Weeder’s DigestWeeder’s DigestJuly 2013July 2013

Whatcom County Master GardenersWhatcom County Master Gardeners

MG Calendar, Events & News

Alden Sievers - MG 2006

About Aronia

What Are Some MGs Doing These Days?

Natural Management of Plant Pests and Diseases

MG Calendar, Events & News

Alden Sievers - MG 2006

About Aronia

What Are Some MGs Doing These Days?

Natural Management of Plant Pests and Diseases

From the Coordinator’s Desk...Happy Summer!

Well, it has been a busy month. I found it hard to keep up with my strawberry patch. It seems like the slugs got all the good ones this year.

I travelled to Ellensburg last week with Sasha Buller, the new MG coordinator for Skagit County. We attended the two-day State MG Coordinators’ Conference in Ellensburg. Lots of great information was shared about state volunteer projects and the ANGEL on-line learning system for training. We also said goodbye to Toni Fitzgerald, the state coordinator who retired on July 1st. There were about 35 county coordinators at the meeting; and we welcomed the new Interim WSU Extension MG Program Leader, Nicole Martini. Her office will be at the Puyallup research station.

For NEW Class 2013 Interns and Mentors:Clinic Update—The office MG clinic has been very busy this season with lots of phone calls, emails and visitors daily. We need to have some clinic shifts covered in July and August. If you are an intern, or a mentor to an intern, we need you!! To sign up together for a shift, go to the Master Gardener Clinic Calendar at http://whatcom.wsu.edu/mastergardener/calendar.html and follow the instructions for adding a shift.

Dates to Remember:July 13 Farmers Market Booth July 25 Community Garden Open House and Learning Fair (see page 4)August 8 Annual MG Picnic at Hovander—potluckAugust 12-17 Northwest Washington Fair Week (Date for first planning meeting - July 11 (see page 3). If you are creative and love the fair, we want your skills. We get lots of visitors!!)September 26-28 State 2013 Master Gardener Advanced Education Conference in Everett. (For more information, visit: http://www.wa-mg-conf.org/conference-details.html and see attached flyer.)October 10 2013 MG Class Graduation!! (Mark your calendar.)

Whatcom County Master Gardeners Program1000 N. Forest Street

Suite 201Bellingham, WA 98225-5594

360-676-6736http://whatcom.wsu.edu/mastergardener/

MISSION: The WSU Extension Master Gardeners Program trains volunteers to be effective community educators in gardening and environmental stewardship.

WSU WHATCOM COUNTY EXTENSION STAFF: Drew Betz: County DirectorChris Benedict: Agriculture Educator Colleen Burrows: Agriculture Special Projects Coordinator Beth Chisholm: Master Gardeners & Community First

Gardens ProjectCheryl Kahle: Office Manager

Whatcom County Master Gardener FoundationROLE: The Master Gardener Foundation of Whatcom County supports the MG program with fundraising and provides information about home horticulture to the public through a demonstration garden, lectures and home gardening advice.

MG FOUNDATION BOARD: Past President: Loretta HoggPresident: Sandy Keathley1st Vice President: Louise Granger2nd Vice President: Chris HurstSecretary: Kay ReddellTreasurer: Pat EdwardsMembers at Large: Linda Battle & Kathleen BanderRepresentative to State Foundation: Linda Bergquist

The WEEDER’S DIGEST is the monthly newsletter of the Whatcom County Master Gardeners Program. Guest articles are encouraged. Please submit to Jo Fleming (jof@uw.edu). Articles are most appreciated if they contain 600 or fewer words and are accompanied by a photo. Editors reserve the right to edit for content and formatting.

COOPERATING AGENCIES: Washington State University and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Extension programs and employment are available to all without discrimination. Evidence of noncompliance may be reported through your local Extension Office.

Cover photo - Brassica oleracea (Romanesco broccoli) - by Jo Fleming, MG 2012

MG CalenDar - JulY 2013MG CalenDar - JulY 2013July 11Thursday

MG Foundation Board Meeting WSU Whatcom County Extension Office, 10:00am-12:00pm

July 11Thursday MG Garden Tour 325 S. Garden Street, 6:00pm (see description below)

July 11Thursday

Northwest Washington Fair - Planning Meeting WSU Whatcom County Extension Office, 9:00am (see description below)

July 13Saturday

MGs at the Bellingham Farmer’s Market

MGs have a booth at the market every second Saturday throughout the season, Depot Market Square, 1100 Railroad Ave., 10:00am to 3:00pm

July 25Thursday

Community Garden Open House & Fair Whatcom County Parks - Roeder Home, 3:00pm - 6:00pm (see page 4)

July 25Thursday

Monthly Plant Study Group Contact Karen Gilliam for more information, kgilliiam@gmail.com

You Are Invited - July MG Garden Tour!Our July 11 Foundation meeting day will be another fabulous garden tour. Please try to car pool. Bring snacks to share, if you wish. Tour starts at 6:00 pm.

Please call the WSU Whatcom County Extension Office for location and directions at 360-676-6736.

by Chris Hurst

Master Gardeners at the FairMaster Gardeners are always a big hit at the Northwest Washington Fair!

The fair is happening on August 12-17 this year in Lynden. In order to make it successful, we need your help in the preparations. Please join the Planning Team. The first meeting will happen July 11, 9:00 am at the WSU Extension Office, 1000 N. Forest St., Suite 201. The following are the tasks that are needed and their dates:

• Set theme, Gardening for Pollinators, and a kid activity - JULY• Organize volunteer schedule - JULY• Recruit volunteers - JULY• Set up booth (keep stocked with materials) - AUGUST 12-17• Take down booth - AUGUST 18-19

If you work at the fair, you get in FREE! Plus, it’s a lot of fun!

2013 Master Gardener Advanced Education Conference• Hosted by the Snohomish County Master Gardener Foundation and the Washington

State Master Gardener Foundation for Washington State University Extension MasterGardeners.

• Thursday - Saturday, September 26-28.• Incredible selection of Advanced Education Opportunities - 40 classes and panels in 8

sessions.• For more information and to register, visit: www.wa-mg-conf.org.• Hurry to register - space is limited.• Please see flyer attached to this newsletter.

Master Gardener Foundation notes

The longest day of the year is behind us now, and I’ve just spotted the first vine maple leaves starting to turn. When I first noticed this several years ago, I thought it was a fluke. But now I look for the red leaves each year on summer solstice – that’s when they start to turn in my neighborhood. They are a good reminder for me that, although we’re on the countdown as far as daylight is concerned, warmer temperatures are ahead, as well as most of our summer weather. And, while organized garden tours abound, let’s not forget to stop and appreciate our own gardens and to share them with our friends and family. So, whether it’s a bar-b-que outside with family, or friends over for tea, remember to take time to enjoy your own garden!

Sandy Keathley, MGF President

WSU Whatcom Master Gardener Foundation Meeting, Thursday, July 11, 2013, at 6:00 pm

Master Gardener Garden Tour. Tour two beautiful Bellingham gardens. Tour begins at 6:00 pm. Open to all Master Gardeners and the public. (Please see invitation on the previous page for more information.)

This garden tour takes the place of the July monthly meeting.

MG Foundation July Meeting

all the latest MG & Foundation news!

all the latest MG & Foundation news!

The 2013-14 WSU Whatcom County Master Gardener Roster is now available.

You can obtain a copy by email by sending a message to Beth Chisholm at beth.chisholm@wsu.edu or Cheryl Kahle at ckahle@wsu.edu, or call the WSU Extension Office at 360-676-6736.

This helpful publication contains names and contact information for all your Whatcom County Master Gardener colleagues, including the newest MG interns. It also lists MG foundation activities with contacts.

new 2013-14 MGVolunteer Directory

Community Garden Open House and learning Fair

July 25, 2013, 3:00pm - 6:00pm, Whatcom County Parks - Roeder Home

The Community First Garden project is now in its 5th year!! Goals are to help expand access to community gardens, thereby increasing self-sufficiency and local food security with nutritious, fresh produce; to provide opportunities for environmental education and stewardship of land; and to help create neighborhood gathering places that are welcoming to all, while fostering cooperative, community-building relationships within neighborhoods. The Community First Garden Project is a WSU Whatcom County Extension project funded by The Mary Redman Foundation which provides funding, technical support and education to new and established community gardens throughout Whatcom County, while fostering cooperative, community-building relationships.

• Are you interested in learning more about local community gardens?• Do you want to network with other gardeners to strengthen programs?• Join us for an afternoon of networking and learning.• For more information and to RSVP to table at the event, please email Beth Chisholm

at beth.chisholm@wsu.edu.

alden Sieverscasual mention of the Master Gardener program got his attentionand he soon was enrolled in the program. He’d never had time nor opportunity to do much home gardening, but he figured he’d better learn.

Like many before him, he soon found several fellow students and Master Gardeners with whom he quickly bonded. One in particular advised him that there was a place for everybody and everything. That was good news for Alden, who was a bit burned out from his years of working non-stop with the public. He limited his public time helping with the Master Gardener Public Market booth, and helped both Dick Porter with the dahlia garden and David Simonson with the vegetable garden at Hovander Park. “I did odds and ends, helping when I could,” he says.

But odds and ends are not what come to mind when you think of Alden at the Master Gardener Sale. Without his help (since 2006)….well, it wouldn’t be what it is today. His years of work at the BLM, being the man in charge, have helped him implement the changes that cut the time of set-up and break-down in half this year. His unflappable nature calms and encourages, and things just get done in a better way.

You’d never guess that Alden’s favorite gardening chore is weeding. “I love being out there, smelling the air, listening to the birds, feeling the dirt on my hands.” So Alden is poised to “share the wealth.” He’s happy to report that the good work on the part of Alicia Lanz, who lined up many enthusiastic volunteers, and Sandy Keathley, who shadowed him at this year’s sale, will allow him to bow out next year, and visit the grandson he needs to see at that time of year.

Besides, he has his lawn to consider. It’s a point of honor: he uses a push mower, in spite of the outright ribbing he takes from his (powered riding) neighbor. And then there’s all that weeding. And it’s pretty much up to him, for, as he says, “Jane is dangerous with pruners. And she’s not allowed to pull weeds….my plants look a little too weedy sometimes.”

Alden should know something, however. He’s not escaping. We won’t expect too much from him, but we’re determined to keep him in the loop: Once a Master Gardener, always a Master Gardener. And once you know Alden, you definitely know that you want to keep him in the loop!

by Kathleen Bander, MG 2012

What does someone who’s lived and worked in climates as hot as 116o F, and as cold as -67o F do at the end of a 34-year career in the Bureau of Land Management?

Well, move to Bellingham, of course. And Alden Sievers has never regretted his decision to do so. He loves the temperate climate and the community.

Talking to him about his long career in the BLM, he says it brought many experiences he’ll always remember. In Alaska, he was involved in the famous Pipeline project. In California, he worked on the Wild Horse Project, along with his duties as the BLM Officer in charge of 4.5 million acres of California desert.

His educational training was as a recreational planner, which he used extensively, from designing and implementing new campgrounds, to planning and work on trail systems for both trail and canoe.

He even got a stint in Washington, D.C., at BLM Headquarters, where he managed archeological and cultural aspects of all the millions of acres in BLM oversight. That worked out well for his kids, with all the history and museums and ballparks in the area. Alden and his wife, Jane, particularly enjoyed performances at the Kennedy Center.

The year 2000 brought Alden and Jane, newly-retired, to Bellingham. When settled and ready to take on new challenges, Alden saw a notice for the Master Composting Training. As he knew little aboutcomposting, and was always open to new experiences and knowledge, he signed up. A fellow student’s

Sandy Keathley and Alden Sievers at the 2013 MG Plant Sale

about aroniaby Kathleen Bander, MG 2012

Every gardener has felt the intense satisfaction of finding the exact right plant that looks, grows, and generally performs just as you hoped it would when you brought it home from the nursery.

Such a plant now grows in my garden. In fact, so happily does it grow that I’ve added an additional 30 plants to keep the first one happy!

The lovely plant I’m referring to is the Aronia melanocarpa, a deciduous shrub known also as black chokecherry. It’s qualities are myriad: It’s a green bush, quite polite about staying about 3-6 feet high, though it suckers after a few years, but nothing that a sharp shovel can’t take of. The plants take well to pruning. In autumn it’s leaves turn a brilliant red. And maybe best of all, every year, without any particular care, it produces masses of shiny black berries, all extremely high in anti-oxidants. Although the berries are tart, I discovered that the tart aronia juice was a perfect partner, 50/50, with the gallons of sweet (entirely too sweet to my taste) apple juice we produce each year.

So numerous are aronia berries on every bush that I can’t begin to use them all. But that’s no problem, as our local birds relish any berries I leave.

Seldom can you find a plant that is as valuable both as an attractive landscape specimen and as an edible food producer. Aronia has both of these qualities in spades. What it doesn’t have is disease, or insect-susceptibility. It likes full sun or light shade, moderate to ample water.

Commercial growers in the U.S. are trying to develop markets for the

aronia juice, and are even working on crossing aronia plants with pear plants to sweeten the berries. Though the aronia is native to Southern Canada and eastern U.S. states, the plant is much better known in Europe and China.

My guess is that if you plant a few aronia shrubs you’ll want more….and so will everyone who sees them in berry or fall color!

For more information about aronia visit these websites:

http://extension.wsu.edu/maritimefruit/reports/Pages/Aronia01.aspx

http://www.pnwplants .wsu.edu/PlantDisplay.aspx?PlantID=59

What are Some Master GardenersDoing These Days?

Sue Taylor, MG 2008, has published four articles as part of the WSU Whatcom Extension Gardening Green Series. Titles include:

• Soil: Step Lightly - It’s Alive• Gardening with a Purpose• Lose the Lawn and Gain An Oasis• Natural Management of Plant Pests and Diseases

The Weeder’s Digest will include these four articles throughout the year. In this issue, Natural Management of Plant Pests and Diseases is attached. Sue’s articles contain a combination of relevant background information and helpful guidelines that can be implemented in our gardens.

An expanding group of Master Gardeners is creating the Butterfly Park at the North Cascades Health and Rehabilitation Center on Cordata Boulevard. A detailed description will be provided in the August issue of the Weeder’s Digest. This peaceful garden will provide a sanctuary for bees and birds of all kinds in which residents of the Center and the surrounding community can learn about pollinators and plants. Stay tuned for more exciting information. The project is quite extensive and volunteers would be greatly appreciated! If you are interested in finding out more about this exciting project and would like to work with this fun group, please contact Jo Fleming (orcca@orcca.com) Kathleen Bander (kbwm@camano.net), or Jean Andresen (jeanandresen@yahoo.com).

The Plant ID Study Group reviews native plant identification (to keep familiar), identifies currently developing/blooming plants, peers into blossoms/buds/leaves, and goes on identification walks around the county (when one would normally expect good weather!) Last Thursday, this group met at the Maritime Heritage Park and walked the Native Plant Trail. If you would like more information about what is happening with this group in July, contact Karen Gilliam (jkgilliam@gmail.com) or Louise Granger (rutroad@gmail.com). All Master Gardeners are invited to attend these informative and fun monthly events.

WSU  Whatcom  Extension   GARDENING  GREEN  SERIES  By  Sue  Taylor  

NATURAL  MANAGEMENT  OF  PLANT  PESTS  AND  DISEASES  

There  is  a  delicate  balance  of  life  forms  in  your  garden.    Disturbing  the  balance  of  pests  and  beneficial  insects  through  the  use  of  chemicals  puts  your  garden  at  greater  risk  for  large  infestations.    More  than  95%  of  garden  insects  are  beneficial.    Some  are  pollinators,  some  break  down  organic  matter,  and  some  are  beneficial  predators  that  feed  on  the  bad  bugs.    Birds  are  part  of  nature’s  management  system.    The  protein  in  a  songbird’s  diet  comes  from  insects  including  pests  like  aphids.    

The  most  effective  pest  and  disease  management  strategy  is  prevention.    The  key  to  prevention  is  healthy  plants.    Build  a  foundation  of  healthy  soil.    Select  plants  that  do  well  in  your  existing  garden  conditions  for  sun  exposure,  soil  moisture,  and  soil  type.    Landscape  with  a  diverse  selection  of  plants.    Avoid  monocultures.    Research  plant  varieties  and  select  ones  that  are  resistant  to  pests  and   Phil  Green

diseases  of  our  area.    Invite  beneficial  insects  and  birds  into  your  landscape  with  native  plants  that  provide  food  and  tolerate  minor  infestations  as  natural.    Plants  can  lose  30%  of  their  leaves  without  long-­‐term  effects.    About  three  quarters  of  plant  problems  are  not  caused  by  pests/disease  but  by  unsuitable  growing  conditions,  improper  planting  technique,  or  extreme  weather.    If  you  don’t  see  signs  of  pest  damage  or  disease,  begin  by  assessing  growing  conditions:  sun  aspect,  soil  moisture  level,  soil  texture,  drainage  issues,  etc.    Even  if  a  plant  is  well  adapted  to  our  region,  it  must  be  suitable  for  your  planting  site  as  well.    

Practice  integrated  pest  management  (IPM).    Consider  removing  diseased  plants  rather  than  treating  them  with  chemicals.    The  least  toxic  strategy  for  management  is  cultural.      Use  of  floating  row  covers  to  prevent  egg-­‐laying  by  pest  insects  in  your  vegetable  garden  or  selecting  disease  resistant  varieties  are  examples  of  cultural  control.    Mechanical  controls  involves  physically  removing  the  pest.    This  can  be  hand  picking,  hosing  aphids  off  plant  tissues,  trapping  insects  with  sticky  traps,  or  pruning  out  diseased  branches.    Biological  controls  involve  deliberate  introduction  of  predators,  parasites  or  parasitoids.      

1. Observe  &  Monitor 2. Identify  &  Research 3. Devise  a  Treatment  Plan 4. Evaluate  Your  SuccessWalk  around  the  garden  weekly  to  look  at  each  plant.    Monitor  minor  infestations  for  intervention  by  birds  and  good  bugs.  

Identify  the  pest,  its  lifecycle,  and  natural  enemies.    Is  it  a  good  bug  or  a  bad  bug?    That  caterpillar  may  become  a  butterfly  next  week.      

Start  with  the  least  toxic  methods  first:  cultural,  mechanical,  biological,  and  as  a  last  resort  chemical  or  plant  removal.  

Keep  a  record  of  the  pest  or  disease  treatments  and  outcomes  for  future  reference.  

DISEASE  AND  PEST  TRIANGLE  

The  disease  triangle  is  a  simple  way  to  think  about  disease  and  pest  prevention.    These  problems  occur  only  when  all  three  components  are  present  at  the  same  time.    Break  the  links  in  the  triangle  at  any  point,  and  the  problem  will  not  occur.  

Example:  You  plant  a  susceptible  crabapple,  Malus  “Dorothea”,  in  an  area  where  the  apple  scab  fungus  is  abundant  and  spring  is  very  moist.    All  three  components  of  the  triangle  are  in  place.    The  tree  is  likely  to  develop  significant  scab  disease.    You  could  break  the  

triangle  by  using  a  variety  of  Crabapple  that  is  resistant  to  scab  such  as  “Prairie  Fire”.      

RESEARCH:    WSU  Extension  Master  Gardeners  can  identify  your  pest  or  disease  and  treatment  options  at  1000  N.  Forest  Street  in  Bellingham.    WSU  Hortsense  has  home  gardener  fact  sheets  for  managing  plant  problems  with  IPM.    Check  for  

Suscepitble  Plant  

Disease  or  Pest  

Conducive  Environment  

prevalent  disease  or  pest  problems  known  to  impact  plant  species  before  you  buy  and  introduce  a  new  plant  to  your  

landscape.    (http://pep.wsu.edu/hortsense/fact  sheets).      

10  STEPS  TO  A  HEALTHY  GARDEN  ECOSYSTEM:  Break  the  link  in  the  Disease  and  Pest  Triangle  

1. HEALTHY  SOIL:    Soil  rich  in  organic  matter  supports  the  microbial  activity  that  processes  organic  material  intoall  13  essential  plant  nutrients.    Other  microbes  act  as  a  biological  control  protecting  roots  from  pathogens.

2. CREATE  HABITAT:    A  structurally  complex  (trees,  shrubs,  and  ground  cover  plants)  landscape  that  includesnative  plants  offers  food  and  shelter  for  beneficial  insects  and  birds.

3. RIGHT  PLANT  /  RIGHT  PLACE:    Stressed  plants  attract  pests/disease.    Select  healthy  plants  that  thrive  in  thecultural  conditions  of  your  garden.    Inspect  plants  at  the  nursery  before  you  bring  them  into  your  garden.

4. PLANTING  TECHNIQUE:    Bareroot  plants  to  inspect  roots  for  pests,  disease,  weeds,  and  physical  problems  suchas  circling  roots.    Repair  any  damage.    Plant  at  the  appropriate  depth.

5. PLANT  ESTABLISHMENT:    Planting  in  the  fall  allows  roots  to grow  all  winter  and  cope  better  withsummer drought.    Water  as  needed  for  the  first  and  second  growing  season.

6. SMART  WATERING:    Overwatering  is  a  more  common  trigger  for  disease  than  drought  conditions.    Waterdeeply,  infrequently,  and  in  the  early  morning.

7. SANITATION:    Manage  viruses  with  cleanliness.    Viruses  are  easily  transmitted  by  gardening  tools,  humanhands,  equipment,  etc.    Sanitize  tools  with  alcohol  between  pruning  cuts.

8. PRUNING:    Prune  disease  infected  branches  and  dispose  away  from  the  garden.    Avoid  injuring  plants. Cutsand wounds  in  the  bark  create  openings  for  bacteria  to  enter.

9. OVERFERTILIZING:    Salt  from  synthetic  fertilizer  can  build up  in  the  soil  and  dehydrate  roots  and  soilmicrobes.        Deer  love  highly  fertilized  plants.

10. SLUGS:    Do  early  spring  slug  patrols.    Encourage  natural  predators:  garter  snakes,  predacious  ground  beetles,and  frogs.    Slug  poisons  with  iron  phosphate  are  safer  for  wildlife  and  pets.

Register before July 1 for only $175* 

Celebrating "40 Years of Growing...Together" 

2013 Master Gardener Advanced Education Conference Hosted by the Snohomish County Master Gardener Foundation 

and the Washington State Master Gardener Foundation for Washington State University Extension Master Gardeners. 

Thursday – Saturday, Sept. 26‐28 Edward D Hansen Conference Center, Everett, Washington 

Ed Hume, Keynote Speaker: "The Master Gardener Program and Its Place in the World" 

Tonie Fitzgerald and Sharon Collman, General Session: "Celebrating 40 Years of Growing...Together" 

Incredible Selection of Advanced Education Opportunities 40 Classes and Panels in 8 sessions  

Complete List is on the back. Speakers Include: 

Jennifer Andreas, Bess Bronstein, Walt Bubelis, Linda Chalker‐Scott, Craig Cogger,  Sharon Collman, Jana Ferris, Willi Galloway, Greg Hakim, Polly Hankin, David James,  

Glen Kohler, Judith Jones, Elise Krohn, Cathi Lamoreux, Carol Miles, David Muehleisen,  Todd Murray, Debbie Natelson, Hanu Pappu, Dave Pehling, Amy Ramsey‐Kroll, Mary Robson,  

Evan Sugden, Bill Thorness, Cass Turnbull, Tom Walters, Kevin Zobrist 

Plus Market Place, Silent Auction, Raffle, Yoga Stretch Breaks Day Before Tour Options (additional charge):  

WSU Mt Vernon Research Center; Tulalip Tribes Hibulb Culture Center; Chihuly Garden and Glass  

For Full Information and to Register, visit: 

www.wa-mg-conf.org*Register before July 1 for only $175

for best choice of classes and before registration is open to the public.  Includes all sessions, the Friday night Awards Banquet and Keynote,  the Thursday evening Sharing Success Reception, and Friday Lunch. 

Other Registrations options available including no meals, single day, and companion meals. 

All registration prices increase on July 1. Space is limited. 

40 Classes and Panels in 8 Sessions to Choose from: 

1a)  Dr. Carol Miles: Vegetables, Research, and More, Oh My! 1b)  Dr. Tom Walters: What Did I Do to My Berries? 1c)  Cass Turnbull: Difficult Plants to Prune 1d)  Dr. Linda Chalker‐Scott: How Trees Survive, or Not 1e)  Panel:  Gardening with a Purpose: Rain Gardens and Other Restorative Garden Techniques 

2a)  Dr. Carol Miles: Carol and the Beanstalk 2b)  Kevin Zobrist:  Native Trees (and Wannabees) of Washington State 2c)  Panel:  Community Gardens: Problems and Solutions 2d)  Elise Krohn: Healing Remedies from the Garden 2e)  Mary Robson: It Ain't Your Grandma's Pesticides 

3a)  Bill Thorness: Cool Season Edibles: Extend the Harvest, Plan Ahead, and Grow Food Year‐Round 3b)  Bess Bronstein: Pruning for Tree Health 3c)  Panel: Clinic Tips from Around the State 3d)  Janice Rudebaugh, Janet Brown: Trees and Power Lines: Who Has the Right of Way? 3e)  Dr. Hanu Pappu: Plant Viruses: Where Do They Come From and How to Avoid Them in Your Garden 

4a)  Todd Murray: New Invasive Species: "You’re Not From Around These Parts" 4b)  Dr. Greg Hakim: Weather in the Garden 4c)  Polly Hankin: Making the Most of Your Small Space 4d)  Cathi Lamoreux: Garden for the Health of It! 4e)  Dr. David Muehleisen: Insects on Our Veggies: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly! 

5a)  Willi Galloway: Veggie Success: Growing Your Most Productive Vegetable Garden Ever 5b)  Jennifer Andreas: What's Bugging the Weeds? 5c)  Jana Ferris: Volunteerism Across Generations 5d)  Glenn Kohler: Wood Borers and Sick, Dying Trees 5e)  Sharon Collman: Top Ten Garden Pests 

6a)  Bill Thorness: Grow and Share Your Heirloom Vegetables 6b)  Cathi Lamoreux: Garden for Life 6c)  Dr. Craig Cogger: Urban Soils ‐ OK for Gardens? 6d)  Walt Bubelis: A City Walk with Walt 6e)  Philomena Kedziorski: Walking Tour of Rain Gardens in Everett 

7a)  Debbie Natelson: Demystifying Organic Fertilizers 7b)  Dr. Evan Sugden: The Unknown Pollinators 7c)  Judith Jones: Ferns for Dry Places, East and West 7d)  Dr. David James: Butterflies: Life Histories, Conservation, and a Charismatic Link with Nature 7e)  Panel: Growing Food, Growing Hope 

8a)  Panel:  Growing Groceries 8b)  Polly Hankin: So Much to Do, So Little Time: How to get the Maintenance of Your Garden Under Control 8c)  Panel: Successful Practices for Engaging Diverse Communities 8d)  Amy Ramsey‐Kroll: The Rotten Truth about Tree Rots 8e)  Dave Pehling: Teeth Marks on Tree Barks (And Other Signs of Vertebrate Damage to Plants)