What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community)...

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What Shapes An Ecosystem? • Biotic Factors--The characters • (All of the organisms in the community) • Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving factors--amount of water, sunlight etc.

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Transcript of What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community)...

Page 1: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.

What Shapes An Ecosystem?

What Shapes An Ecosystem?

• Biotic Factors--The characters• (All of the organisms in the

community)

• Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving factors--amount of water, sunlight etc.

• Biotic Factors--The characters• (All of the organisms in the

community)

• Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving factors--amount of water, sunlight etc.

Page 2: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.

• The Niche (The occupation of the organism) Also shapes the Ecosystem

• The Habitat (The organism’s address)

• The Niche (The occupation of the organism) Also shapes the Ecosystem

• The Habitat (The organism’s address)

Page 3: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.

Community InteractionsCommunity Interactions

• Are forms of symbiosis that have a major affect on Ecosystems

• Competetion• Predation• Symbiosis--2 species live closely

together-- There are 3 types-- 1) Mutualism--both + 2) Commensalism-- + 0 3) Parisitism-- + -

• Are forms of symbiosis that have a major affect on Ecosystems

• Competetion• Predation• Symbiosis--2 species live closely

together-- There are 3 types-- 1) Mutualism--both + 2) Commensalism-- + 0 3) Parisitism-- + -

Page 4: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.

Competitive Exclusion Principle

Competitive Exclusion Principle

• 2 species cannot occupy the same niche--Why?

• One will out-compete the other and exclude it

• May lead to resource partitioning--(Warbler example)

• 2 species cannot occupy the same niche--Why?

• One will out-compete the other and exclude it

• May lead to resource partitioning--(Warbler example)

Page 5: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.
Page 6: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.
Page 7: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.

Ecological SuccessionEcological Succession

• The changes that happen in a community over time, in the species composition

• Usually predictable• Generally, 2 types (On land or in

water)• Primary• Secondary

• The changes that happen in a community over time, in the species composition

• Usually predictable• Generally, 2 types (On land or in

water)• Primary• Secondary

Page 8: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.

Forest Succession in New England

Forest Succession in New England

• Primary--Begins with bare rock

(After the Glaciers melted 10,000 yrs bp)

(Pioneer Species)Lichens----> Break down rock, create soil

Mosses----> Grasses & Herbs.---> Shrubs

• Primary--Begins with bare rock

(After the Glaciers melted 10,000 yrs bp)

(Pioneer Species)Lichens----> Break down rock, create soil

Mosses----> Grasses & Herbs.---> Shrubs

Page 9: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.
Page 10: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.
Page 11: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.
Page 12: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.

THE END

Page 13: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.

Shade Intolerant Trees (Pioneers)

White Pine, Fire Cherry, Grey Birch, White Spruce

Shade Tolerant Trees (Climax species)

Sugar Maple, Beech, Golden Birch, White Ash

Shade Intolerant Trees (Pioneers)

White Pine, Fire Cherry, Grey Birch, White Spruce

Shade Tolerant Trees (Climax species)

Sugar Maple, Beech, Golden Birch, White Ash

Page 14: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.

The, “Results” of Ecosystem Shaping

The, “Results” of Ecosystem Shaping

• Biomes--Unique flora (plants) and fauna (animals)

• Determined by climate and microclimate

• Major Biomes? About 10Desert, Tundra, Grassland (Veldt), Taiga

(Boreal) Forest, Deciduous Forest, Temperate Rain Forest, Tropical rain Forest, Savanna, Mediterranean Forest

• Biomes--Unique flora (plants) and fauna (animals)

• Determined by climate and microclimate

• Major Biomes? About 10Desert, Tundra, Grassland (Veldt), Taiga

(Boreal) Forest, Deciduous Forest, Temperate Rain Forest, Tropical rain Forest, Savanna, Mediterranean Forest

Page 15: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.

Aquatic Ecosystems & Biomes

Aquatic Ecosystems & Biomes

• Freshwater-- Still (Lentic) Lakes, Wetlands Ponds,

• Moving (Lotic) Rivers and Streams

• Marine-- Estuaries--Where rivers meet the sea--The upper depths are freshwater and the lower depths are salt water Why?

• Freshwater-- Still (Lentic) Lakes, Wetlands Ponds,

• Moving (Lotic) Rivers and Streams

• Marine-- Estuaries--Where rivers meet the sea--The upper depths are freshwater and the lower depths are salt water Why?

Page 16: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.
Page 17: What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving.

Marine EcosystemsMarine Ecosystems

• Intertidal Zone-- Area exposed and influenced by the tides

• Benthic Zone--The bottom• Pelagic Zone--The open ocean• Photic & Aphotic Zone--Where

light penetrates or is absent

• Intertidal Zone-- Area exposed and influenced by the tides

• Benthic Zone--The bottom• Pelagic Zone--The open ocean• Photic & Aphotic Zone--Where

light penetrates or is absent


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