What to Know About the Eyes
Transcript of What to Know About the Eyes
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THE EYES
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THE EYES
Introduction:
From the moment you wake up in
the morning to the time you go to
sleep at night, your eyes are actinglike a video camera. Everything you
look at is then sent to your brain for
processing and storage much like a
video cassette. This is a verysimplified explanation, you will
discover why the sense of sight is
actually considered the most
complex of the five senses.
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THE EYES
Take a moment to locate an object
around you. Do you know how you are
able to see it? Would you believe that
what you are actually seeing are
beams of light bouncing off of the
object and into your eyes? It is hard to
believe, but it is true.
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THE EYES
The light rays enter the eye through
the cornea, which is a thick,
transparent protective layer on the
surface of your eye. Then the light
rays pass through the pupil (the dark
circle in the centre of your eye) and
into the lens.
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Your lens in your eyes change size all
the time. When you look at objects real
close up, the lens gets thicker. If you
look at objects far away, it gets thinner.
It does this to help you focus the
correct image on the retina.
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After light passes through the lens
it shines through the vitreous
humor to the back of the eyewhere it hits the retina. The retina
takes the light and changes it into
nerve impulse so the brain can
understand what the eye sees. It
sends the message to the brain
by way of the optic nerve.
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Cornea: The cornea is a clear white
covering over the outside of the eye.
It helps the eye focus like a lens on
a camera.Iris: The iris is the part of your eye
that has color. It gets bigger and
smaller to let in different amounts of
light.
Pupil: Black opening in the middle of
the eye. Light comes through this
opening.
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Aqueous humor: The aqueous
humor is clear water-like substance
that keeps your eye clean. It also
provides nutrition.Lens: The lens bends light. This
helps the eye see close up and far
away things.
Vitreous Humor: The vitreous humor
is clear water-like substance in the
back of your eye.
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Retina: The retina has nervecells called rods and cones that
detect light. It is in the back of
your eye.
Optic Nerve: The optic nerve
carries electrical signals fromyour retina to your brain so you
can see.
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Rods and Cones:
Rods and cones are special cells
that process light.
Rods and cones are extremely
small. In fact, there are about 120million rods and 7 million cones in
each eye!
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Continuation...
Rods help us see black and
white and shades of grey.
Cones help us see color. You
have three kinds of cones are - red,
green, and blue. These cones work
together to help us see millions of
colors.
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When you see
images, they turn
upside down when
they hit the retina.So your brain sees
everything in the
world upside down.
Your brain basicallyflips everything
around so it is right
side up again.
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There are the six small muscles that
move each eye from side to side, up
and down and on the slant. When
these muscles don't work together, itcan affect vision. One condition that
can arise when these muscles don't
work together is lazy eye, a condition
that affects about 5% of children andarises when the eye muscles don't
work together properly. This leads to
"lazy eye," in which one eye takes
over all the vision duties.
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A defining characteristic of these
tiny muscles is that they are
nearly always moving, even
during sleep. In fact, even when
"staring" at a fixed object, the
eyes keep moving over the
image.Although these musclesare very small, they use a lot of
energy because they are always
on the go. Eye Protection
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THE EYES
Because the eye is such an important
and complex part of our body, we have
many features which protect the eye.
The eyebrows are the strips of
hair above your eyes which prevent
sweat from running into them.
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The eyelids sweep dirt from the
surface of the eye. The eyelid also
protects the eye from injury.
Tears are sterile drops of clean
water which constantly bathe thefront of the eye, keeping it clean
and moist.
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Imperfect Eyesight:
Nearsighted and Farsighted
Not all people have perfect vision.
People who can see things up close,
but not far away are considered to be
nearsighted. This happens when the
light entering the eye focuses on a point
in front of the retina.
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Continuation...
On the other hand, people who can
see far away objects but not those
that are up close are farsighted.
Farsightedness occurs when thelight that enters the eye focuses on
a point behind the retina.
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THE EYES
Most people blink every 2-10
seconds.Each time you blink, you shut
your eyes for 0.3 seconds, which
means your eyes are closed at least30 minutes a day just from blinking.
If you only had one eye, everything
would appear two-dimensional. (This
does not work just by closing oneeye.)
Owls can see a mouse moving over
150 feet away with light no brighter
than a candle.
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The reason cat's and dog's eyes glow
at night is because of silver mirrors in
the back of their eyes called the
tapetum. This makes it easier forthem to see at night.
An ostrich has eyes that are two
inches across. Each eye weighs more
than their brain.
A chameleon's eyes can look in
opposite directions at the same time.
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A newborn baby sees the world
upside down because it takes
some time for the baby's brain tolearn to turn the picture right-side
up.
One in every twelve males is
color blind
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THANK YOU!!