… and where did it begin?

What was the Renaissance?• Italy• Italian Cities

• Urban (Non-Rural) Societies

• Major Trading Centers• Secular (Non-

Religious)• Moved away from life

in the church• Focuses more on

material objects and enjoying life

What does all this mean?

Renaissance means

rebirth or revival

and Europe was

recovering from the

Dark ages and the plague

People had lost their

faith in the church and

began to put more focus on human

beings.

The Renaissanc

e was a time of renewal

The Crusade

s

• Travel to Mideast

• New/Old Ideas

Rise of

Middle

Class

• Trade• Job

Specialization

The Plagu

e

• Questione d Why?

• Questioned Faith

Causes of the Renaissance

Effects of the Renaissance

The Printing

PressArt,

Architecture,

Literature

Protestant Reformatio

n

The Age of

Exploration

The Scientific

Revolution

Scientific Revolution

Discoveries & Achievements

The Scientific Revolution was from 1650s to Early 1800s

It involved gradual developments in astronomy, physics, chemistry, and biology.

Causes of the Scientific Revolution

Medieval Intellectual Life and Medieval Universities

The Italian Renaissance

Renewed emphasis on mathematics

Renaissance idea of Humanism

Navigational problems of long sea voyages

Better scientific instruments

Copernicus (1473-1543)Aim to glorify GodSun-centered universeChallenged circular

orbitsUniverse of staggering

sizeEarth no different than

any other planetOn the Revolutions of

the Heavenly Spheres (1543)Did not get in trouble by the Roman Catholic Church

since his theory was published after his death.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)Used the experimental

methodHe made discoveries

using the telescopeHe challenged the

church’s categories of “form” and “matter”

End of his life was house arrest for being a heretic

Effects of the Scientific Revolution

Rise of the “Scientific Community”

--Royal Society of London (1662)--Academy of Royal Sciences (1666)

The modern scientific method

A universe ordered according to natural laws

Scientific Method

• Celebrated the individual

• Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman

literature and culture

• Was supported by wealthy patrons

HumanismAn intellectual movement at the heart of the Italian Renaissance that focused on worldly subjects instead of religious issues.

Niccolò Machiavelli“The Prince”Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule.

He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control without worrying about conscience.

Political Ideas of the Renaissance

Niccolò Machiavelli

Better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved

Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision making

Ruler keeps power by any means necessary

The end justifies the meansBe good when possible, and

evil when necessary

Niccolò Machiavelli (1469 -

1527)

The Prince (1513)

Machiavellian

AIM: Why did

Europeans want to go

out and explore the world?

God- Europeans see themselves as superior to others and feel

the need to spread Christianity throughout the world,

especially the “Heathens”

Glory- What better way to “show off” than to go out and

be the first to discover something new.

Gold- By controlling trade routes to the east, Europeans could cut out the middle men.

Also, they could try to find Gold in the new land.

Technology- New technology such as the caravel, astrolabe,

and compass.

3 “G’s” and

a“T”

Columbian Exchange

Protestant ReformationWhat was the Protestant Reformation?

Protest

Reform

TO

What/Who?

Roman Catholic Church

What had become the biggest authority figure of the Middle Ages?

The Middle Ages

The Catholic Church

The Pope

Renaissance's effect

HumanismTrade

People began to question their lives and church authority. WHY?

Rise of Wealth &the Middle Class

Focus on the Individual

The PlagueQuestioned their faith

Martin Luther- 1517German monkQuestioned Churches

practicesSale of indulgences

“ selling forgiveness for sins” (Automatic trip to heaven in the after-life by paying the church to forgive your sins)

95 Theses Luther was so upset

at church he decided to write down the95 Theses (95 things church is doing wrong) and nails them to the church in Wittenberg (Germany)

How did this become such a big deal?Effect of the printing

press – ideas are spread faster

Opened people’s eyes to church malpractices (wrong doings)

Martin Luther

“Faith Alone” will save youAll should read the Bible in their own

vernacular (language)Priests do not have special powersReligious Education for all

Yup! Punish Him

Nope!Church’s Reaction?Want Martin

Luther to recant (take back) what he said @ Diet of Worms

Diet – group/assembly

Worms is a place in Germany

Let him say what he wants

Don’t let him get away with it

He is excommunicated (banned) from the church and forced into hiding for the rest of his life

Luther’s Response to the Church

NO WAY DUDE!Hier stehe ich. Ich kann nicht anders. Gott helfe mir. Amen."

("Here I stand. I can do nothing else. God help me.)