What you need today

1. Yellow response journal

2. Writer’s Choice book

3. Sentence combining worksheet (homework)

4. Pen or pencil

April 24, 2013Phase 2/Unit IV/Lesson 2

1. Are all clauses a sentence?

2. What makes a clause different from a phrase?

Study these phrases:–After the team lost the game, the coach

quit.–After losing the game, the coach quit.–After the loss, the coach quit.

Which is which? How do you know?

Type 1:

Some words can be used as either prepositions or as subordinating conjunctions:

–After the team lost the game, the coach quit.

–After losing the game, the coach quit.–After the loss, the coach quit.

Which is which? How do you know?

NOTES:• Some words can be used as either

prepositions or as subordinating conjunctions:– After the election, we celebrated.

• Prepositions begin prepositional phrases which do not contain a subject and/or a predicate.

– After we won the election, we celebrated.• Subordinating conjunctions begin dependent clauses

which contain a subject and a predicate.

Type 2:

Which sentence includes a dependent clause and which includes a prepositional phrase? Explain how you know by using sentences in your answers.

1. Before dinner, we wash our hands.

2. Before we eat dinner, we wash our hands.

NOTES:• Some subordinating conjunctions

(especially those expressing time) can also act as prepositions. – As prepositions, they introduce a prepositional

phrase without a subject and verb: • Before dinner, we wash our hands.• (prepositional phrase with no subject and verb)

– As conjunctions, they introduce a dependent clause containing a subject and verb:• Before we eat dinner, we wash our hands.• (dependent clause with subject we and verb eat)

Type 2 ANSWER:

Sentence 1 uses “before” as a preposition; its object is dinner.

Sentence 2 uses “before” as a subordinating conjunction to begin the dependent clause “before we eat dinner”.

1. Before dinner, we wash our hands.

2. Before we eat dinner, we wash our hands.

May 1, 2013Phase 2/Unit IV/Lesson 3

What is the difference between these sentence structures?

1. compound sentence v. simple sentence with a compound predicate

2. compound sentence v. complex sentence

A CONCRETE IMAGE OF HOW SENTENCES WORK

Length does not determine what is and is not a sentence. Regardless of how long or short a group of words is, it needs two parts to be a sentence: a subject and a predicate.

• The subject tells us who or what.

• The predicate tells us what about it.

Who or what? What about it?

He smiles.

Autumn leaves twirl gently to the ground.

The park district will open an outdoor ice skating rink in November.

These two parts connect to form a basic sentence, also known as an independent clause.

Another way to describe a sentence is to compare it to a bike…

These two parts connect to form a stable structure.

The subject is one wheel;

the predicate is the other wheel.

But most of the time our ideas include more details. We add extra words to the wheels.

Students in the biology lab studied cells under an electron microscope.

The neighborhood children play basketball at the community center.

Example: The new fitness center, which includes a swimming pool, will open in April.

Regardless of what kind of basket we add, we need a basic sentence to support it.

Sentence Support

Basic sentence: The new fitness center will open in April.

Basket: which includes a swimming pool

We call this basket a dependent clause.

Baskets are excellent ways to create sentence variety. Once we have a stable structure, we can add a variety of baskets on the front, in the middle, or on the back.

Sentence Variety

May 1, 2013Phase 2/Unit IV/Lesson 3

What is the difference between these sentence structures?

1. compound sentence v. simple sentence with a compound predicate

2. compound sentence v. complex sentence

Today’s vocabulary list

1. sentence

2. clause

3. phrase

4. independent clause

5. dependent clause

6. coordinating conjunction

7. subordinating conjunction

8. conjunctive adverb

9. simple sentence

10. simple sentence with a compound predicate

11. compound sentence

12. complex sentence

TODAY’S vocabulary list

1. SENTENCE

2. CLAUSE

3. PHRASE

4. INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

5. DEPENDENT CLAUSE

6. COORDINATING CONJUNCTION

7. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

8. conjunctive adverb

9. simple sentence

10. simple sentence with a compound predicate

11. compound sentence

12. complex sentence

Important Definition #1—Compound Sentence

Two independent clauses joined by• A comma followed by a coordinating

conjunction– Coordinating conjunctions = FANBOYS– FANBOYS = “for”, “and”, “nor”, “but”, “or”,

“yet”, or “so”

[Each independent clause has its own subject and predicate.]

Important Definition #1 (Part 2)

—Compound SentenceTwo independent clauses can also be joined with a semi-colon (;):

– Semi-colons should be used when• the two subjects are identical • the sentences share a common pattern

or topic

[Each independent clause has its own subject and predicate.]

Important Definition #2—Simple Sentence with a Compound Predicate

One independent clauses with the the same subject but two or more predicates joined by• a coordinating conjunction

FANBOYS = “for”, “and”, “nor”, “but”, “or”, “yet”, or “so”

• NO COMMA APPEARS UNLESS 3 or more PREDICATES complete the subject.

[The single independent clause has a subject and multiple predicates.]

Important Definition #3—Complex Sentence

One independent clause joined to one dependent clause by• A subordinating conjunction conjunction

– Subordinating conjunctions can also be prepositions

[Each clause—both the dependent and the independent clause—has its own subject and predicate.]

Common subordinating conjunctions

• When• While• Since• Although• Before• After• Because

• If• Even though• Whenever• Wherever• As• Until• unless

Important Definition #3— (Part 2) Complex Sentence

When the dependent clause comes first, a comma separates it from the independent clause.

No comma is used if the independent clause comes in front of the dependent clause.

[Each clause—both the dependent and the independent clause—has its own subject and predicate.]