What type of food?Carbohydrates, protein, lipids?

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BIOMOLECULESMACROMOLECULESmade by polymerization-large

compounds built by joining smaller ones together.

Smaller units (subunits) are called monomers.

4 major molecules important to life. Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic

acids and proteins.

CARBOHYDRATES 1:2:1 RATIO

1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen Example: the sugar glucose - C6H12O6

Monomer (1 sugar) – Monosaccharide Polymer (2+) - Polysaccharide

2 sugars - disaccharide Main source of energy for living things Also has structural purpose for living things.

1. Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose

2. Animal cells store excess sugars as glycogen

CarbohydratePolymer

Monomer(subunit)

LIPIDS Made of Carbon and Hydrogen NOT soluble in water (hydrophobic)

doesn’t mix with water Used to store energy, and as chemical

messengers (hormones, steroids), and structure of cells

Three Types of Lipids Steroids – ex: hormones, cholesterol Part of the cell membrane (phospholipids). Fats: made up of fatty acids

Saturated-Solid at room temperature. No double bonds

Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature. Double bonds between Carbons.

LipidCell walls

NUCLEIC ACIDSComposed of Hydrogen, Oxygen,

Nitrogen, Carbon and Phosphorus.Subunits (monomers) are called

nucleotides. Store and transmit hereditary

information.Ex. DNA , RNA

Nucleotide – Nucleic Acid

Monomer

Polymer

PROTEINS

Composed of Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

Polymers are known as Polypeptides.Monomers are called amino acidsControl rate of reactionsFunction in transport and formation of

bone and muscle cells. Ex: Hemoglobin, Insulin, Enzymes

Folded shape is important in enzyme recognition process.

ProteinsMonomers

Polymers