporting_group_condition’. This subkeyword indicates that the trigger test condition is to be applied to a reporting group ‘reporting_group_name’. The reporting group must be previously defined to enable reporting group based triggers to be used. See the *TRIGGER documentation for the choices available for ‘reporting_group_condition’.

New *MONITOR Capability

The keyword *MONITOR *SHUTLAYER1 will plug the most offending layer (which, when shut, causes the well to have the lowest/highest value of the monitored variable) and continue the simulation. *SHUTLAYER1 has the same effect as *SHUTLAYER for a rate type monitor (e.g. STO), but will be different for a ratio type monitor (e.g. GOR). See template data set stwwm081.dat.

The keyword *MONITOR *AUTOLAYER1 is similar to *AUTOLAYER but corresponding to *SHUTLAYER1. See template data set stwwm082.dat.

Use of On-Time Averaged Rates in Layer Lump Calculations

New keyword *LAYERLUMP_ACTR selects actual or on-time averaged rates and ratios based on the rates in all calculations involving lumps. The alternative (default) is to use instantaneous rates in layer lump calculations.

Removing Targets from Group Control

The keywords *GCONP ‘group_name’ *TARGET *NONE will remove any production target specified previously (including *VREP, *RECYCLE and *PMAINT) for group ‘group_name’. Existing maximum / minimum constraints are not affected.

The keywords *GCONI ‘group_name’ *TARGET ‘stream_name’ *NONE will remove any previously specified injection target (including *VREP, *VREFP, *RECYCLE and *PMAINT) for the indicated ‘stream_name’ (gas, water or solvent) and group ‘group_name’. Existing maximum constraints are not affected.

Improved Handling of Most Restrictive Constraint

Order of constraints is no longer a consideration, which eliminates a non-obvious data entry requirement.


*DRILLT

*DRILLT is a keyword to allow the specification of minimum time intervals between the auto-drilling of injectors and producers. For IMEX, refer to …\doc\DRILLT_Keyword\Recurrent_Data_DRILLT.doc.


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SIMULATOR CHANGES

Gas Adsorption

The new keywords *ADGMAXV, *ADGCSTV, *ROCKDEN, *ADGPCRIT (Rock-Fluid Section) and *ADS_WATERZONE (Component Properties section) allow the user to specify the Langmuir Isotherm parameters used to model the adsorption/desorption of gas to/from rock. This feature can be used to model simple adsorption effects in shale gas and CBM problems.

Multiple Solvent PVT Tables

IMEX now optionally allows the PVTS table, the *OMEGASG keyword and the *DENSITY and *SOLVENT keywords to be entered for each PVT region. This allows the solvent properties and mixing parameters between solvent and oil and solvent and gas to vary from PVT region to PVT region. This option is backwards compatible; no data modification is required for earlier solvent models to run.

Solver Technology

Improved Cache, Adaptive Implicit and Fully Implicit Alignment

For both fully implicit and adaptive implicit models this will improve parallel efficiency. These options are enabled by default. They are not described in the IMEX 2012.10 manual but are described in the doc directory.

Automatic Parallel Partitioning in 2 Dimensions (Any Two of the x, y, and z Directions)

Two dimensional partitioning now can be set up automatically using *PPATTERN *AUTOP2D

Improved Parallel Performance

Improvements to the implementation of parallelization in IMEX have allowed the Simulator to run more efficiently on larger number of threads on Shared Memory Processors.


Other New Keywords

Three Point Endpoint Scanning (*3PTSCALING)

When *3PTSCALING is enabled an interior scaling point is added to the saturation endpoint scaling procedure.

For each of Krw, Krow, Krg, and Krog, a different interior scaling point is used depending on the value of block water saturation (oil-water table) and block liquid saturation (gas-liquid table).

Krw Scaled between Swcrit and (1-Sorw), if block Sw is less than or equal to (1-Sorw), or between (1-Sorw) and (1-Soirw), if Sw is greater than (1-Sorw).

Krow Scaled between Swcon and Swcrit, if block Sw is less than or equal to Swcrit, or between Swcrit and (1-Sorw), if Sw is greater than Swcrit.

Krg Scaled between Slcon and Slrg, if block Sl is less than or equal to Slrg, or between Slrg and (1-Sgcrit), if Sl is greater than Slrg.

Krog Scaled between Slrg and (1-Sgcrit), if block Sl is less than or equal to (1-Sgcrit) or between (1-Sgcrit) and (1-Sgcon), if Sl is greater than (1-Sgcrit)

Extrapolate Krw from Krw (Sorw) to Krw=1.0 at Sw = 1.0 (*KRWEXTRAP)

This keyword enables the linear extrapolation of water relative permeability from the last water saturation in the oil-water table to a saturation of 1.0 and a value of Krw of 1.0.

The command line argument “-restart_sr2 can be used to indicate if the SR2 files are combined or separated. If ‘–restart_sr2 main’ is assigned, sr2 will be considered to have restart and results information combined in one sr2 file set. Otherwise if ‘–restart_sr2 separate’ is used, restart and results will be treated separately in two different sr2 file sets. Combined or separated sr2 files should keep consist between initial and restart run. No mixed uses of sr2 files are supported. Currently, IMEX default is to use the combined sr2. This option is not described in the IMEX 2012.10 manual (see outboard documentation).


*WATER_FIX 4

The WATER_FIX keyword has been used in the past to improve performance in water filled blocks when small amounts of oil or gas re-enter the block. Without this option, numerical issues could occur.

The *WATER_FIX 4 option has been implemented to improve its performance. *WATER_FIX 4 is recommended for models where the complete disappearance of water leads to numerical issues. Water_fix 4 includes all of the enhancements included in water_fix 2 and 3.

Template Data Set Changes

Added mxgro024.dat to demonstrate the *IRCONNECT keyword

Added mxspr009.dat to demonstrate multiple solvent PVT regions

Added mxsmo054.dat to demonstrate *PPARTITION *AUTOP2D (two dimensional partitioning)

Added mxsmo055.dat to demonstrate a shale gas model using with desorption

Added mxsmo056.dat to demonstrate a coal bed methane model using gas desorption


Added mxsmo057.dat to demonstrate three point scaling (*3PTSCALING)

Added mxsmo058.dat to demonstrate Krw extrapolation (*KRWEXTRAP)

Added mxwwm054.dat to demonstrate on-time average layerlump rate output (*LAYERLUMP_ACTR)

Added mxwwm055.dat to demonstrate the specification of the minimum time interval between the opening of auto-drill wells in a drill queue (*DRILLT) *DRILLT not in 2012 manual, outboard documentation only

Data Incompatibilities with Previous Versions of IMEX

Keywords *SECTOR, *SECTORARRAY and *SECTORNAMES may not be used together.

The *LAYERXYZ calculation method has been improved, producing different results, in some cases, from the previous calculation method.

Use of variable *PB and* PDW and *API initialization arrays may result in slightly different initialization. A problem, which occurred when inconsistent data was entered, has been corrected. This does not affect the *PBT, *PDWT or *APIT table vs. depth initialization options.

GRID CHANGES

*SECTOR, *SECTORARRAY and *SECTORNAMES

Keywords *SECTOR, *SECTORARRAY and *SECTORNAMES may not be used together. In a single data set all sectors need to be defined using the same method. BUILDER can be used in the conversion of one format to another.

THIRD-PARTY INTEGRATION CHANGES

Improved IMEX to GAP Coupling Synchronization

GAP will now synchronize with IMEX well events without the use of trigger keywords by default.


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SIMULATOR CHANGES

Relative Permeability Interpolation

With this feature, multiple relative permeability tables can be defined within one rock type, where each table corresponds to one value of a specified interpolant. Interpolants available are: Volume fraction of deposited asphaltene, volume fraction of mineral, concentration of aqueous species, mole fractions of components in hydrocarbon phases and temperature. Interpolation is linear by default, but may be weighted for non-linear behavior.

This feature may be used to model wettability change due to deposition of solids or aqueous composition change. See templates gmspr025.dat, gmspr026.dat and gmspr027.dat.

Viscosity Models by EOS Set

The hydrocarbon viscosity models have been generalized so that each EOS set can use a different type of viscosity correlation, as well as all input component viscosity data and correlation coefficients.

With this modification, all viscosity models will correctly handle variations in temperature, so there are no restrictions on viscosity model type for thermal models. See template data set gmsmo046.dat.

Varying Initialization Methods by Regions

Different initialization methods can be specified for different initialization regions for CBM models (e.g. user-input for matrix and depth-average vertical equilibrium for fractures).

See template data set gmsmo045.dat.

Other New Keywords

Critical Region Flash Skipping

The new keyword CRITDELD allows user control of the threshold density difference used for flash skipping. Prior to this release, GEM would skip the flash for a single phase block if the difference between the existing phase density and the incipient phase density was less than 25 kg/m3.

Initialization Improvements

*SWNEQ indicates input of non-equilibrium initial water saturation override to be used with gravity-capillary equilibrium initialization. See the …\doc\SWNEQ folder for documentation and an example data set.

Geomechanics Enhancements

The *GEOGRID option was enhanced to interface with a fluid-flow grid that has local grid refinement together with a natural-fracture grid option. See template data sets gmgmc049.dat and gmgmc050.dat.

The *GEOGRID option was enhanced to handle *GNULL blocks correctly. See template data set gmgmc051.dat.


Output Enhancements

*OUTSRF and *OUTPRN subkeywords *ZALL, *YALL and *XALL have been added to facilitate output of all hydrocarbon component mole fractions to the SR2/output files.

*OUTSRF *SPECIAL is now accepted as an alias for *OUTSRF *WELL. See template data set gmtrg011.dat.


Water Vaporization Improvements

The water vaporization model has been improved by: reformulating the model for 2-phase hydrocarbon system with water vaporization, reformulating the H2O component equilibrium equations, and improving the stability test for Aqueous-Liquid-Vapor systems.

Improved Adaptive Implicit Switching

The threshold-based AIM switching criterion has been extended to include aqueous components. This gives better performance for models with solubility of components in the aqueous phase as well as geochemistry models.

Improved Upstream Weighting for Dispersion Control

The two-point upstream weighting method (*TWOPTFLUX) has been parallelized for fast run time, and enhanced to work without restriction with all of the GEM simulation options.

Shale Gas Initialization Speed-Up

For models with very large numbers of refinements (multi-level LGR) grid processing speed has been improved significantly, and property assignment code in GEM has been made more efficient, resulting in substantially reduced initialization times.

Improved Parallel Performance

The code for transmissibility updating in models using rock compaction tables has been parallelized, as well as the sector and material balance calculations and the velocity calculations.

An implicitness change criterion to decide load-balancing via keyword *JLOAD-CHIMP has been implemented.

Template Dataset Changes

The following table lists new or significantly modified template files.

gmsmo044.dat Velocity Dependent Relative Permeabilities Pope's model.

gmsmo045.dat Mixed initialization for CBM models.

gmsmo046.dat Usage of EOSSET-wise independent viscosity correlations.

gmsmo047.dat Demonstrate use of *FINE-INTG subkeyword in DEPTH-AVE initialization.

gmsmo048.dat Companion template to GMSMO047 for comparison.

gmsmo049.dat Test implicit switching based on composition threshold of aqueous components.

gmgmc049.dat Use of GEOGRID in a dual perm model with LGR in the reservoir grid.


gmgmc050.dat Use of a combination of dual grids LGR in reservoir grid and Barton-Bandis model.

gmgmc051.dat Use of *GNULL - Null Blocks in *GEOGRID.

gmgmc052.dat Geomech template demonstrating extending geogrid feature.

gmgmc053.dat Geomech template demonstrating extending/contacting geogrid feature.

gmgro020.dat Use of *ARRAY qualifier to modify a property in a set of grid-blocks.

gmspr025.dat Demonstrate usage of relative permeability interpolation keywords.

gmspr026.dat Asphaltene modelling with solid deposition dependent rock-fluid data.

gmspr027.dat Thermal + deposition + Rel Perm Interpolation.

gmtrg011.dat WAG process with cycle duration based on cum. injection/time targets.

gmtrg012.dat Use of special symbol '$' to link the value of the trigger test condition with a well action line.

gmtrg013.dat Template with triggers on reporting groups.

gmwwm097.dat Demonstrate usage of *SHUTLAYER1.

gmwwm098.dat Test BHF initialization with TURB/QUAD.

GRID CHANGES

Data Incompatibilities with Previous Versions of GEM

Keywords *SECTOR, *SECTORARRAY and *SECTORNAMES may not be used together. Doing so in previous versions sometimes resulted in duplicated sectors which may or may not contain information.

*SECTORNAMES must appear at most once and must appear before *ISECTOR.


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SIMULATOR CHANGES

Geomechanics

New keywords *GEOPOSTPRO and *GEOPOSTFREQ specify a geomechanics post-processing run, where an SR2 file set generated by a run without geomechanics is scanned for conditions at which to do geomechanics calculations. See stgeo62.dat, stgeo63.dat, stgeo64.dat and stgeo65.dat.

The *GEOGRID option was enhanced to interface with a fluid-flow grid that has local grid refinement together with a natural-fracture grid option. See stgeo059.dat and stgeo060.dat.

The *GEOGRID option was enhanced to handle *GNULL blocks correctly. See stgeo061.dat.

Chemical Processes

New keyword *SHEAREFFEC lets you specify whether viscosity shear depends on Darcy velocity or shear rate. This affects the meaning and unit type of

ul,lower and ul,max from *SHEARTHIN (stflu041.dat)

ul,lower and ul,max from *SHEARTHICK (stflu042.dat)

1st column from *SHEARTAB (stflu043.dat, stflu044.dat)

New keyword *VSSALTCOMP lets you specify the salinity component, which affects the viscosity of the nonlinear mixing component and the effective parameters. See stflu047.dat and stflu048.dat.

New keywords *IONCOMP1, *IONCOMP2, *IONXKC and *IONQV allow you to model ion exchange. See stflu051.dat, stflu052.dat and stflu053.dat.

New *INTCOMP sub-keyword *ADS specifies that rock-fluid interpolation varies with the amount of adsorption of a component. See stflu053.dat.

New keyword *SHIFT *MWT scales internal numerical shift values according to molecular weight. See stflu45.dat, stflu46.dat, stflu47.dat and stflu48.dat.

Other New Keywords

New *OUTSRF *GRID sub-keyword *VELCAPN lets you view the velocities used in capillary number calculations when *IFTTABLE is used. See sttst12.dat.

New keyword *RESTART_SR2 causes restart information to be written to a separate SR2 file set, in which case real numbers for all other output SR2 files are written in single precision. See stsmo060.dat (separate restart) and sttst08.dat (included restart).


New keyword *RXORDUSE specifies what type of concentration is raised to the reaction order in the reaction rate expression: concentration based on gross volume (default, and the only option available previously) or phase volume. See existing template sttst02.dat and new template stflu049.dat.

New keyword *RXEQBASE specifies the composition base for the equilibrium reference used by keywords *RXEQFOR/BAK. See stflu050.dat.

New keywords *HYS_CFACTG and *HYS_TRAPG allow extra control of the scanning curve for Krg hysteresis using the Carlson or Killough method.

New *RPT sub-keyword *RPT_INTRP allows you to interpolate between rock-fluid rock types defined via *RPT. See stsmo059.dat.

New keyword *UPWIND can reduce grid orientation without the limitations or cost of *NINEPOINT. See stgro54.dat, stgro55.dat, stgro56.dat, stgro57.dat, stgro58.dat, and stgro60.dat.

New keyword *OUTBOARD lets outboard software update recurrent data at or between *DATE and *TIME cards. The manual is in OUTBOARD.doc.


The default action for keyword *VOLCONST has been changed from *BULK to *ROCK. See stsmo057.dat.

When keyword *INIT_FROM_RESTART is used, all other *INITIAL data is ignored and can be absent. See stflu033.dat.

The action of *AQUIFER was enhanced when aquifer is combined with overburden heat loss on multiple faces of a block. See verify90.dat.

The sign of aquifer influx of water and heat has been reversed to match IMEX and GEM. Starting with v2012, a positive influx value indicates flow from aquifer to reservoir.


Fluid Types

stflu033.dat Change: Remove all other *INITIAL data

stflu041.dat Test/Illustrate *SHEARTHIN (Shear Rate), Radial Polymer Flood

stflu042.dat Test/Illustrate *SHEARTHICK (Shear Rate) – Shear Thickening

stflu043.dat Test/Illustrate *SHEARTAB (Shear Rate) – White Castle

stflu044.dat Test/Illustrate *SHEARTAB (Shear Rate, Variable Perm) – White Castle

stflu045.dat Verify/Illustrate *SHIFT *MWT, Micellar Polymer in Core

stflu046.dat Verify/Illustrate *SHIFT *MWT, Micellar Polymer in Stochastic Reservoir

stflu047.dat Verify/Illustrate *VSSALTCMP, Micellar Polymer in Core

stflu048.dat Verify/Illustrate *VSSALTCMP, Micellar Polymer in Stochastic Reservoir

stflu049.dat Verify/Illustrate *RXORDUSE *DEN_COMP

stflu050.dat Verify/Illustrate *RXEQBASE with Foamy Oil

stflu051.dat Ionic flood in core (Na/Ca exchange)

stflu052.dat Lowsal Effect, Calcium and Sodium Ion Exchange via *INTCOMP *WATER


stflu053.dat Lowsal Effect, Calcium and Sodium Ion Exchange via *INTCOMP *ADS

stflu054.dat Ionic Flood in Core (Na/Ca Exchange)

Geomechanics

stgeo059.dat Verify/Illustrate *GEOGRID with *REFINE and *DUALPERM

stgeo060.dat Verify/Illustrate *GEOGRID with *REFINE and Barton-Bandis *DUALPERM

stgeo061.dat Verify/Illustrate *GNULL - Null Blocks in *GEOGRID

stgeo062.dat Verify/Illustrate Geomechanics Post Processing - Host Grid - Parent Run

stgeo063.dat Verify/Illustrate Geomechanics Post Processing - Host Grid

stgeo064.dat Verify/Illustrate Geomechanics Post Processing - GeoGrid - Parent Run

stgeo065.dat Verify/Illustrate Geomechanics Post Processing - GeoGrid

Simulator Options

stsmo057.dat Change: Test/Illustrate *VOLCONST *BULK Volume Constraint Type

stsmo059.dat Verify/Illustrate *RPT_INTRP *COMP for Surfactant Flood

stsmo060.dat Verify/Illustrate *RESTART_SR2 *SEPARATE

Option Verification

verify89.dat Verify/Illustrate *MOD *ARRAY

verify90.dat Verify Multi-Face Combined Aquifer and Heat Loss

Data Incompatibilities with Previous Versions of STARS

Keyword *ICE may not be used together with *PHWELLBORE *SAMODEL.

WELL MANAGEMENT CHANGES

Flexible Wellbore

These options have been added to the Flexible Wellbore feature. The manual is in FlexWell_Keywords.doc.

New keyword *FW-ITER allows more control over Flexible Wellbore convergence. See stwwm059.dat.

New *PERF_FLX sub-keyword *REFLAYER overrides the default location of the reference (bottom-hole pressure) layer. See stwwm074.dat.

New keywords *FCDL-PARAM and *FCDL specify a flow control device (FCD) on a per-completion-layer basis. Sub-keyword *ORIF specifies an orifice type of FCD (stwwm075.dat), sub-keyword *VENTURI specifies venturi type of FCD (stwwm076.dat) and sub-keyword *VENTURI-INJ specifies a venturi type of FCD that does not allow backflow (stwwm077.dat).

New *FLX_WELLBORE *TUBULARS *VARIABLE sub-keyword *WP lets you specify a withdrawal point below the top of the tubing. See stwwm080.dat.

New *FCDL-PARAM sub-keyword *STA is an alternate flow-control device.


Other New Keywords

New *PHWELLBORE sub-keyword *GL-PORT specifies gas-lift port locations that can be used during to the run as the reference depth for gas lift. See stwwm079.dat.

New keywords *LAYERCLUMP, *RM-LAYERCLUMP and *CLUMPSETTING let you lump well completion layers together for control purposes. See stwwm058.dat.

New keywords *LAYERRLUMP and *RM-LAYERRLUMP let you lump well completion layers together for reporting purposes. See stwwm058.dat.


*WELL *FRAC now applies to all rate-type *MONITOR constraints. See sttst70.dat and sthrw008.dat.

Well perforation was enhanced to handle correctly the re-perforation of a recurrently refined block. See stwwm078.dat.


Wells and Well Management

stwwm058.dat Layer Lumping; Trigger Based on Avg Sector Temperature

stwwm059.dat Change: Add *FW-ITER.

stwwm074.dat Verify/Illustrate *PERF_FLX with *REFLAYER

stwwm075.dat Verify/Illustrate *FCDL-PARAM *ORIF on Tubing

stwwm076.dat Verify/Illustrate *FCDL-PARAM *VENTURI in Injection cycle

stwwm077.dat Verify/Illustrate *FCDL-PARAM *VENTURI-INJ in Injection cycle

stwwm078.dat Verify/Illustrate Re-perforation of Recurrently Refined Block

stwwm079.dat Verify/Illustrate *GL_PORT for Gas Lift Location in *PHWELLBORE

stwwm080.dat Verify/Illustrate *FLX_WELLBORE *WP Withdrawal Point

stwwm081.dat Verify/Illustrate *MONITOR *AUTOLAYER1

stwwm082.dat Verify/Illustrate *MONITOR *SHUTLAYER1


*PHWELLBORE *SAMODEL may not be used when *MINTEMP < 0 C (which requires keyword *ICE).


In previous versions *WELL *FRAC was not applied to rate-type *MONITOR constraints, so the rate value for a *MONITOR constraint was for the partial well. The new version does apply the well fraction, that is, the rate value is for the entire well (consistent with all the other well rates). In order to reproduce the previous behaviour, the *MONITOR rate must be divided by the well fraction. This adjustment was made to existing templates sttst70.dat and sthrw008.dat.

GRID CHANGES


The action of *SCONNECT was enhanced to handle correctly a single cell having multiple special connections. See verify80.dat.


Grid Options

stgro054.dat *UPWIND *IJ with Diagonal 25x13 1/8 9-Spot Pattern

stgro055.dat *UPWIND *IJ with Parallel 18x18 1/8 9-Spot Pattern

stgro056.dat *UPWIND *IJ with *DYNAGRID in Diagonal 25x13 1/8 9-Spot Pattern

stgro057.dat *UPWIND *3D with Diagonal 25x13 1/8 9-Spot Pattern

stgro058.dat *UPWIND *3D with Parallel 18x18 1/8 9-Spot Pattern

stgro059.dat *UPWIND *3D with *DYNAGRID in Diagonal 25x13 1/8 9-Spot Pattern

stgro060.dat Test/Illustrate *UPWIND *IK with *GRID *CORNER

stgro061.dat Verify/Illustrate *IRCONNECT – Radial Grid

stgro062.dat Verify/Illustrate *IRCONNECT – Cartesian/Hybrid Grid

stgro063.dat Verify/Illustrate *NODES for Node-Based Corner-Point Data

stgro064.dat Verify/Illustrate *NODEX/Y/Z for Node-Based Corner-Point Data

stgro017.dat Change: Add non-uniform LGR block sizes.

sttst04.dat Change: Add non-uniform LGR block sizes.

verify80.dat Test/Illustrate Multiple *SCONNECT Applied to One Cell


Keywords *SECTOR (sttst07.dat), *SECTORARRAY (sttst08.dat) and *SECTORNAMES (sttst58.dat) may not be used together. Doing so in previous versions sometimes resulted in duplicated sectors which may or may not contain information.

*SECTORNAMES must appear at most once and must appear before *ISECTOR.


IImmppoorrttaanntt CChhaannggeess iinn LLaauunncchheerr 22001122

GENERAL CHANGES

In the Configure Local Job Server screen, you can now specify whether you want to treat CMG licenses as resources; i.e., to only start the simulator if valid licenses are available.

An Advanced Options button has been added to remote scheduler screens, and advanced options are moved to the Advanced Options dialog box.


IImmppoorrttaanntt CChhaannggeess iinn CCMMOOSSTT 22001122

GENERAL CHANGES

Support STARS-ME and Other Special Simulator Versions

CMOST 2012.10 supports running special simulator versions such as STARS-ME. To use this feature, specify the desired simulator version through the Run Configurations page. If a special dictionary file is required to process SR2 files produced by the special simulator, you will also need to specify the correct dictionary file either in the New Task dialog box or in the Run Configurations page.

Pre-simulation Commands and Improved Link to GOCAD

In previous versions, to couple CMOST runs with GOCAD, users needed to provide an intermediate program that transfers data between CMOST and GOCAD. The link to GOCAD has been greatly improved in CMOST 2012.10 so that an intermediate program is no longer needed for the coupling. A new task page Presimulation Commands has been added for users to configure various pre-simulation commands such as Run Builder Silently and Run GOCAD.

Time Series Data Compression in CMOST Result File

The CMOST Result Files (.cmr) format has been improved to reduce the file size, by up to 70% in some cases. As a result, the data loading speed is significantly improved. This enhancement is especially important when dealing with tasks that have large numbers of Time Series Result Observers defined. Users do not need to do anything to use this new feature. Older .cmr files that are opened and re-saved using the new version of CMOST will be automatically optimized to reduce the file size.

Export CMOST Result to Text File or Excel

CMOST 2012.10 allows users to export Time Series data and Property vs. Distance data to Tab-Delimited text files or Excel XML files. This feature can be accessed via the Export Data context menu which is available on all Time Series Observers and Property vs. Distance Observers plots and tree nodes. The Export Data wizard also allows users to select certain jobs for exporting the data, to choose whether to include the parameter values of each of the jobs, and to configure the format of tab-delimited text files. See Export Data for details.

Adjust Maximum Job Run Time during Run

This feature can be used to adjust the Maximum Job Run Time allowed per job while CMOST is running. If the actual run time of a job exceeds the specified Maximum Job Run Time, CMOST will automatically kill the job and treat the job as abnormal termination. To use this feature, click Operation in the menu bar and then select Update Engine Settings to open the Update Engine Settings dialog box. See Update Engine Settings for details.


Job Submission and Scheduler Utilization Optimization

When multiple schedulers are available for submitting jobs, CMOST 2012.10 will dynamically prioritize the schedulers according to the number of jobs that are currently running or that have been queued in each scheduler. CMOST will then choose the least busy scheduler as the target scheduler for submitting the next simulation job. This feature is automatically applied and no settings are required.

CMG Dataset Parameterization Tool

A CMM file editor tool has been developed to help users parameterize CMG datasets. This tool supports syntax highlighting so that users can easily identify CMG keywords. With this tool, users can select any part of the dataset and let the tool automatically create a CMOST parameter. Users can also easily navigate through all CMOST parameters in the dataset. This tool can significantly improve the efficiency of using CMOST. See CMOST CMM Editor for details.

Particle Swarm Optimization

The particle swarm optimization algorithm has been improved to allow users to configure the cognitive acceleration coefficient, social acceleration coefficient, population size, and inertia weight. The default inertia weight, population size, cognition and social components are set according to Trelea particle swarm optimization algorithm. See Particle Swarm Optimization Switches for details.

Ordinary Kriging Algorithm Improvement

History matching and optimization convergence using ordinary Kriging proxy models has been improved by switching from anisotropy to isotropy near the end of the optimization process. This switch allows different regions of the search space to be explored by the optimization algorithm. This feature is automatically applied and no settings are required.


IImmppoorrttaanntt CChhaannggeess iinn WWiinnPPrroopp 22001122

GENERAL CHANGES

Simulator Calculation Engine Changes

STARS Gas Viscosity Parameter Generation

The STARS “Basic PVT” calculation now has the option to write out component gas viscosity correlation coefficients. Since the STARS gas viscosity model is a low-pressure form, the coefficients are generated at atmospheric pressure. See template data set stars-gas_visc_withH2O.dat.

Multiple Mixing Cell Method for MMP

The multiple mixing cell method of Ahmadi and Johns (SPE 116823) for calculating minimum miscibility pressure has been implemented in WinProp. Recent research on analytical method-of-characteristics (MOC) techniques for calculating MMP indicates that the MOC methods may not always converge to the correct solution. The multiple mixing cell method is included as an alternative to check the results of MOC calculations, and possibly indicate if slim-tube simulations should be done.

Additional Regression Variables for OGW Flash

The component mole fractions in non-aqueous phases and component gas-water and oil-water k-values can now be specified as experimental data for regression in the OGW flash.

Enthalpy and Entropy Calculations

Phase Entropy is now output in the standard phase property table in WinProp, along with enthalpy and heat capacity. The database of ideal gas enthalpy coefficients used in the calculation of all of these quantities has been updated from the 2005 edition of the API Technical Data Book, to eliminate some inconsistencies in the earlier data.

Format I and Format II Extended Black Oil Tables

The calculation of the alternate format extended black oil tables has been enhanced for better consistency with Equation-of-State results for density and viscosity.

Graphical User Interface Changes

Operations with Multiple Calculation Modules

A new dialog has been implemented to allow operations to be performed on multiple calculation modules simultaneously. The dialog shows a list of the calculation modules in the data set that can be selected using the usual CTRL and SHIFT keyboard controls. The selected items can be included/excluded from the WinProp run, or cut/copied to the clipboard. The contents of the clipboard may then be pasted into any open data set.

Other Interface Features

An option to temporarily disable regression has been implemented. The calculations in the regression block are still performed, but no regression is done.


IImmppoorrttaanntt CChhaannggeess iinn BBuuiillddeerr//RReessuullttss 22001122

GENERAL CHANGES - BUILDER

Improved support for visualization of geomechanics boundary conditions has been added. Refer to “Geomechanics – GEM and STARS, Displacement Boundary Conditions” in the Builder User’s Guide.

A trajectory smoothing feature has been added. Through this feature you can highlight and resolve problems with trajectories, insert and delete trajectory nodes, eliminate kinks, interpolate between nodes, replace an existing trajectory with a smoothed trajectory, and export the smoothed trajectory to a Builder-formatted trajectory file for later import. Refer to “Trajectory Smoothing” in the Builder User’s Guide.

FlexWells now supports the REPLACE keyword, which allows a given FlexWell to change a PRODUCER for an INJECTOR and vice versa. This is supported in the Events table. FlexWells is now consistent with the PHWELLBORE model so if an annulus uses a wellbore model, all tubing wells must also use it. FlexWells now supports WP (withdrawal point) through the user interface. If a withdrawal point is present, FlexWells checks that the wellbore model is not used. Refer to “FlexWells (STARS)” in the Builder User’s Guide for further details.

Formula Manager provides a centralized location for managing formulas. Refer to “Formula Manager” in the Builder User’s Guide.

The Import Black Oil PVT wizard now supports multiple PVT regions, and improvements have been made to the user interface. Refer to “STARS Import Black Oil PVT Wizard” in the Builder User’s Guide.

Builder supports datasets with grids specified in node based format. If the grid is not specified in node based format, Builder can convert (most of) the corner points. Refer to “Converting an Existing Simulation Grid to a Node Based Format” in the Builder User’s Guide.

GENERAL CHANGES - RESULTS

Results 3D and Results Report

A new Formula Manager allows you to:

- Create, edit and delete a formula.

- View and interact with all formulas from all open .3tp files.

- Copy a Spatial-Property formula within or between Results 3D .3tp files.

Refer to “Formula Manager” in the Results 3D User’s Guide for further information.


Results Graph

A new Formula Manager allows you to:

- Create, edit and delete a formula.

- View and interact with all formulas from all open files.

- Copy a TimeSeries formula within or between Results Graph .ses files.

- Repeat a Property versus Time plot that contains a TimeSeries formula.

- Repeat a Property versus Distance plot that contains a Spatial-Property formula created using Results 3D.

- Repeat a plot or curve containing a formula (which could be a Spatial-Property formula) across files, using Add Similar Curves/Plots, as described in “Repeating Curves or Plots for New Data Files”.

Refer to “Formula Manager” and “To add curves based on formulae” in the Results Graph User’s Guide for more information.


IImmppoorrttaanntt CChhaannggeess iinn DDaattaaIImmppoorrtteerr 22001122

GENERAL CHANGES

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